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Unlike the 13 colonies that united to form the beginning of the United States, Vermont existed as a separate entity. This former nation declared its independence in January 1777, but the Continental Congress did not recognize its independence due to conflicting claims over territory with New York. As such, Vermont remained outside of the United States.

Although many of its citizens fought against the British during the Revolutionary War, the Republic tried to rejoin the British Empire by offering to join the Province of Quebec. British terms were generous, but after the defeat of the British at Yorktown in 1781, it was clear that the way forward for Vermont would be as part of the United States. On March 4, 1791, Vermont became the 14th state with overwhelming support from both Vermont and the United States Congress.