A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is the integration of computers and robots with the physical/human systems to deliver capabilities that improve function and efficiency. An example of a CPS is the self-driving car. This type of car enables safer driving, better traffic management and also frees up humans to perform productive activities during travel. Other examples are robots deployed along with humans in manufacturing, drones used in combat etc.
A PDP or Physical-Digital-Physical loop is an interactive process that captures data from various sources in the physical world, digitizes it for analysis, visualization and decisions which is then fed back into the physical systems to deliver improved operations, outputs and results.
This can also be summarized as Physical-Digital phase where information is digitized, Digital-Digital phase where the digitized information is analyzed and Digital-Physical phase where the analysis is actioned in the physical system. The last phase is very crucial, completing the cycle and delivering the true Industry 4.0 transformation.
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