The Marcus Garvey Library Special Collection and the African-Caribbean Collection at the Marcus Garvey Library
1. Who Was Marcus Mosiah Garvey?
Marcus Mosiah Garvey (1887-1940) was a renowned Jamaican writer, anti-racist, social and political justice crusader, publisher and journalist.
His passion for social and political activism is said to have been triggered at an early age by his love of books, a love fostered by his father and god father and he made full use of the extensive family library. This love of reading and knowledge formed the core of his activism and is reflected in some of his most famous quotations such as “A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots” and “Intelligence rules the world, ignorance carries the burden...” He became an inspirational figure for later civil rights activists.
On August 7 1987 a foundation stone was laid by his son, Marcus Garvey Junior at I Philip Lane to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Marcus Garvey and the library bearing his name was finally opened 1993 at the same location.
2. The Importance of the Marcus Garvey Special Collection and African-Caribbean Collection
The Marcus Garvey Special Collection forms the core of those books designated as the African-Caribbean collection in the library. In order to celebrate the relocation of the library from Tottenham High Road to Philip Lane the decision was taken to make the Marcus Garvey Special Collection the core of an African-Caribbean collection and the book stock at the new library. The books in the Marcus Garvey Special Collection were initially donated by the Jamaican High Commission. Over the years the collection has come under various names which have caused some confusion. For example it was also known by residents as the Robert Hill Collection after the writer who edited important archival papers by and about Marcus Garvey.
It was also recognised that the library would be the ideal location for the Marcus Garvey Special Collection and African-Caribbean collection because of the heavy use of the library’s books and services by Black communities in the borough. Both the Black and Black British and Asian and Asian British active borrowers are overrepresented in comparison to the catchment area population as a whole, and there was more than double the proportion of Black or Black British active borrowers than in Haringey as a whole. Therefore the library has a key role in extending learning and information to members of the community on matters ranging from the civic to the domestic, supporting library members wishing to be informed citizens, as well as equipping library users with the knowledge and confidence to modify and make changes in their own individual lives and society.
In the 1990’s funding available from central government enabled the Council to recruit librarians who had responsibilities for the various ethnic groups in the borough; that is for the creation of diversity posts. These librarians were responsible for a budget dedicated to their community within the borough. Thus the Marcus Garvey Special Collection and African-Caribbean collection became the responsibility of the African-Caribbean Librarian. When this government funding ran out, these diversity posts were fully integrated into the main library service, but the librarians still retained responsibility for their communities. A budget was approved from the Book Fund and therefore the Marcus Garvey Collection was recognised as being part of the African-Caribbean budget and then later part of the overall Marcus Garvey Library budget with some annual boosts for Black History Month etc. From now on, how effectively the collection was curated or protected was dependant on the enthusiasm and knowledge of library staff and members of the community, rather than on any specific Council policy.
3. The African-Caribbean Collection or Black Triangle Collection.
As already mentioned above, the Marcus Garvey Special Collection forms the core of the African-Caribbean collection which consists of at least 500 books. Over the years this collection has come under various names which have caused confusion. For a long time it was described as the Marcus Garvey Collection and is now designated as the African-Caribbean collection. For some time it was also known as the Black Triangle Collection by librarians because the books were labelled with black triangles. Symbolically this label was probably a reference to the triangular trading system of the transatlantic slave trade which operated from the late sixteenth to early nineteenth century. Therefore, many of the books in this collection focussed on the historical, social and historical causes and outcomes of this terrible history. The collection was curated by an experienced librarian and linked to other collections in other public libraries in London during the period when books could be borrowed from other library authorities and the British Library, and all the U.K. libraries had responsibilities for certain areas of the Dewey System. This was a way of ensuring a broad stock in the public libraries that could be accessed by all residents.
The original Black Triangle Collection was enhanced by donations from other libraries and institutions. For example, Middlesex University donated more than two hundred books. The Council also made a donation from the collection to the Caribbean Centre in Wood Green.
Some of the books in the collection were extremely valuable as they were one-off editions.
4. The Sale of Books from the Marcus Garvey Collection/African-Caribbean Special Collection
In the summer of 2015, without any community consultation, books from the Marcus Garvey Collection and African-Caribbean Collection were put on sale for 25 pence each prior to the closure of the library. Those on sale included one off editions, reference works and collector’s items.
Once readers found out what was happening they started taking pictures of the books being sold-off and launched a Twitter campaign to alert the rest of the community to what was happening. Some of the books on sale had the familiar black label which designated that the book was part of the Marcus Garvey Collection.
Readers who protested to librarians were informed that the Council was only selling off books which had not been taken out for at least five times the previous year, although reference books were also included in the sale. The Friends group felt that this was an action which reflected a lack of knowledge of how the collection is used by many members of the local community. Census information makes it clear that Tottenham as a borough suffers from a great deal of overcrowding Many people prefer to use books from the collection as reference because they do not have always have a lot of space available to use them at home.
5. Freedom of Information Request.
On November 13, 2015 the Friends of Marcus Garvey Library submitted a Freedom of Information Request to Haringey Council. The Council said that the Special Collection consisted of only twenty books, and during the sale no books had been sold from that collection. They also said that in the African-Caribbean Collection, 398 books had been “edited” out and now have the status of “withdrawn.” As the edited books were being sold off for 25 pence each, the Council made a profit of £99.50 from the selling-off of 398 books. On August 30, 2015, the day the library closed down; there were 578 books in the African-Caribbean Special collection. However because the Council have brought new books (383) according to their calculations there are currently 961 books in the African-Caribbean collection. However we have no idea how the Council made their decisions to edit the original collection, whether the new books brought were fiction or non-fiction books, what their priorities when choosing new books were and whether they replaced any of the reference books sold off.
Of concern is the fact that discussions with retired and ex-librarians have contradicted some of the information from the Council. We have discovered that not all the books in the African-Caribbean Collection were put onto the new computer system when it was set up. Therefore many more books in the library designated as being part of the African-Caribbean Special Collection were not included on the computer system and therefore would not be included in the figures produced by the Council in our Freedom of Information request.
What is clear from the Freedom of Information request we made to Haringey Council is that the Council are now treating the Marcus Garvey Collection, (i.e. books by and about Marcus Garvey) as the only important part of the collection. They are neglecting to make it clear that it forms the core of the much larger African-Caribbean Collection and that you certainly cannot have one without the other. They appear to want us to believe that the collection consists of only twenty books. Below are two pictures showing the covers and inside of a book by Paul Oliver, Songsters and Saints.
It was brought for 25 pence during the summer 2015 period and clearly contains the familiar black Marcus Garvey Collection label, yet it is not a book about or by Marcus Garvey; it is a book about vocal traditions within American music. Yet, if we are to believe the Council, it was not been included in the twenty books which the Council now says makes up the official Marcus Garvey Collection. In effect, the Council are treating what they currently designate as the African-Caribbean Collection as not being an integral part of the Special Collection and we would like clarification from them on why they are doing this.
Other residents and library users brought copies of books which contain this library label, so there is plenty of evidence available to show that the Council were selling off books from this Collection.
6. The Future of the Collections
At the community consultation event organised by the Friends of Marcus Garvey Library in February 27
2016 at Tottenham Town Hall, it was decided that despite all the pain of the past events it was important for us to move forward and support the Council in order to ensure the maintenance and enhancement of the collections for future generations, particularly because of the seismic social and political events currently taking place in London, Europe and the world. More importantly, it was felt that these collections should not only be maintained, but that they should have pride of place in the library when it reopens. London is still an international and world city. The reality is that Africans and members of the African Diaspora, along with other ethnic groups are increasing and not decreasing in number in the city; therefore the Friends of Marcus Garvey feel that Haringey Council, because of its location is being rather parochial in making the decision to maintain merely a “small heritage collection” in the library when it reopens.
For many years the history of slavery was marginal to mainstream intellectual and historical interests. It was generally treated as a distant phenomenon, something that unfolded in Africa, the America or the Caribbean. Today, historians are recognising the centrality of slavery in U.K history and the modern world. The Marcus Garvey Library is unique amongst public libraries in the United Kingdom because its stock of books was originally curated with the purpose of bringing this forgotten history to the forefront of historical discourse, enabling readers to participate in the on-going contemporary global and political conversation on matters still inextricably linked to this past.
The decision was made to set up a small subgroup made up of local residents with knowledge of the collection, to work with the Council and their librarians. For the future it was felt that more information needed to be obtained from the Council about the collection. For example, about the amount and type of books in the collections, how decisions were taken about the books that were included and edited out, did they have a list of the books they sold off, whether with regard to black history, culture and politics the Council had regard to any type of canon or classics of the literature?
If you have any comments on the above information or believe any of it to be incorrect please get in touch with us so that we can put it right. The Friends of Marcus Garvey Library are still building up information on the Marcus Garvey and African-Caribbean collections and regard our work in this area as an on-going research project. All the information above has been gleaned from attendees at the workshop at the February community consultation event, library users and retired and ex-librarians with knowledge of the collections, and we are grateful for all the help and support they have given us.
Friends of Marcus Garvey Library












