Barlow was born and raised in Sublette, Wyoming in 1947. He graduated from Wesleyan University in 1969 and moved back to Wyoming soon after. He raised cattle until 1988 and wrote songs for the Grateful Dead from 1971 to 1995. A unique experience to say the least. In May of 1998 he became a Fellow at Harvard's Law School's Berkman Center for Internet and Society. He assumed this fellowship though he graduated from Wesleyan with an Honors degree in Comparative Religion.
In 1990 Barlow co-founded the Electronic Frontier Foundation, or EFF, with Mitchell Kapor. The Foundation is focused on the digital world and protecting the rights of people in this world. Under his biography it says that Barlow was the first to recontextualize the word "cyberspace" for the digital world.
EFF offers services such as counseling on how to protect your digital life and looks to be in a battle against such organizations as NSA and their surveillance programs. Currently he writes about the issues of rights on the internet and in 1995 he wrote the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace which has been featured heavily around cyberspace.
A list of his essays, songs, and interviews may be found here.
Barlow is now retired and lives primarily in a small town in Wyoming, 75 miles from the closest streetlight. He also lives in New York City, San Francisco, On the Road, and in Cyberspace. He has addresses and phones numbers available for all physical places as well as a personal 800 number and an overseas phone.