Debating The christian Pastor and Presuppositionalist: Brian Browne Jr. â The Morality+ Debate against Sye Ten Bruggencate Apologetics
Recently, a pastor came to the page to challenge us and all non-christians with a morality argument. You can see it here:
https://www.facebook.com/ExposingReligion.HQ/photos/pb.187145274640747.-2207520000.1455851714./1058869477468318
The List and Kant argument against the moral argument for god:
Cockatrices (rooster-serpents that kill when looked upon), satyrs (men with goat legs), unicorns, dragons, the Nephilim Giants, the Leviathan, sea monsters, necromancers, zombies, witches with their witchcraft, wizards, sorcerers, soothsayers, diviners, 120-969 years old people (during a time when the average would be more like 20), monsters, fiery flying serpents, beasts with seven heads, Behemoth, extra-terrestrials, the Devil aka Satan and Beelzebub with his Hell, lake of fire, damnation, Sheol, Hades, Gehenna, Nether-World, hell-fire, brimstone, talking serpents, demons, angels, cherub, the talking burning bush, a talking donkey, the dead prophet whoâs body touched the bones of Elisha and was brought back to life, Elijahâs ascension into heaven in a fiery chariot, people made from dust, mass Incest, all that begetting, the magic tree of life and the magic tree of the knowledge of good and evil, 6,000 year old earth, dinosaurs coexisting with people (as if the Flintstone cartoon was documentary), Jonah (living in a whale for three days), the building of the tower of babel (which angered god so he mixed up their languages so they couldn't communicate), Slime for mortar, Pi = 3, Joshua making the sun stand still for hours, the walls of Jericho falling down at the sound of trumpets, staffs constantly becoming snakes, Flying people, 500,000 Israelites were slain in a single battle, Samson killing 1000 Philistines with a donkey jaw, Samson tearing a lion apart, Samson tearing down the temple with his bare hands and magic hair, Lot with his offering of his âvirginâ daughters to an entire town of angel rapers followed by the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (followed by his wife turning to a pillar of salt and his drunken cave incest with his own âvirginâ daughters), godâs 2 bears mauling 42 children to death for teasing, bones coming alive, angels rescuing prisoners, brides being swapped on their wedding day, two hundred foreskins paid to a king (double) to marry his daughter, Jacob putting branches of various design in front of his cattle while copulating (thus, genetically inventing streaked/speckled/spotted cattle), a battle scorpion-tailed/lion-teethed/horse locust plague (with human faces, womenâs hair, iron armor and crowns) that tortured people for 5 months straight, 200 million horsemen with lion-head and snake-tailed horses (that shoot fire, smoke and sulfur) killing 1/3 of the human race, Danielâs four beasts, slavery, torture, rape, human sacrifice, infanticide, war, genocide, cursing of the fig tree, raising Lazarus from the dead, driving pigs into the sea after infecting them with âdemons,â people magically parting an entire ocean, god transforming into a pillar of fire and a pillar of clouds, changing water into wine, walking on the water, a few loaves of bread and a few fish feeding thousands of people until they were full, Noahâs Ark, immaculate conception of the âvirginâ Mary, resurrected zombie worship by way of eating flesh and drinking blood, the trinity 1+1+1=1 godhead triune god, and sweet, baby, fictional, no-evidence, jesusâŠ.and that is the short list!
The only difference between the delusional and dishonest debate-tool that christians call "objective morality" and that massive list I just made, is that all those things are in the buy-bull while your "objective morality" is not. A lying German theist-philosopher, known as the sophisticated apologist, named Immanuel Kant, just invented the idea in 1781 to attack Atheists.
Here are some key quotes from the pastor. All of my replies will be in bold.
Why suffering exists in the world is the toughest question that I've ever faced. Your disdain for Yahweh has increased your blindness.
Without Yahweh, you can't even begin to define morality, never mind solve it. This issue deserves way more than "meme theology."
You realize that you have no philosophical or theological basis to even define justice, morality, psychopathy or greed. Your attempt to destroy the foundation for these things leaves your argument standing on air.
How do you know that allowing people to suffer is wrong? How do you know what justice is? What's your standard, and where did it come from?
In order to have objective morality, you need to have universally binding moral laws. You also need logic, which is another foundational necessity to make sense of moral laws. These are immaterial concepts rooted in the mind of Yahweh. He is the foundation for all morality.
How do you get binding universal, immaterial laws of morality and logic without Him?
*Logic is reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity. It is a particular system or codification of the principles of proof and inference. It is the quality of being justifiable by reason. Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a sensible way and using the Laws of thought, traditionally, the three fundamental laws of logic: (1) the law of contradiction, (2) the law of excluded middle (or third), and (3) the principle of identity.
http://www.britannica.com/topic/laws-of-thought
*How many times is the word âlogicâ mentioned in the bible?
*Morality is not binding at all. Morality is a choice for all people. We have freewill, while logic, knowledge, and many other aspects of the human psyche defeats the hypothesis of âhim.â
How do you get universally applicable morality from atheistic naturalism?
*You have introduced a strawman by suggesting that my morality is based on some label called "Atheistic Naturalism." When did I say this? Then you introduced a new term: "universally applicable morality." You need define and provide evidence for the existence of that term. Until then, you have asked a question with false premises and a strawman.
"Well, you can't have one without the other. Are you going to tell me what your foundation is?
If morality is not universally applicable, there is nothing binding us to it. Thus, any complaint against a particular moral position or action is subjective and futile. Why talk about injustice if you can neither define it nor enforce it?
So if morality is not universally binding, what's your foundation for calling corrupt mega-church leaders immoral? Based upon what?
*The most disturbing quote I have heard from you has been:
âAnd to answer your question about killing, any act is immoral that God has not sanctioned. Morality is dependent upon the nature and decree of God.â
*Letâs start from the beginning:
*Humans Are By Nature Social Animals
https://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/ca/books/bkf3/reviews/pdfs/LS_6_02_01.pdf
https://edge.org/response-detail/25395
http://www.aipmm.com/anthropology/2010/05/humans-are-social-animals-1.php
*How Humans Became Social
https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/social-change-21/sources-of-social-change-139/the-four-social-revolutions-761-3396/
http://www.wired.com/2011/11/humans-social/
http://history-world.org/paleolithic2.htm
http://public.wsu.edu/~taflinge/culture1.html
*Social Evolution is a theory that states that social traits are selected over time and gradually develop into behavioral or social norms. Social Evolution is very similar to Evolutionary Biology, in that particular traits are selected within individuals and over time patterns emerge. The primary difference between these two theories is that Evolutionary Biology focuses on the physical traits where as Social Evolution focuses on behavioral or cultural traits.
http://www.ehow.com/about_5382485_theory-social-evolution.html
*The difference between ethics and morals can seem somewhat arbitrary to many, but there is a basic, albeit subtle, difference. Ethics refer to rules provided by external sources like codes of conduct in workplaces. Ethics point to standards or codes of behavior expected by the group to which the individual belongs. This could be national ethics, social ethics, company ethics, professional ethics, or even family ethics.Â
Morals define personal character, while ethics stress a social system in which those morals are applied.
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Ethics_vs_Morals
*Overall, morality is a positive social construct that refers to an individualâs own set of personal but subjective principles or virtues that form a system of behavior concerning the distinction between right and wrong or standards of good and bad behavior.
Often times morality is put into 3 categories:
(1) moral standards, with regard to behavior.
(2) moral responsibility, referring to our conscience.
(3) a moral identity, or one who is capable of right or wrong action.
*Through Evolution, a very basic innate morality has been passed down. From there we must build upon and develop it. Thus, hopefully a personâs morality is constantly improving through Social or Moral Evolution. Morality, knowledge, feelings, ideas, perspectives, beliefs, etc, all evolve. They all change, hopefully for the better. I can demonstrate this easily by asking if you were born with all those things imprinted in your brain, exactly as they are today. The average person is mentally different and more advanced or sophisticated than when they were born. Hopefully you can agree.
*Everyone has their own personal developed morality. Morality is not binding and my morality is not binding on others. "Morality is doing the right thing, even if nobody is watching." Â
*Morality is taught by parents, guardians, teachers, friends, family, society, media, books, and television. Even fictional characters such as Optimus Prime, He-Man, Big Bird, and Mr. Rogers can contribute to the development of a person's morality.
*Morality is based on, grounded in, influenced, shaped, and guided by reason, empathy, sympathy, compassion, the âcause least harm principal,â the social contract, and the Golden Rule that predates judaism.
*Societies write judiciary laws of the land up to the Constitution to enforce agreed upon ethics and justice, but this majority opinion does not necessarily determine the morality of them.
*What usually determines if an action is moral or immoral, depends on how it affects or impacts others; this determination is not based on the views, judgement, beliefs, or opinion of any authority figure or even a majority, such as a society.Â
Additional ethical theories and principles that help shape morality:Â
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/indep/carainbow/theories.htm
http://www.iep.utm.edu/soc-cont/Â Â
http://www.iep.utm.edu/goldrule/Â Â
http://www.religioustolerance.org/reciproc.htm
*Hopefully everyone can agree that morality is different now in the 21st century than it was 6,000-200,000 years ago. In the past 200,000 years, has human knowledge changed? So has morality. Human morality only exists within human knowledge. Most aspects of morality is subjective and become collective in a human society. Principles that form morality are passed down to each generation. Just as we build upon human knowledge passed down in textbooks, we build upon morality. Most morality and knowledge is in a constant state of Evolution.
*With all this being said, genocide, murder, rape, and slavery are always objectively wrong and objectively immoral. These "terrible-4Ⳡactions adversely affect or impact others and are always contrary to everything that shapes and influences morality, as well as what it is based on, grounded in, and guided by.
*Imaginary friends, sky-daddies, and sky wizards are not needed to know that the terrible-4 is objectively immoral, in fact, yahweh/jesus actually commands them.
*Then the pastor asked me 10 mostly odd questions. My replies follow each:
1.)Â Â Â Â Describe your worldview in three sentences or less.
A1. I cannot. It is too complex.
2.)Â Â Â Â What's your epistemology?
A2. You will need to ask something more specific. We are debating morality. This is off topic. Can you formulate the question towards our topic?
3.)Â Â Â Â Are the laws of logic universal?
4.)Â Â Â Â If so, what's their source?
A3 & 4. This is the start of the TAG argument; off topic.
5.)Â Â Â Â If morality is human dependent, is it individually based, or based on forceful majority within a culture?
A5. Both, but I wouldnât call it âbased on forceful majority.â Morality can be guided, influenced, and shaped by society, but morality is a personal thing. Societies pass laws but those laws are not necessarily and specifically about morality.
6.)Â Â Â Â How do you know the answer to #5 to be true?
A6. I know the facts about my morality and the reality of how societies influence morality. Both are observable. My observation of this is not influenced by desperation to legitimize religion.
7.)Â Â Â Â Could you be wrong about everything you think you know?
8.)Â Â Â Â If so, how do you know anything?
A8. This is a neurological question. This is off topic. You began a morality debate. Why are most of your questions designed to change the subject, after refusing to answer on topic questions? Are you uncomfortable with the subject?
9.)Â Â Â Â If the universe is uncaring, why shouldn't people be?
A 9. The universe is everything. Everything cannot care or sing or dance or do jumping jacks etc. What kind of question is this. This is like asking "a rock cannot think, so why should you?"
10.)Â What is the air speed velocity of an unladen swallow?
A 10. What do you mean? An African or a European swallow? Just so readers understand, Brian Browne's 10th question was an actual joke (well, I hope so), and my answer was the correct one: https://youtu.be/liIlW-ovx0Y
*After the debate began he refused to answer questions. Â After some time of calling him out, he took to his blog to write up a 5 page response and requested a debate.
*I will go line by line and offer rebuttals to his lengthy blog response.
*On my page I said this: âI love when a theist gets long winded and writes me novels. I could feel myself salivating as I read your philosophy dripping psycho-babble and intelligent sounding word salads of empty assumptions after extraordinary presumption. I will have to wait until I am at my desktop to filet your comments. It will be enjoyable.â
Response to ExposingReligion's Questions About the Nature of Morality http://brianbrownejr.blogspot.com/
To begin responding, let me introduce where I am coming from. Â I am a follower of Jesus, the Messiah, the only true God, King of the Universe. Â
*I challenge you for evidence that this claim is true beyond your simple beliefs: âthe only true God, King of the Universe.â There have been over 3,700 âonly true godsâ in human history.
I am a Christian theist, Evangelical, Reformed, Baptistic, Charismatic. Â A good starting place for the description of my theology can be found in the London Baptist Confession of Faith 1689, EFCA Statement of Faith, most of the Reformed Confessions/Catechisms, and the Orthodox Creeds of the Christian Church. Â I am a husband, father, friend, son, brother, teacher, farmer, pastor, human.
*Thanks for clarifying that you are humanâŠlol
I believe God (Yahweh) to be the necessary pre-condition for any and all knowledge of anything, for rationality, logic, awareness, consciousness, thinking, morality, ethics, scientific inquiry. Â
*I challenge you for evidence that this claim is true beyond your simple beliefs.
I am a presuppositionalist in regard to discussing these issues, and to quote another presuppositionalist, Sye Ten Bruggencate, âwithout God, you canât know anything.â
*Atheists cannot know anything
http://wiki.ironchariots.org/index.php? title=Atheists_cannot_know_anything
*Presuppositional apologetics
http://wiki.ironchariots.org/index.php?title=Presuppositional_apologetics
http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Sye_Ten_Bruggencate
*Abridged Debate: Matt Dillahunty VS Sye Ten BruggencateÂ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8q0hxqdq8A
http://www.theaunicornist.com/2014/06/sye-ten-bruggencates.html
PZ Myers gives exactly the right response to âpresuppositionalistâ Sye
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/hallq/2012/04/pz-myers-gives-exactly-the-right-response-to-presuppositionalist-sye/?repeat=w3tc
Great 8 part series: Sye Ten Bruggencate's Presuppositional Apologetics Refuted - By KnownNoMore
https://youtu.be/hcDebJuWcww
https://youtu.be/_ho79R2T7yM
https://youtu.be/QH6k7Subzsk
https://youtu.be/-h2K6ePQ5p0
https://youtu.be/GAWSn9mB10A
https://youtu.be/140iMgPegsg
https://youtu.be/ZiysR-JCumg
https://youtu.be/FkcUvn-4z50
Incinerating Presuppositionalism - A Critique of Sye Ten Bruggencate
http://bahnsenburner.blogspot.com/2010/08/critique-of-sye-ten-bruggencates.html?m=1
http://katholon.com/ip/A_Critique_of_Sye_Ten_Bruggencates_www.proofthatgodexists.org.pdf
Matt Dillahunty Reviews his debate with Sye Ten Bruggencate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3TsyshlR_k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2QUj3HoLxk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xRDok0sZv4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_bt6VF8OFY
Proverbs 1:7-âThe fear of the Yahweh is the beginning of knowledge, fools despise wisdom and instruction.â
Colossians 2:2 and 3-In Christ are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
*Please list 10 âORIGINALâ pieces of wisdom that humanity has learned directly from jesus. These are things that were unknown to the human race prior to the 1st century.
Yahweh has revealed certain attributes of Himself to all humans, so that they know His divine attributes and power through what has been made in the universe and created order, and this knowledge of God, coupled with our rebellion (sin) against Him and His commands is sufficient to justify our condition of separation from God, which, if left alone, will continue into eternity. Â (Romans 1:18-32) (John 3:16-20)
*Romans 1:18-32 reminds me of Nazi propaganda. He spends half the time vainly bragging about how wonderful he is and the other half in this angry rant about his freewill ants not worshipping and licking his ass enough. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Romans+1%3A18-32
I call attention to these 7 lines:
âFor his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived
the glory of the immortal God
the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.
they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him,
did not see fit to acknowledge God
Though they know God's righteous decreeâ
*These passages remind me of this video: Playing God: The Loving Psychopath. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E15IC3YKv8g â Why would an all-powerful god be so obsessed with his ants bowing to him? Why would he need the constant praise and ego stroking from ants? Here is a cartoon that really captures his infantile pant-pissing desperate need of worship: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_G9awnDCmg
John 3:16-20 âFor God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son,â
Translation: god loves us so much that he planned us to torture and murder him posing as a human being.
âthe world might be saved through him.â
Translation: Saved from yahweh. He saved us from himself! This is an accomplishment?
âbut whoever does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only Son of God.â
*Here we go with infinite punishment for what is claimed to be a finite crime. It reminds me of the Hitch quote: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPD1YGghtDk John 3:16 is one of the most celebrated lines of christianity but I see it as disgusting.
Yahweh has also specifically revealed Himself through the Scriptures (The Bible) (II Timothy 3:16), and through the Incarnation, Life, Death, Burial, Resurrection, Ascension, Work and Teaching of God the Son, Jesus Christ. (Hebrews 1). Â
*2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness,
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Hebrews+1
*All scriptures have actually been written by anonymous men on anonymous dates. These men made the empty claims that they are writing for yahweh, with no evidence at all. Objective morality based on scripture is not god-breathed and therefore it is subjective.
Yahweh has graciously intervened in the futility and ultimate peril of human existence without Him, by pouring out His wrath and anger for the sin of those who would believe in Him on Jesus Christ while Christ was being crucified. Â
*Yahweh intervened against himself to prevent our peril that he was going initiate. This is the christian justice of murdering the innocent for the claimed guilty.
Because of Christâs death, Godâs wrath toward His elect was turned aside to Christ who bore our sins on the cross. Â
*How can god have wrath when he planned it all and always knew what was going to happen?
By rising from the dead, Christ defeated the power of sin and death, and those who place their faith and trust in His work have forgiveness of their sins, restored relationship with God, a renewal of their God-intended humanity, and the sure hope of eternal life. Â
*He âdefeatedâ death because he was god. Why would this be difficult for a god? Work? This would be work for a god? Why couldnât god just forgive without blood, torture, and murder? Torturing god in a human body made god so happy that it restored our relationship with him?
The act of believing in Christ is neither a purely intellectual assenting, nor does faith divorce one from the intellect. Â However, coming to Christ requires a changing of the mind, and a shifting of oneâs allegiance from self to Christ. Â To believe in Christ requires a re-birth, enacted by the Holy Spirit, and enabling a person to see the truth of the Gospel of Christ, and also the truthfulness of Godâs Word over the falsehood of oneâs belief in self, and self-righteousness. Â (John 3:3, 3:18-36)
*John 3:3 Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again."
3:18-36 https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+3%3A18-36&version=NKJV
I make my appeal to you to repent of your sin and rebellion against God, and place your faith and trust in Christ, the Savior of the world. Â Be reconciled to God. Â
*Again, he saved us from himself.
The consequences of an attempted at a life without Yahweh are dire.  Not only does eternal life vs. damnation hang in the balance, but also the fullness and meaning of this life.  Rejection of God ends up in ultimate futility and foolishness.Â
*Here we go with threats. This is terrorism. Believe or be tortured forever. If christians could provide evidence, everyone would just know and we wouldnât have to believe.
So, to the various forms of atheism, agnosticism, skepticism, rationalism, materialism, naturalism, non-theism, anti-religionsim, deterministic Darwinism, and the other applicable â-ismsâ I missed, you seem to be fixed in on making sense of the world, existence, humanity, justice, morality, ethics, politics, love, Â family, science, meaning, words, logic, and everything else that makes you human. Â Good. Â You should be. Â However, when you do that,
you are using the intellect that can only be made sense of because you are made in the image of God, and so are all other humans, and God upholds rationality, logic, the uniformity of nature, and the inherent value of human life. Â Without the God that youâre fighting against, all of these things either fall apart, or become unknowable (ultimately), and thus, futile.
*I challenge you to provide evidence that your god is needed or responsible for any of those things.
Before I get to my responses to ExposingReligionâs questions, know that I am operating on the assumptions above. Â They are my starting point. Â My axioms. Â
*Just for the readers, an axiom is a statement or proposition that is regarded as being established, accepted, or self-evidently true. A presuppositionalist may assume an axiom.
I donât arrive at a belief in God. Â I start with one. Â
*Yes, it is the exact opposite the scientific method which is a method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. When conducting research, scientists use the scientific method to collect measurable, empirical evidence in an experiment related to a hypothesis (often in the form of an if/then statement), the results aiming to support or contradict a theory. A presuppositionalist begins with a presumed or assumed conclusion, usually due to brainwashing as a child. As an apologist, they attack everything conflicting with their empty/blind conclusion, such as knowledge, facts, common sense, word definitions, history, evidence, Science, Scientific Method, logic, rationality, reason, and reality.
Know also, that you are operating on the many (not all) of the same axioms that I am, however, youâre supposed rejection of them belies your actions when you expect answers, expect logic to hold, believe in the wonders of physical laws and the usefulness of the scientific method, assume humans are valuable, and assume that life has meaning and purpose. Â
*I wouldnât say that I believe in physical laws and the Scientific Method. I know about them. Also, I know humans are valuable, and I know that life has meaning and purpose. These things donât take beliefs and assumptions as you believe and assume. As a self-proclaimed presuppositionalist you have to just believe a conclusion.
Probably most glaring of all, through Godâs revelation, a person can know certain things for certain, because an all-powerful Creator could reveal truth to a person. Â
*So the readers know, revelation is the claimed divine or supernatural disclosure to humans of something relating to human existence or the world that was previously secret or unknown. This kind of revelation from god is just a claim without evidence.
*The Satan revelation argument:
*Fictional jesus referred to Satan as âthe ruler of this worldâ (John 12:31), and Paul calls him âthe prince of the power of the airâ(Ephesians 2:2), and âthe god of this worldâ (2 Corinthians 4:4). Satan is one of the most intelligent and powerful beings in the universe, thanks to yahweh. It wouldn't take much for him to had written the bible and all holy books of all religions. It wouldn't take much for him to fool you, especially since he is a shapeshifter who can influence freewill. How do you know you are not worshipping Satan posing as yahweh? How do you know it isn't Satan who you are experiencing revelation from?
"The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt." -Bertrand Russell
However, if no such being exists, we are left with our own chemically combined consciousness that is admittedly flawed, and in some cases, wildly delusional. Â How can an atheist trust their own rationality, when A.) It is admittedly flawed, and B.) An atheist must rely solely on their rationality to process their own rationality, and the reliability of their own rationality?
*This is a Sye Ten Bruggencate word game: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoBUdwfQFX4
There are many rationalists on this thread, demanding logic, reason, and evidence. Â Good for you. Â
*A presuppositionalist is an apologist who came to the understanding that their religion is in opposition to logic, reason, and evidence, so they attack those things and the non-christians with preset word games that are confusing for an average person or someone who does not know their strategy.
Realize, that when you start with atheism, you have no rational basis to assume that logic holds, to assume that logic existed before humans (if not, itâs not universal), that the laws of physics will hold tomorrow, that the uniformity of nature has held and will hold, that youâre sane, that humans have inherent value, that laws (including the Constitution or any other democratically derived basis for law) have any intrinsic value, that rights actually exist, or that evidence is actually required to prove something to be true. These are all assumptions. Big olâ fat faith-based assumptions, that you canât use empirical evidence to prove. Â Â
*Intrinsic means belonging naturally or essential. Intrinsic values are ethical values or rights that exist as an intrinsic characteristic of a particular thing or class of things simply because of their existence. Also known as inherent value.
*He claims that it is an assumption to have requirements of evidence to prove something to be true; this comes from a presuppositionalist. The base of his worldview is presumption. Synonyms for presume: make assumption; believe http://www.thesaurus.com/browse/presume
*Laws of physics vary throughout the universe, new study suggests
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100909004112.htm
http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my_weblog/2014/05/other-universes-may-operate-under-vastly-different-physical-laws-todays-most-popular.html
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2056018/Laws-physics-change-depending-universe.html
This is how atheism is self-defeating, among other ways. Â If youâre going to use rationalism or other empirical methods to criticize a worldview, to be consistent, youâve got to use them on your own.
*Atheism is not a worldview. It is the knowledge that theists donât have evidence and because of this, they have an absence of belief in the existence of any gods.
Specifically as regards morality, because as I write this, it is clear by the piles and piles of people entering the thread that what you perceive as atrocities in the Bible seem to be your biggest hang up, I will say again, that without God, you canât define morality. Â
*We will take a look at this claim later.
In order to do so, you have to assume the laws of logic, assume the inherent value of humans, assume a cohesive sense of right and wrong (otherwise, what are you appealing to?), assume the universe speaks to us in terms of what we ought to do, assume that somehow if you could determine this, that these âoughtsâ are necessary for humans, and assume they wonât change tomorrow. Â
*None of that has to be assumed. Nobody assumes, says, or thinks the âuniverse speaks.â He makes this claim.
Molecules in motion, dancing star-dust, and neurological conglomerations have no authority. Â
*Authority is the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience. How can molecules, star-dust, and molecules give orders to us? This is almost as silly as claiming that a sky-wizard does.
If you want to argue that societies have authority through violent coercion, you might be consistent with Naturalism, but you cannot argue for moral imperatives that way. Â
*When you say imperative, do you mean of vital importance and crucial or giving an authoritative command; peremptory?
*This is not my position: âsocieties have authority through violent coercion.â
If violence determines moral authority, than anything violent becomes moral, or moral order prescribed through violence also becomes moral. Â Thus, your argument for a non-violent approach to society, or kindness, empathy, compassion, human dignity is defeated. Â It falls apart. The terms atrocity, right, good, respect, all break down if not rooted in an Universal Moral Authority, namely, Yahweh.
*Yahweh is the most violent and immoral fictional character and god ever invented by man. You have refuted your own claim that morals are rooted in an Universal Moral Authority, namely, Yahweh.
Imaginary jesus was the ultimate sinner and according to the fictional bible, he ranks #2 on the all-time list of murderous dictators for killing the most people in human history
http://exposingreligionblog.tumblr.com/post/12581227686
Yahweh rules with fear, threats, torture, and violence.
http://skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/feargod.html
Exposing the immorality of christianity and their fictional jesus
http://exposingreligionblog.tumblr.com/post/21898121829
âI will make my arrows drunk with blood, and my sword will devour flesh--the blood of the slaughtered and the captives, and the heads of the enemy leaders."' âGod
One of my favorites: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Deuteronomy+13
1. When you have freewill how can anything truly be binding?
Iâm not sure that youâve defined free-will, but in theological terms, there are two ways to take this term. Â First, as a comment on how one is able to believe in Jesus Christ, in which case, I would say that that sort of free-will does not exist in the way we think it does, and that only through the regeneration of the person through the Holy Spirit can we come to an ability to choose to place our trust in Christ for our salvation. Â (John 8:34-38)
But in terms of agency or the contingency of second causes as the LBC1689 calls it, it is clear that humans have an apparent cognitive agency by which they make choices. Â However, even when we decide to do things such as eat Lucky Charms or type or play video games, we are bound in many ways. Â First, we are bound by Godâs sovereign control over the universe. Â We are also bound by the laws of physics, by the limitations of our reasoning. Â We are bound by the chemical composition of our bodies, by our nature as humans. Â We are bound by our finiteness, our understanding, our patience levels, personalities, proclivities, heritage, birth conditions, families, nationalities, exposures, etc. Â And so it is with our morality. Â We are bound by our human nature as it intersects the image of God in us. Â God is the moral authority of the Universe. Â Free will counts for nothing compared with the sovereignty of God.
*Iâm not sure what that rant was. If you believe in yahweh, humans either make their own general choices or god makes them for us. Which is it? You danced around this easy question.
2. How do you know what your god sanctions?
We know both the nature of God, and His requirements of us through general revelation and specific revelation. Â In the first instance, all humanity knows that God exists, is personal, is powerful through what is made. Â We also know, though in a corrupted way, what He requires of through our consciences. Â The calibration of our consciences can only come through regeneration through the Holy Spirit as we learn specifically what God requires of us through Scripture, and become obedient to it through the power of the Holy Spirit. Â
*Is âThe calibration of our consciences can only come through regeneration through the Holy Spiritâ code for brainwashing?
*Do you personally talk to god? If so, is this just in your head or do you see him physically as well?
*You claimed: âthrough Scripture, and become obedient to it.â All scripture and god commands or do you cherry pick the orders of your unchanging god? Have you seen the holy casper?
3. How does god decree morality?
God has decreed His moral code in a summary form in two ways: The 10 Commandments, and The Greatest Commandments, namely, âLove the Lord your God with all your heart, soul and mind, and Love your neighbor as yourself.â Â Â
*Yes, this is in Luke, Matthew, and Luke, although they have 3 versions of who says this to who. Originally, this is from the Old Testament. They are just restating the verses from judaism.
Luke 10:27 (The Parable of the Good Samaritan) "And he answered, âYou shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself.â ~unknown lawyer, talking to jesus
Matthew 22:37-39 And he said to him, âYou shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment. 39 And a second is like it: You shall love your neighbor as yourself. ~jesus, talking to a lawyer
Mark 12:29-31 Jesus answered, âThe most important is, âHear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one. 30 And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.â 31 The second is this: âYou shall love your neighbor as yourself.â There is no other commandment greater than these.â ~jesus, talking to a scribe
Also, John 3:23: âAnd this is His commandment: that we believe in the name of His Son, Jesus Christ, and love one another as He commanded us.â The fuller version can be found in a proper understanding of all of the commands and instructions of Scripture. Â
*Yes, for some reason, the Johns repeat those lines 6 times:
1 John 3:11 For this is the message you heard from the beginning: We should love one another.
1 John 3:23 And this is his command: to believe in the name of his Son, Jesus Christ, and to love one another as he commanded us.
1 John 4:7-8 âDear friends, let us love one another, for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. Â Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love.â
John 13:34 "A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.
John 15:12 This is my commandment: Love each other in the same way I have loved you.
John 15:17 This is my command: Love each other.
Romans 12:10 âBe devoted to one another in love. Honor one another above yourselves.â
*These are nice little corn nuggets in the crap of 2,000+ negative verses.
Many of the readers would do well to understand the proper tools and mechanisms of interpretation (hermeneutics) of Scripture. Â
*Oh, the ones that almost all christians have been disagreeing on and debating for over 1600 years? If you have the proper tools, share them with fellow christians.
Your errors in misunderstanding the biblical issues of slavery and genocide are glaring, and theyâre your strongest attempts at discrediting the Bible.
*No, I can discredit the bible on every front and in all aspects. I would love to debate you on bible slavery, murder, genocide, infanticide, torture, rape, and almost every other atrocity known to man that you god commands or encourages.
Evidence: The Bible (Old & New Testament), Qur'an, Hadith and many other Bronze-Age Religious Scriptures are the most Barbaric, Savage, Violent, Repulsive, Disgusting, Immoral, Unethical and Evil Fictions That Men Have Ever Written
http://tmblr.co/ZTwOHxQavI-c
4. How do you know the nature of god and what is the nature of god?
God must reveal to us His nature, being the only Being with ultimate knowledge.Â
âonly Being with ultimate knowledge.â What is the evidence for this?
So, not to be flippant, but we know this through His revelation. Â Namely general revelation (the created order), Scripture, and through the Incarnation of Jesus Christ.
*How do experience and know revelation from your god? How do you know it is him? Satan is many times more intelligent than a human. How do you know these are not revelations from Satan and he is not the author of the bible. Yahweh made Satan the god of this world and allowed him the power to influence humans. How many does Satan kill, according to scriptures? He seems like the good guy in the fairy tales. Yahweh has you justifying and moralizing slavery, murder, genocide, infanticide, torture, rape, and almost every other atrocity known to man. This is a very logical question. Â
5. Justice is defined by state and federal laws up to the Constitution. The judiciary system in place, and many governmental agencies and departments have enforced our laws for thousands of years. You claim that our laws have not been enforced?
I reject the premise that justice is defined by state and federal laws. Â These are reflections of our concepts of justice, but surely you donât believe that all laws are just, do you? Â Without God, you have no definition of justice to start with. Â It becomes as flimsy as hair styles, whatever is popular is just. Â Law, in order to be ultimately meaningful, and not simply whimsical, must be based in proper understanding of Godâs Law as applies to society. Â If the law reflects Godâs justice it is just. Â Laws can be unjust and immoral. Â The question for you is how can you tell the difference? Â If you are arguing for whimsical morality, go for it. Â If majority rules, and might makes right, youâve given up on morality. Â Itâs whatever. Â
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NuJoC7Lz6SI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWAUhadJzTk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1zIwUiQ2Yk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LWh6-Zyj4E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1BzP1wr234
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmhFniUTQIE
Morality in the Real World (podcast index)
http://commonsenseatheism.com/?p=11626
*According to christianity, a christian Hitler could be in heaven if he repented, but his jewish victims are in hell burning.
6. Tell me where your manner foundation is.
Iâm going to guess you mean âwhat is the nature or manner of the foundation that you base morality upon.â So, I think Iâve answered it above. Â
*No, what is the foundation for you manners?
7. Please give 10 examples of "objective morality" and please list the universally binding moral laws.
I really meant Exodus 20. Â Itâs the 10 Commandments. Â
*Why Exodus 20 and not 34?
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%2034
Donât worship false gods, donât create idols to worship, donât use Godâs name in an irreverent way, honor the Sabbath, honor your parents, donât murder, donât commit adultery, donât steal, donât bear false witness, donât covet your neighborâs possessions.
*Do you follow the commanded punishments for breaking almost any of them?
*The bible commands death for breaking any of the 10 commandments. This truth should be posted wherever they are mandated to be displayed.
http://exposingreligionblog.tumblr.com/post/27383853328
*So the 10 commandments are "objective morality" and the universally binding moral laws?
*Do you have a link for that claim or evidence?
8. List the bible verses that discuss logic in depth.
Proverbs 1:7-âThe fear of the Yahweh is the beginning of knowledge, fools despise wisdom and instruction.â
Colossians 2:2 and 3-In Christ are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.
These are pretty deep. Â There are more like it. Â Some similarly worded. Â
*Brian, did you just purposely answer this question with stuff that has nothing to do with the question? I do not see the word logic in those 2 verses. I see 2 words that near the ballpark. All they say is fear god who has all the knowledge and wisdom hidden. This is just mentions of words, and the wrong words. There is no depth of discussion of logic in any way; not even close.
The quality of having experience, knowledge, and good judgment; the quality of being wise.
The soundness of an action or decision with regard to the application of experience, knowledge, and good judgment.
Facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
Logic is reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity. It is a particular system or codification of the principles of proof and inference. It is the quality of being justifiable by reason. Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a sensible way and using the Laws of thought, traditionally, the three fundamental laws of logic: (1) the law of contradiction, (2) the law of excluded middle (or third), and (3) the principle of identity.
9. What is the evidence that objective morality is rooted in the mind of yahweh and he is the foundation for all morality?
The evidence is both that Yahweh has revealed Himself (see above), and that without Him, it is impossible to have certainty or cohesion about anything like morality. Â
*He ârevealed Himself.â HOW?
*Excuse me, I asked what is the evidence that objective morality is rooted in the mind of yahweh and he is the foundation for all morality? You simply said âwithout Him, it is impossible to have certainty or cohesion about anything like morality.â This is an empty proclamation. What is the direct and specific evidence of this claim? It seems that you just make up stuff and never seem to have any justifications, evidence, or logic behind much.
10. Is slavery, torture, rape, murder, and genocide moral if your god says so?
More importantly, without God, how do you know these things to be immoral? Â God provides the necessary pre-conditions for calling something immoral. Â Atheism does not, nor any other non-theistic worldview. Â If youâd like to posit a theistic worldview that you hold to, Iâd be happy to debate between that one and mine. Â However, atheism can provide no objective basis to call something immoral. Â
But specifically: If you want a biblical perspective, youâve got to figure out if the Bible is your authority. Â If not, Iâm not sure why you care. Â
If so, then each of these deserves a thorough study, not a pithy passing over. Â Many practices are mentioned in the Bible that arenât sanctioned, many are tolerated that are not ideal. Â Many horrible things are used by God as judgment on people. Â Many horrible things are used by God as a refining or discipline of His people. Â Some people suffer and curse God, others suffer and rejoice in His comfort. Â If you want to do a careful study of each one in the Bible, we could do that when you make the Bible your authority. Â
However, to claim that somehow a human can have an admittedly self-generated standard of morality that could possibly be superior to a Sovereign God is illogical at best.
*Again, this is another long-winded refusal to answer an easy question. I already read a similar answer by you on this. You said âAnd to answer your question about killing, any act is immoral that God has not sanctioned. Morality is dependent upon the nature and decree of God.â It is strange how you refused to answer a more specifically stated question this time. Do you believe in Divine command theory?
 *Whenever I hear someone talk like this I think of the movie Frailty:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVD7-1YNqOY
http://www.amazon.com/Frailty-Bill-Paxton/dp/B0088C2VWC
*Can slavery, torture, rape, murder, and genocide ever be right to do and moral?
11. If you are not moral, what does it matter where you think morality comes from?Â
It matters according to my worldview. Â But only if you comport your thinking to the reality that Yahweh is the source of it. Â Thinking doesnât make it so. Â Comporting to the mind of God does. Â Â Â According to your worldview, I have no idea why it would matter at all.
*Exactly, if you already pretend to know or believe that my morals are meaningless, why would it matter where they came from? Â Â
12. Can a person be moral without yahweh?
No. Â They canât even exist without Him. Â But could they be moral without claiming to believe in Him? Â Certainly, because they are made in His image, and only when their morality comports with His revelation. Â
*If a person follows the 10 commandments and all of godâs rules and expectations, always 100%, but doesnât believe in god, can that person be moral?
13. Please answer the questions from the meme.
A.)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â If I could snap my fingers and prevent starvation, I would have to take into account all of the other aspects of existence and determine what was the most loving, true and just thing that I could do to demonstrate my glory. Â
*What if your partner, kids, and entire family were dying from Smallpox and you could snap your fingers and prevent it, would you? Would you care more about your glory in this situation, like the first scenario of saving 35,000 babies and kids?
http://carrington.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/small-pox-770x392.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Child_with_Smallpox_Bangladesh.jpg
http://www.immunize.org/photos/smallpox-photos.asp
B.)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Churches should spend less money on extravagant things, and more on relief of the poor. Â I can justify that biblically. Â From an atheistic perspective, I canât fathom why one would think there is some kind of imperative to use money a certain way. Â
*Atheism has nothing to do with what a person does about anything.
C.)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â My God does exist. Â He is sovereign. Â He does as He wishes. Â He is good. Â
*He does stuff like this:
http://tmblr.co/ZTwOHx1RN7WIN
Just know, if youâre able to hear whatâs being said here, that Iâm interested primarily in people coming to know the truth of the Gospel. Â This is not necessarily the most welcoming venue for discourse or intellectual discussion, but if youâre here, you must be interested in truth, meaning, and the purpose of existence. Â The way I see it, youâve got two choices: futility or fulfillment. Â
*I offer freedom from the fraud of christianity and all the evidence needed to help your recovery from the virus.
Youâve got the god of your mind, or the true God. Which worldview justifies morality, which one dreams it up. Â Apply the scrutiny to your own worldview that you do to mine. Feel free to message me to talk further. Â Ryan Kephalas, thanks for your civility, it was quite refreshing and encouraging. Â Now to listen to your host.
*All of the 3,700+ are false. Why would people scrutinize reality?
Before a theist can argue for god-based moralities, they have to provide evidence that their god exists. Until this is done, the morality debate cannot even begin. In over 1,600 years, christians havenât been able to produce one shred of real evidence. This is why they now go to these âargumentsâ for the existence of god, like the moral argument. They have no evidence so they have to resort to something. This is the best they can come up with.
God-based moralities are not universal because they are different between different religions and even different within different sects of the same religion. Not only that, even morality in the same religion changes over time. Usually this causes more sects to arise. This is why there are like 40,000 sects of christianity.
Objective morality does not exist. It is a contradiction or catch 22. Morality is in a personâs mind and in order to be objective, it could not be influenced by personal feelings or opinions. Feeling and opinion is exactly what fills the mind of a human being. We are not androids. Personal feelings are exactly what is needed for morality. Empathy, compassion, and sympathy are some of the most important factors that morality is based on, grounded in, influenced, shaped, and guided by. Without a real foundation of feelings of real humanness, we cannot develop an honest morality. Religion twists everything that makes us human to make us weapons against ourselves.
The delusion of objective morality is immoral. It can cause calamity, injustice, and war. Two sides with subjective beliefs think they have objective and divine ideas and try make each other obligated to the other. They try to force their morality and make their morality binding on others. It is a foundation of instability and unrest. This delusion of objective beliefs runs contrary to everything that real morality is.
The laws of planetary motion have mountains of evidence and mathematical proofs. Christians just made up the "laws of transcendent objective morality" or LOTOM. This law isn't in Scientific journals or math textbooks. They cannot show a mathematical equation of LOTOM or provide empirical evidence. They cannot show how LOTOM came to be with evidence. They just make empty and unsubstantiated claims about LOTOM. They cannot produce evidence that god is the basis of LOTOM, and cannot refute that their god is immoral; therefore it cannot be the basis of morality. Nobody can do this.
The foundation of christianity was built upon humans torturing and murdering god's human avatar (jesus). This barbaric human sacrifice of an innocent person for the claimed crimes of others, is the justice of christianity. The bible god loves torture and in christianity, torture is loved. Look at the "Passion of the christ" smut movie. Most of it was bloody torture and the closet christian sadists, got off on it. It broke tons of box office records.
The Symptoms of Religion: How is Religion Bad For Your Health and Mental State? Highly Religious People Lead in Almost All Negative Statistics
http://tmblr.co/ZTwOHx7c3w2Q
Christianity is the most immoral religion and world-view ever created. Their leaders, history, policies, scriptures, and their imaginary god is pure evil.
https://www.facebook.com/ReligiousFreeYouth/photos/a.369574363144971.1073741825.113040882131655/353178061451268
This is why they try to make the moral argument.
True morality starts from inside and we use everything outside to shape it within ourselves.
Here is a list of videos, articles, and books that support my positions about morality:
"What makes something right or wrong?" Narrated by Stephen Fry - That's Humanism!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tpL1K8ZqrU
"How do we know what is true?" Narrated by Stephen Fry - That's Humanism!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yk5IWzTfWeM&ebc
"How can I be happy?" Narrated by Stephen Fry - That's Humanism!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tvz0mmF6NW4
Stephen Fry's Emotional speech in a debate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1SJ6AV31MxA
~Hitchens DEMOLISHES the Catholic Church
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAxgnd8mYr0
~Matt Dillahunty: The Superiority of Secular Morality
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cq2C7fyVTA4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjbdWGre370
http://freethoughtblogs.com/almostdiamonds/2015/05/08/what-are-morality-and-ethics-dan-fincke-on-atheists-talk/
http://www.skepticink.com/tippling/2015/04/24/dan-fincke-on-moral-objectivity/
https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2014/09/08/dan-fincke-responds-to-me-claiming-morality-is-objective/
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/camelswithhammers/2014/09/objective-human-flourishing-a-first-response-to-jerry-coyne-about-ethics/
http://danielfincke.com/empowerment-ethics/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zz3_X31gSU
~Robert Wright: The evolution of compassion
https://www.ted.com/talks/robert_wright_the_evolution_of_compassion?language=en
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbH-KN3geRQ
https://www.google.com/search?q=Jesse+Prinz&oq=Jesse+Prinz&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i59j0l4.1198j0j4&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8#q=Jesse+Prinz&tbm=vid
https://philosophynow.org/issues/82/Morality_is_a_Culturally_Conditioned_Response
http://subcortex.com/MoralityInnatePrinz.pdf
http://www.amazon.com/Emotional-Construction-Morals-Jesse-Prinz/dp/0199571546
https://ndpr.nd.edu/news/23584-the-emotional-construction-of-morals/
http://philpapers.org/rec/PRITEC-2
http://faculty.fullerton.edu/jeelooliu/480%20(Moral%20Psychology)%20folder/480%20Handout%2017_Prinz_Emotional%20Basis.pdf
Science Can  Answer Moral Questions | Sam Harris | TED Talks
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hj9oB4zpHww
Sam Harris- Christian Morality
https://vimeo.com/100065750
Sam Harris - Morality and the Christian God
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-i3mX0YRrjM
SAM HARRIS (April, 2014) "The New Science of Morality"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEUniL5BMyI
Bill Nye, How Are Ethics and Morals Related to Science?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNbAk7FVb5M
http://bigthink.com/videos/steven-pinker-defines-morality
http://www.faculty.umb.edu/adam_beresford/courses/phil_281_11/reading_moral_instinct.pdf
http://richardcarrier.blogspot.com/2011/03/moral-ontology.html
What Exactly Is Objective Moral Truth?
http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/4498
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQFsEU66gxU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRdTye3cHFI
A Confutation of both Sam Harris and Richard Carrier on Science and Morality
http://www.centerforinquiry.net/blogs/entry/a_confutation_of_both_sam_harris_and_richard_carrier_on_science_and_moralit/
Humanist Matters Dr. John Shook | Theist Dr. David Baggett
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pV6ez6QwGGQ
~Peter Singer - Ethics, Evolution & Moral Progress
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91UQAptxDn8
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/morality-located-in-brain2.htm Â
http://www.wiringthebrain.com/2011/06/where-do-morals-come-from.html Â
An Evolutionary Theory of Right and Wrong
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/31/health/psychology/31book.html?scp Â
Aristotle thinks that virtue is largely learned (acquired through habituation).
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/evolmoral.html
https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-nature-nurture-nietzsche-blog/201005/did-morality-evolve
http://phys.org/news/2010-05-professor-complex-evolution-human-morality.html
https://aeon.co/essays/morality-evolved-but-it-isn-t-fixed
https://newrepublic.com/article/116200/moral-design-latest-form-intelligent-design-its-wrong
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/04/the-biological-basis-of-morality/377087/
http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/98apr/bio2.htm
http://www.iep.utm.edu/evol-eth/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution_of_morality
http://www1.umn.edu/ships/evolutionofmorality/text.htm
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/morality-biology/
Moral Sentimentalism Reprint Edition by Michael Slote
http://www.amazon.com/Moral-Sentimentalism-Michael-Slote/dp/0199975701
http://philpapers.org/rec/SLOMS
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-sentimentalism/
The Moral Animal: Why We Are, the Way We Are: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology by Robert Wright
http://www.amazon.com/The-Moral-Animal-Evolutionary-Psychology/dp/0679763996/
The Good Atheist: Living a Purpose-Filled Life Without God by Dan Barker
http://www.amazon.com/dp/1569758468
Atheism, Morality, and Meaning (Prometheus Lecture Series) by Michael Martin
http://www.amazon.com/Atheism-Morality-Meaning-Prometheus-Lecture/dp/1573929875
Ethics Without God - Kai Nielsen
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0879755520
Practical Ethics 3rd Edition by Peter Singer
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0521707684
Life, Sex and Ideas: The Good Life without God by A. C. Grayling
http://www.amazon.com/dp/0195162528
The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values by Sam Harris
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B003V1WT72
The Evolution of Morality (Life and Mind: Philosophical Issues in Biology and Psychology) by Richard Joyce
http://www.amazon.com/Evolution-Morality-Life-Mind-Philosophical/dp/0262600722
An Introduction to Evolutionary Ethics 1st Edition by Scott M. James
http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Evolutionary-Ethics-Scott-James/dp/1405193964
Evolutionary Origins of Morality: Cross Disciplinary Perspectives 1st Edition by Leonard D. Katz
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/090784507X
Braintrust: What Neuroscience Tells Us about Morality by Patricia S. Churchland
http://www.amazon.com//dp/0691156344/
Moral Origins: The Evolution of Virtue, Altruism, and Shame by Christopher Boehm
http://www.amazon.com/Moral-Origins-Evolution-Virtue-Altruism/dp/0465020488/
Primates and Philosophers: How Morality Evolved (Princeton Science Library) by Frans de Waal
http://www.amazon.com/Primates-Philosophers-Morality-Evolved-Princeton/dp/0691141290/
http://www.academia.edu/195427/Martha_Nussbaum_and_the_Foundations_of_Ethics_Identity_Morality_and_Thought-Experiments
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-ethics/
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/morality.html
http://www.notable-quotes.com/m/morality_quotes.html
http://en.proverbia.net/citastema.asp?tematica=785
http://www.ranker.com/list/notable-and-famous-morality-quotes/reference
http://www.decision-making-solutions.com/ethics_quotes.html
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