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Ancient Chinese Characters Preserved in Cantonese - 嗌

嗌 Cantonese: Jyutping [Aai3] [Ngaai3] 

To scream / to shout

This character was found in the Han Dynasty, although it meant throat in Old Chinese. 《說文解字·口部》:咽：嗌也。

(Shuowen Jiezi)

In Mandarin, the newer character 喊 is used to mean scream.  In Cantonese 喊 means to cry (sob).  

Ex:  a) Literal:  大聲嗌 [Daai6 Seng1 Aai3] (Crying out loud) 嗌到沙聲 [Aai3 Dou3 Saa1 Seng1] (Losing one's voice due to screaming) b) Figurative:  嗌佢落來食飯 [Aai3 Koei3 Lok6 Lai4 Sik6 Faan6] (Tell him / her to come down and eat (to the effect of "give him/her a shout") )

Cantonese <> Mandarin 大聲嗌         =  大聲喊 (Dà shēng hǎn) 嗌到沙聲     =  叫到嗓子沙啞 (Jiào dào sǎng zi shā yǎ) 嗌佢落來食飯   =     叫他/她下來吃飯吧 (Jiào tā xià lái chī fàn ba)

See ctext entry for 嗌 for the full historical dictionary entry.

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Ancient Chinese Characters Preserved in Cantonese - 着

着 (著) Cantonese: Jyutping [Zoek3 / Zoek6] 

many meanings, including to wear (Zoek3) , to apply (Zoek6)

This character is used in variety of ways and compounds.  I will discuss using it as a stand-alone verb.  In Cantonese it means to wear. 《三國志·荀彧傳》:時鼓吏擊鼓過，皆當脫其故服，易着新衣。

(Three Kingdoms)

Japanese Kanji  着 着ている        [ki te iru] to wear 着物               [kimono] Kimono (literally thing to be worn)

Korean Hanja  着 (착) 着服 (착복)               [Chakbok] clothes 着服하다 (착복하다) [Chakbok Hada] to wear clothing

In Mandarin, the character 穿 is used.  In old and middle Chinese, 穿 only meant to penetrate, to pierce.  

Ex:  a) Literal:  着新衫 [Zoek3 San1 Saam1] (Wear new clothes) 着唔落啦 [Zoek3 M4 Lok6 Laa3] ((Clothing) Won't fit anymore) 着睡衣落街 [Zoek3 Soei6 Ji1 Lok6 Gaai1] (Walk on the street wearing pajamas) b) Figurative:  着草 [Zoek3 Cou2] (To flee, to evade capture, lit: wear grass (improvised grass-weaved shoes)) Cantonese <> Mandarin 着新衫         =  穿新衣 (Chuān xīn yī ) 着唔落啦     =  穿不下了/ 不合身(in writing) (Chuān bú xià le / Bú hé shēn ) 着睡衣落街  =     穿著睡衣跑大街 (Chuān zhe shuì yī pǎo dà jiē ) 着草             = 跑了(if the context is understood) / 開溜 (sneak out) (Pǎo le / kāi liū) *NB: 著 in Mandarin's 穿著睡衣 indicates present continuous (the "ing" in wearing) and has nothing to do with clothes.

See ctext entry for 着 for the full historical dictionary entry.

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Ancient Chinese Characters Preserved in Cantonese - 企

企 Cantonese: Jyutping [Kei5] 

to stand

The character is derived from a person with an exaggerated toe. This character meant to stand in old and middle Chinese, at least as early as the Han Dynasty. 《孔子家語·曲禮子貢問》:先王制禮，過之者俯而就之，不至者企而望之

(Words of Confucius)

It is conserved in standard Chinese in modern times in compounds such as  企鵝 (penguin) and 企業 (corporation).

In Mandarin, the newer character 站 is used.  In old and middle Chinese, 站 meant long-standing, or stationary.  

Ex:  a) Literal:  企喺度 [Kei Hei Do] (stand right there) 行行企企 [Haang Haang Kei Kei] (wandering about / standing around(doing nothing)) 企定定 [Kei Ding Ding] (Stand still) b) Figurative: 我企都無定企 [Kei Do Mo Deng Kei] (There is no place for me) Cantonese <> Mandarin 企喺度   =   別動 (Bié dòng) 行行企企 =  愣著沒事幹 (Lēng zhe méi shì gàn) 企定定  =     站穩 (Zhàn wěn) 我企都無定企 = 這裡容不下我 (Zhè lǐ róng bú xià wǒ)

See ctext entry for 企 for the full historical dictionary entry.

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Ancient Chinese Characters Preserved in Cantonese - 搣

搣 Cantonese: Jyutping [Mit9] Revised [Mit1] 

pinch, peel, tear (apply force with one's fingers) Ex:  a) Literal: 搣你面珠 [Mit Nei Min Zyu] (pinch your cheek) 妖,搣爛啦 [Jiu, Mit Laan Laa] (Damn it, you are tearing it apart!) 搣橙皮 [Mit Caang Pei] (Peel orange(s)) b) Figurative: 搣甩你舖賭癮啦 [Mit Lat Nei Po Do Jan Laa] (Rid yourself of addiction to gambling) Cantonese <> Mandarin 搣你面珠   =  捏你的臉 (Niē  nǐ  de liǎn) 妖,搣爛啦  =  幹,撕破了 (Gàn,  sī  pò  le) 搣橙皮  =      扒橙皮 (Bā  chéng  pí) 搣甩你舖賭癮啦 = 戒掉你的賭癮吧 (Jiè  diào  nǐ  de dǔ  yǐn  bà) 搣 is found all the way back in 說文解字 (Shuowen Jiezi) the first Chinese dictionary written 100-121AD in the Eastern Han Dynasty.  Its pronunciation is preserved in modern Cantonese.  See ctext entry for 搣 for the full historical dictionary entry. Ex:　https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mUzwYYbAGs

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