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[crimson-archaeology]

Dantakasthas (Chewing Sticks) in Ayurveda: A Review_Crimson Publishers

Dantakasthas (Chewing Sticks) in Ayurveda: A Review  by Siva Panuganti in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

The importance of dental health and oral hygiene has been identified through centuries. Traditionally various kinds of Dantakasthas (Chewing Sticks) and herbal leaves are being used for tooth cleansing and mouthwash. Ayurveda, the system of Indic traditional medicine, is having a rich plant economy, whereas the list of chewing sticks so less. Since Charaka to Bhavamishara, the list is not even crossed 50 in number Similarly, in current times, various kinds of toothpaste products are being appeared in the market on the brand Ayurvedic herbals and became commercialized. Due to various products, it became a bit challenging for customers to identify which one is suitable. So, there is an urgent need to show the exhaust list of chewing sticks mentioned in Ayurveda and correlation with current products regarding the ingredients. In the same way, a method is identified to extend the list, which can be helpful to formulate new kinds of products at cost-effective.

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Treating Psychological Disorder with Traditional Chinese Medicine_Crimson Publishers

Treating Psychological Disorder with Traditional Chinese Medicine by Lance Naizhao Li in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

his patient, AC, 85 years old, has been treated by me since 2015. He complained that he has severe depression and anxiety. He said to me that he was very afraid of being home alone. Most of the nights, he has been experiencing panic attack. He revealed to me that his entire body shook violently, his chest was extremely tight, he had cold sweats, and he felt himself suffocated, eventually he felt terribly dizzy and his friends who live with him have to rush him into the hospital nearby. The staff in the hospital ran a series of tests and concluded that he had a panic attack.

  As far as Traditional Chinese Medicine is concerned, I asked him more questions in regard to his condition. He told me he also has palpitation, frequent urination at night and he has to get up at least 5 times. His night sleep was totally disturbed and he felt extremely exhausted the next day. In terms of his diet, he lists what he will be eating every day and he eats everything in the moderate amount. Besides, he takes natural supplements to maintain his health. Sometimes he feels dizzy and has tinnitus, his knees are hurting and his legs are very weak. He particularly mentioned to me that he loves the warm weather. His tongue color is red, and his pulse is slippery and rapid. After the inquiry and examination, I came up with the diagnosis, treatment principle, and detailed treatment protocol.

 A. The diagnosis is Heart and Kidney in disharmony with Kidney Qi Deficiency.

  B. The treatment principle is Harmonizes the Heart and Kidney and tonifies deficient Kidney Qi.

 C. The treatment protocol is: Body Acupuncture, Auricular Acupuncture, Moxa, and Herbal Medicine.

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Towards a Rational Insight into the Paradox of Homeopathy_Crimson Publishers

Towards a Rational Insight into the Paradox of Homeopathy by Jean Louis Demangeat in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Biological efficacy of infinitesimally diluted substances is still controversial. However, homeopathic remedies are manufactured through an iterative dilution/dynamization procedure which induces collateral phenomena, especially nanobubbles and release of silica from the glass container. Our own NMR studies and a review of the literature show that dilutions could contain much more molecules than expected, moreover in nanoparticulate forms which increase with dilution. Dilution/dynamization beyond a threshold of 10-6-10-8 generates superstructures associated with the solute, which grow at each step by affixing layers of nanobubbles and silica, or by self-assembly. Sizes from 1-2nm to hundreds of nanometers could be demonstrated by electron microscopy. Dynamization appears crucial, by producing specific superstructures (distinguishable according to the dissolved substance), and inducing paradoxical biological effects. Superstructures are neither observed without dynamization nor at low dilution, where even a paradoxical chaotropic effect on the solvent is observed by NMR. Thus, a dual structure of the homeopathic medicine is highlighted. We postulate that dynamization and nanobubbles ensure formation, stereospecificity, growth and transfer of superstructures across dilutions. The sampling tip may play a major role by catching the superstructures and conveying the encaged remedy across the successive dilutions. Some studies managed to show the presence of the remedy source, as a non-zero asymptote, in ultrahigh dilutions, far beyond the Avogadro’s limit. Owing to this physical duality, low dilutions would act on organ receptors through ligand-receptor interactions, and high dilutions on systemic size-dependent targets, due to peculiar properties of nanoparticles, able, as a function of size, to cross physiological barriers, stimulate endocrine and immune systems or enter nerves to directly reach the brain. Inverse effects, observed within the 10-3-10-6 range, might correspond to the onset of the nanoparticulate form. The number of dynamizations could be the true factor for biological activity, rather than the rate of dilution.

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The Secret Behind the Natural Sex Reversal in Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Remains Unknown_Crimson Publishers

The Secret Behind the Natural Sex Reversal in Rice Field Eel (Monopterus albus) Remains Unknown by Ayah Rebhi Hilles in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Monopterus albus, the rice field eel (Zuiew), it is under Synbranchidae family; Synbranchiformes order. It lives in the rice fields, swamps, and muddy ponds in different Asian countries. M.albus is a hermaphrodite and undergoes sex reversal naturally Female are intersexes, they have both female and male sex organs with oocytes and spermatocytes in their gonads, and then they become males [1]. The sex reversal of M.albus normally happens after spawning when the eel grows to 35 to 45cm in length [2]. There are many researchers studied the principle of natural sex reversal in M.albus, one of these studies says that this process based on genetic switch-mechanism which the differentiation and maturation of female germ-cells would cease then the epigenesis of male germ-cells and the interstitial Leydig"s cells started, this sexuality shifting from female to male involve the stimulation of some regulators and the mediation of biochemical components and physiological events and environmental factors might also play a role in this series of events [3]. In another study, it has been reported that M.albus undergoes reversal of sexfrom the female to male genetically which involve the expression of regulatory genes. The genes Sox9 and Sox17 might be responsible for regulatory genes in natural sex change, these two genes and other genes involved in sex determination, like DMRT1 [4]. It has been recorded that both cyp19a1a which was expressed in the gonads of female and male but it is higher in the ovary than testisand cyp19a1b which was expressed in all male tissues, but only in the brain and pituitary in the female, might involve in the natural sex reversal of M.albus via the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, but their exact roles have not been identified [5]. Moreover, it has also been demonstrated that the gonadotropin stimulation of cyp19a1a promoter activities is down-regulated in a male-specific fashion by epigenetic changes which include DNA methylation and histone modifications, leading to chromatin remodelling. The epigenetic control of cyp19a1a gene expression might have an important role in the gonad differentiation [6]. It has been elucidated that exposure of M. albus to Malathion cause reduce in the ovarian growth by decreased steroidogenic capacity of ovaries. Exposure to Malathion for long time might interfere with the process of natural sex reversal of M.albus. The gonads exposed to Malathion were found to be filled with atretic and abnormal follicles and partially completed degenerated testicular lobules was exist [7]. It has been concluded that the granulose cells in the ovary of M.albus and the interstitial cells of the intersexual and male gonads are the major places for the biosynthesis of oestrogens and androgens respectively, and that the intensive development of interstitial tissue with elevation in the steroidogenic enzyme activities at the intersexual and male stages was related to the increase of androgen level. The presence of 3P-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3P-HSD) positive interstitial cells in the ovary suggests that interstitial cell development might be before testicular lobule formation during natural sex reversal [8]. It has been mentioned that the fluctuation of sex steroids in the plasma levels of M. albus were associated with the maturation of the female and male sex tissues. In the prespawning period in female the androstenedione level increased while it decreased in the spawning period, unlike estrogen level which was higher, but the testosterone level remained same throughout the seasonal reproductive cycle in the female, during the postspawned/inactive period, the androstenedione level was the highest.

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A Comparison of Codified Traditional Systems of Medicine and the Non-Codified Systems of Medicine like Folk Remedies and Tribal Medicine_Crimson Publishers

A Comparison of Codified Traditional Systems of Medicine and the Non-Codified Systems of Medicine like Folk Remedies and Tribal Medicine by P Pushpangadan in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

I am a biology scientist and interested in Traditional systems of medicine like the codified classical systems like Ayurveda, siddha, Unani and Amchi and the non codified systems like the village remedies and folk medicine like Tribal medicine. I was the Chief Coordinator of the All India coordinated research project on Ethnobiology (AICRPE) which started by Ministry of Environment and Forest in the year 1982 and continued upto 1998 with 27 centers in all over India with about 600 scientist drawn from Anthropology, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Pharmacology both modern and the Traditional systems of medicine etc. It has generated many publications by Ministry of Environment and Forest Govt. of India. It gave an intepth study and analysis of the tribals of India (10 million) people living in rural and forested villages as well as in accessible place like high mountains and similar situation. It gave an excellent position for the administrators and politician to manage the tribals in the country.

  The masters of ancient Indian codified systems of medicine namely Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Amchi seemed to have an in depth knowledge and understanding about the delicate relationship between food, nutrition and medicine (health). They also had a clear understanding of the delicate cellular mechanisms of the body and the deterioration of the functional capacity of human beings. These ancient medical masters and developed certain dietary and therapeutic measures to arrest/delay ageing and rejuvenating whole functional dynamics of the body system. This revitalization and rejuvenation is known as the "Rasayan Chikitsa" in Ayurveda. It is specifically adopted to increase the power of resistance to disease and improve the general vitality and efficiency of the human being. "Resayana Therapy" is done for a particular period oftime with strict regime of diet and conduct. Rasayana drug are very rich in powerful antioxidants, hepatoprotective agents and immunomodulators. Rasayana is one of the eight clinical specialties of the Indian classical Ayurveda, aimed for the rejuvenation and geriatric care. Rasayana is not a drug therapy, but is a specialized procedure practiced in the form of rejuvenation recipes, dietary regimen and special health promoting conduct and behavior ie. "Achara Rasayana" Sushruta (1800 to 2000BC) while defining rasayana therapy says that it arrests ageing increase life span, intelligence and strength and thereby enable one to prevent disease. There are over 30-35 medicinal plants mentioned in different treatise of Ayurveda and Siddha having rasayana properties. The important among them are Sida cordifolia, S. cordata, Abutilon indicum, Tinospora cordifolia, Acorus calamus, Ocimum tenuiflorum, Withania somnifera, Emblica officinalis, Asparagus racemosus, Piper longum, Commiphora mukul, Semicarpus anacardium, Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa Chlorophytum borivilianum, Chlorophytum tuberosum and Dactylorhiza hatagirea etc.

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The Whole Truth about Coenzyme Q10 You May Not Find Elsewhere_Crimson Publishers

The Whole Truth about Coenzyme Q10 You May Not Find Elsewhere by Enno Christian Kurt Freye in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Objectives:  Numerous CoQ10 preparations are on the market of which however, very little is known about their bioavailability and most of all there is no information regarding their efficacy on the mitochondrial electrical transport chain, being the prime driver for ATP synthesis.

Methods: Aside from own experimental results, data from other papers were taken to evaluate various other CoQ10 formulations and their ingredients regarding bioavailability and their efficacy on the synthesis of ATP formation within the mitochondria.

Results: Two Q10 formulations (Greenspeed® and Q10 Revolution®) do demonstrate a substantial increase in bioavailability, while at the same time also increase the formation of ATP within the mitochondria. Contrary, other formulations, in spite of their higher bioavailability, they however lack any kind of conclusive data demonstrating an increase in ATP formation, being a necessary constituent in the overall function of cells. Also, the touted higher efficacy of ubiquinol has never been demonstrated conclusively, and some of the ingredients within certain Q10 formulations, do contain toxic substances just to increase bioavailability however, having a toxic side effect on mitochondria.

Conclusion: So far only two CoQ10 preparations (Q10 Revolution® and Greenspeed®) on the European market have demonstrated to have a sufficiently high bioavailability while at the same time also showing a significant efficacy on cellular function in regard to ATP synthesis.

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Laparoscopy Surgery for Colon and Rectal Cancer_Crimson Publishers

Laparoscopy Surgery for Colon and Rectal Cancer by Deep Goel in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Last two decades have seen some revolutionary changes in the field of surgery as a whole, and more so in abdominal surgery. This era has not only seen a quantum leap in instrument development, but also in its applications. Since Eric Mauhe [1] and Philip Mouret [2] did the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the late 1980's, Minimal Invasive Surgery has established itself as the preferred mode of treatment for most benign diseases. However, application of Minimal Invasive Surgery to gastrointestinal malignancies including colorectal cancers has been rather snail paced. I would like to discuss the era of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer in three phases. In early 90’s it was ridiculed because of high incidence of port site metastasis reported in the literature up to 21% [3]. In the mid 90's its use beyond trials was violently opposed. In the beginning of the new millennium it is said that short term advantages of laparoscopy are self evident as proven by most of the trials. So we have moved from a period where technical feasibility and oncological safety were a big concern, to a period where both these issues have been put to rest. Today the issue is whether laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer extends any long term oncological benefits in terms of overall survival or disease-free survival to the patient as compared to conventional surgery for colorectal cancer.

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Effect of St. John’s Wort on Wound Healing_Crimson Publishers

Effect of St. John’s Wort on Wound Healing by  Asuman Cobanoglu in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

St. John’s Worth, is an herbaceous medical plant. St. John’s Wort contains ingredients such as naphtobacrones, flouroglusinol, flavonoids, bioflavonoids and phenylpropanoids that promote wound healing process, with their antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. It is reported in the literature that St. John’s Wort showed its effect by accelerating proliferative phase, stimulating collagen synthesis and allowing transmission of fibroblasts to the injured region.

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Cowpathy: An Emerging Domain of Complementary and Alternative Medicine_Crimson Publishers

Cowpathy: An Emerging Domain of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by K Sumangala Bhat in Advances in Complementary &Alternative Medicine

Cowpathy refers to the concept of application of cow products for healing purpose. This has emerged as a new offshoot of the traditional Ayurveda of India. This system makes use of the major five products derived from cows for treatment of ailments. The five components employed in cowpathy healing system include milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd derived from the cow. Two variants of cowpathy are in practice today, the Panchagavya therapy and cow urine therapy [1]. Panchagavya is a product prepared using the above five components of the cow and is produced as liquid formulation as well as semisolid Panchagavya Ghritha formulation. The mode of delivery is either oral intake or topical application. The ancient Ayurveda literature like "Sushrita Samhita" and "Ashtanga Sangraha", have the reference of the preparation and medicinal applications of cow products [2]. Several individuals and organizations in India have revived this domain of healing during recent past. This approach succeeded in bringing positive impact on healthcare during the last few decades. Of course, the society is divided still now regarding the efficacy of these products. In order to end such controversies, the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), an autonomous Ayurvedic research organization of the Government of India has subjected the Panchagavya ghrita for its technicality and efficacy evaluation. The formulation has been legally endorsed based on the Ayurvedic classical texts and Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part I. The efficacy and safety/toxicity evaluation have also been confirmed by CCRAS [3].

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Clinical Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Aardhamatrika Basti in the Management of Madhumeha Janya Nadipratan Shotha w.r.t Diabetes Neuropathy_Crimson Publishers

Clinical Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Aardhamatrika Basti in the Management of Madhumeha Janya Nadipratan Shotha w.r.t Diabetes Neuropathy by  Ashish Mhatre in  Advances in Complementary &Alternative Medicine

Background: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common disorder and is defined as signs and symptoms of peripheral nerve dysfunction in a patient with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in whom other causes of peripheral nerve dysfunction have been excluded. It accounts for hospitalization more frequently than other complications of diabetes and also is the most frequent cause of non-traumatic amputation.

Objectives: To evaluate Clinical efficacy of Aardhamatrika Basti in the management of Madhumeha Janya Nadipratan Shotha w.r.t Diabetes Neuropathy.

Methodology: Aardhamatrika Basti was planned in order to have an effective and safe result. It is an observational clinical study with pre, mid and post test design, where 40 patients of DPN were randomly selected and subjected to Aardhamatrika Basti procedure for 16 days. Aardhamtrika Basti Contains Dashamoola Kashaya, Shatapushpa Churna, Saindhav, Madhu, Ashwagandha Taila.

Result: Result obtained with respect to the parameter Daha (burning pain), Chim Chimayan (tingling sensation), Suptata (numbness), Dourbalya (weakness in extremities) had showed statistically highly significant.

Conclusion: Aardhamtrika Basti presents a window of opportunity in the clinical management of Diabetes Neuropathy. Ideally this technique should be practically taught to the physicians and should be evaluated scientifically using principles of biophysics and nerve conduction studies.

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Antidiabetic, Lipid Lowering and Oxidative Stress Reducing Potential of Piper betel Leaves Powder in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats_Crimson Publishers

Antidiabetic, Lipid Lowering and Oxidative Stress Reducing Potential of Piper betel Leaves Powder in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats by Jaya Aishwaya  in  Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Aim: Diabetes mellitus is a major issue throughout the world, every fifth person is affected with it and its associated problems. The aim of the study is to see the effect of Piper betel leaves powder in glucose and lipid levels and oxidative stress on albino rats. It can be beneficial to cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. So, that Piper betel leaves powder was taken from bench to bedside.

Method and materials: Experimental method was used to analyze the therapeutic properties of betel leaves to investigate antidiabetic, lipidlowering and oxidative-stress reducing properties on albino rats. Each group contained six albino rats. Group A was control group which was fed with normal pallet rat’s diet. Alloxan and ammonium acetate were injected and high fat high cholesterol diet were orally fed to group B,C and D every day for 45 days. Piper betel dried leaves powder (150mg/kg body weight) was mixed into the diet and fed them daily. Statistical evaluation was done using mean, standard deviation and student’s't’ test. 'P' value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The results showed a significant difference at various levels in antidiabetic, lipid-lowering and oxidative-stress reducing properties as well as increased level of protein, albumin and hemoglobin in albino rats. No toxicity was found in rats and no side effects were seen.

Conclusion: Piper betel dried leaves powder 150mg/kg/body weight can be used as potential pharmaceuticals in above-mentioned diseases. Overall Piper betel leaves are beneficial for disease and its associated problems.

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Personalized Treatment Application in Integrative Oncology_Crimson Publishers

Personalized Treatment Application in Integrative Oncology by Christo Damyanov in Advances in Complementary &Alternative Medicine

The last 35 years statistical data show that the conventional treatment results are not relevant to the patients' survival rate improvement. The concept of standard oncology demonstrates a lot of disadvantages, which remarkably limit the therapeutic effectiveness. Recently a new approach appears to be more interesting: the so called "Personalized Treatment”. Hopefully, this is going to be the basics for achievement of better curable results. Molecular biology advancement has given the possibility of personalized treatment to be implemented. The use of chemo sensitivity tests gives the opportunity for anticancer drugs to be tested and each patient to be treated under personal combination. Another option for testing of anticancer drugs, food supplements and tumor sensitivity are Autonomic Muscular Tests (AMT). The American physician Dr. Omura [1] has elaborated and patented his own AMT (Bi-Digital O-ring Test-BDORT), which is used for diagnostics and treatment in cancer diseases. Since 2012 we have started to use chemo sensitivity test for circulating tumor cells (CTC) and modified version of Dr. Omura's [1] AMT. This article reflects our initial experience in usage of personalized approach in the treatment of cancer patients.

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It's Time to Stop the Pharmaceutical Industry from putting Profit ahead of Health_Crimson Publishers

It's Time to Stop the Pharmaceutical Industry from putting Profit ahead of Health by  Mohamed Elmasry in Advances in Complementary & Alternative Medicine

For the past century the global pharmaceutical industry has increasingly placed money ahead of human well-being. It began by researching natural remedies discovered by our ancient ancestors, then synthesizing the active ingredients in their labs, patenting the process... and now, making billions. A recent report reveals that "Big Pharma fat cats have taken to extreme measures to ensure their drugs keep getting prescribed, namely bribing doctors in continuing prescriptions.” Among them, American drug manufacturer John Kapoor (founder and former CEO of Insys Therapeutics) was arrested in October 2017 charged with conspiring to bribe doctors to needlessly prescribe the powerful drug Fentanyl against the best interests of their patients. Excessive prescription use and unprecedented street availability of opioids through organized crime have resulted in a skyrocketing overdose death rate in both the US and Canada. Opioids, notably Fentanyl, have created a new generation of addicts, many of whom abuse these drugs in combination with heroin, crack cocaine and other toxic substances.

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Merry Christmas and A Wonderful New Year!

May you feel all the love and joy throughout the day and all year-round. Sending you the warmest greetings of this festive season and best wishes for happiness in this New Year.

[crimson-archaeology]

Developing and Evaluating the Long Range Transportation Plan Using the Climate Change Protocol_Crimson Publishers

Developing and Evaluating the Long Range Transportation Plan Using the Climate Change Protocol by Praveen Maghelal  in Archaeology & Anthropology: Open Access

https://crimsonpublishers.com/aaoa/fulltext/AAOA.000513.php

Transportation sector is held responsible as the major contributor to climate change due to increased Green House Gas emissions resulting from excessive travel. Travel demand theory suggests that most travel is a result of the existing land uses. The regional planning council is responsible to develop the Long Range Transportation Plan (LRTP) that plans the development for existing and future 'transportation-land use' projects. However, no protocol has been developed to evaluate the LRTP, even when transportation sector is responsible for the CO2 and NO2 emission, two of the major GHGs. This study conducts a thorough review of existing protocols developed to evaluate the local, state, coastal, and climate action plans to develop a protocol that can help evaluate the awareness, analysis and action of the LRTPs for climate change for six metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) in Texas, US. This can help [1] provide important insight to develop policies and strategic approaches to deal with CO2 emission from transportation sector, [2] compare the actions and process of communities proactive about climate change issues with communities that aren't to provide policy recommendation and [3] standardize the plans to match the protocol thus helping the decision making stakeholders with policy formulation and inter and intra-governmental decision making.

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Correlation Problem in Quaternary Stratigraphy, Prehistrory and Archaeostratigraphy in India: Role of 75 Ka Toba Ash Bed Markers- Crimson Publishers

Correlation Problem in Quaternary Stratigraphy, Prehistrory and Archaeostratigraphy in India: Role of 75 Ka Toba Ash Bed Markers by  Acharyya SK in  Archaeology & Anthropology: Open Access

Quaternary sediments in India mainly occur in river basins that host fossil bones, stone implements. Quaternary stratigraphy has significantly improved in correlation status after the recognition of the 75 ka Toba Ash Bed Marker Older Quaternary sediments with reversed magnetic polarity have remained largely unstudied. Two gravel beds in Quaternary sequence can be biostratigraphically distinguished. The older is characterized by Mid Pleistocene fauna and it also includes the calvarium of Narmada man. A baby skull is human skull is also reported recently from Odai, Tamilnadu. The upper gravel and sand is characterized by extant vertebrate fauna and it also contains the Toba Ash Bed Marker. The gravel horizons are often undifferentiated due to non preservations of typical features.

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The Contribution of the Geotourism to the Sustainable Development: The Role of Geoethics- Crimson Publishers

The Contribution of the Geotourism to the Sustainable Development: The Role of Geoethics by  Julia Escorihuela in  Archaeology & Anthropology: Open Access

Geosciences have allowed society to appreciate that the geological landscape, geodiversity and geological heritage are important cultural values. However, the professional duties of geoscientists go beyond scientific knowledge and skills, due to the fact that ethics must be an important part of the professional responsibility of geologists. Thus, geoethics emerges as a response to this need, and in this geological context, the geotouristic activity has been proven to contribute not only to the sustainable development of a territory, but also to the training in the scientific and ethical values of the population. In this formation, the local geotourist guide is proved to be a key actor responsible of the effective transmission of knowledge and information. Moreover children are a stratum to be focused, because of the fact that they will be the future managers.

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