We take our name from Cephalometry, the study and measurement of the head.
The history of cephalometry can be traced through art, science, and anthropology.
Indian iconometry, studied exensively by Ruelius, included the Sariputra system (AD 1200), whereby highly specific geometric instructions were used for creating models of Buddha.
The module system of Byzantine art featured three concentric circles. Nose length was used as the radius for its construction.
Leonardo da Vinci is perhaps the most well known scientist and artist studying facial proportions during the Renaissance. Although it was Paciolo which in 1509, Paciolo presented his ideas on the ‘divine proportion’ – showing an illustrated of a man’s face in profile, inscribed in a golden triangle and golden rectangle
In the 1600s, Durer used geometric methods to measure difference between faces.
It was not until the 20th century that three dimensional systems of facial measurements were adopted by the likes of Van Loon and Simon.