#sort of incorrect as lungbarrow and heartshaven are on the other side of gallifrey (south) whilst prydos and riff city are in the north #still really pretty tho!!! (via @rassilonsleftbollock)
Counter-argument: all four of those locations are canonically based around Mount Cadon and near the equator.
We know from Hell Bent that the Barn, presumably based on Lungbarrow's estate, is in view of the Capitol, so can't be that far away, despite ostensibly being in the South hemisphere (per State of Decay et al.) while the Capitol is in the North (per The Infinity Doctors). Hence, it is very likely that both exist very close to the equator, just on the North/South side of it. This is supported by Lungbarrow itself too, which tells us that the House, while being in "the Southern Ranges", overlooks the river Cadonflood, which presumably flows from Cadon. This implicitly would put Cadon in the Southern Ranges too:
'The House of Lungbarrow used to stand on the slopes of Mount Lung in the Southern Ranges about two days from Rassilon's Rampart, which was built to keep out the marauding Shobogans in the third century after Rassilon's death. The House overlooked the river Cadonflood which flows…'
It also tells us that the House is "two days from Rassilon's Rampart". While the method of travel isn't 100% clear, I would assume it has to be walking on foot, as even on Earth one could easily travel to even distant destinations much faster by plane. This is reflected in the choice of scale for the distance between Lung and the Capitol in the map, allowing for Time Lord physical capabilities / reduced sleep requirements. I assume Rassilon's Rampart is the wall around the Citadel, since that matches the description. We also know from The Infinity Doctors that the Citadel, as implied by its name, was built as a defensive structure, which matches this. A distance of 60 miles or so seems to make sense in this regard, which is relatively reasonable based on the view of the Capitol we get in Hell Bent, given how big it is (fun fact: while it's obviously CGI and not necessarily consistent, I actually used camera FOV numbers with an approximation of the Citadel's height to try and estimate the distance of the Capitol in this shot, which helped me get to that number).
(Interesting to note, this implies a couple of days may have passed during the opening events of Hell Bent, unless Twelve was able to receive a lift from someone, maybe whoever he was in contact with to get those reinforcements? cough-cough-Brax-cough)
Meanwhile, in Day of the Doctor's version of this location, you can actually see the slope of a very large mountain in the background, behind the nearest mountains. I personally take this as being the slope of Mount Cadon behind Mount Lung.
(However, i will note that, as I mentioned in the original post, I actually think this shot may be better interpreted as facing south, based on things like the DOTD novelisation and the Barn's orientation in Hell Bent. That didn't go into the current version of the map, but may be used in the future, so feel free to discard the above paragraph as evidence if you want. If this is the case, these mountains would instead actually be a view of the Southern mountains across the Drylands)
The Scarlet Empress also supports the view of Lungbarrow, while being in the "Southern Mountains" not really being deep into the Southern Hemisphere beyond the bounds of the civilised Capitol region, where the Gin-Seng Cats and Iris originate from:
The Doctor half listened as [Iris] described a life in the southern hemisphere of Gallifrey, which he knew very little about. And yet it seemed familiar, this wintry, fabulous vista she painted, in an oblique sort of way. All the while his eyes raked over the walls and ceiling of that raftered parliament, searching out a means of escape.
This is also supported by descriptions of the likes of the House of Ixion, which represents the southernmost point of Time Lord civilisation before the actual southern part of the mountain range:
There’s nothing beyond this outpost but the southern mountains, and nothing
in the mountains but hermits and feral cats.
I specifically imagine the range extending deep to the south (these would be those mountains Ten describes in Gridlock, for example), but technically reaching north enough to include Lung and Cadon. I also reckon we got a glimpse of this range of mountains as part of the mindscape in Power of the Doctor, if we theorise that the landscape is meant to represent the Drylands, a bit like how Lungbarrow itself appears as the Illogical House representing the Doctor's past:
If you include The Three Paths (which I didn't in this map, as has been discussed in the post where I showed off the earliest version of it), then Mount Lung and Cadon are literally one and the same! While I don't go with that idea here since Annihilation and other stories contradict it, headcanoning a slightly different connection between the mountains, it does add another way that Lungbarrow can be near Mount Cadon. It also states that the Capitol is within view of Lung/Cadon, to the North:
At the Academy, they’d called this place Cadon; in the family home, Lung; in the legends of unhappened days it was called something else again. Far below, to the north, he could see the Capitol lights. He was home.
Speaking of evidence contradictory to The Three Paths, Gallifrey: Annihilation (on a different Gallifrey, but given Prydon's conclusions in regard to Romana are correct, we can assume the Prime Gallifrey reflects this) makes it clear that Lungbarrow isn't on Cadon per se. However, it does explicitly state that Heartshaven is:
PRYDON: I'm detecting a hint of Mount Cadon, unless I'm mistaken, so that rules out the houses of Goodlight, Warpsmith, and Lungbarrow. Hm... so we're looking at either Firebrand or Heartshaven.
Prydon narrowing in on it, however, suggests to me that the other Houses he mentions aren't far from Cadon, just not on it, hence why I depicted all those Houses as being nearby, which also matches all the implications that Lungbarrow isn't far from Cadon, like the Cadonflood line above.
We don't have much in the way of sources for Prydos and Riff City, so we'll probably have to rely mostly on descriptions of the Prydonian Academy, since both sources I'm aware of referencing them indicate the Academy is located there. The Garden of Evil quite clearly sets the Prydonian Academy as being in, or at least near, to Prydos and Riff City.
Meanwhile, though it's deliberately written quite ambiguously, Gallifrey: A Rough Guide states the Prydonian Academy is in Prydos, and/or may be found on the slopes of Mount Cadon. It implies this is separate from its location in Prydos, but I see no reason to consider these locations mutually exclusive:
On Cadon's slopes, you might find the Prydonian Academy; if you missed it in Prydos City, that is.
In regard to Cadon, this line cites Timewyrm: Revelation, which indeed states:
They say that no two snowflakes are the same. But nobody ever stops to check. Above the Academy blew great billows of them, whipping around the corners of the dark building as if to emphasize the structure's harsh lines. Mount Cadon, Gallifrey's highest peak, extended to the fringes of the planet's atmosphere, and the Prydonian Academy stood far up its slopes.
Lucifer Rising also places the Prydonian Academy on Mount Cadon, and explicitly describes it as being in, or at least bordering, Southern Gallifrey. Given the ambiguity of where "Southern Gallifrey" actually starts, we could interpret this as either being in the North or South hemisphere, though it seems quite likely to be around the equator regardless. Technically it slightly contradicts Timewyrm: Revelation, placing the Academy closer to the base, but I think we can just take this as a sign of how big Cadon is, that "far up its slopes" can still be near its base:
Acedoctorbernice turned on her heel and left, only looking back when the dirty linoleum became softer and rose up beneath her feet, but all he could see was the tiny blue flowers which carpeted the slopes of Mount Cadon, their long stamens waving gently in the breeze as they searched the air for un-wary lizards, flicking back in momentary alarm as Doctorberniceace climbed past them, returning to their search within moments as their small vegetable memories forgot that anything had disturbed them. Down at the base of the mountain, where its slope blended gradually with the arid plains of southern Gallifrey, the Prydonian Academy erupted in ebony splendour
Finally it's worth mentioning that the sector of Prydonia, as used in this map, comes from Gallifrey: Arbitration, where it is said to be in the South (or at least south of the Capitol and Mancipia?). It thus makes sense to me that the similar named Prydos would be there too, likely as a sort of 'capital' to the region, which would also contain many of the major Prydonian houses, including Heartshaven and Lungbarrow.
In all seriousness though, thanks for the compliment and critique ^_^.
Yeah, not everything fits 100% perfectly - see the "Three Paths" discussion we all had on the first iteration of this map - but I've done my best to take a "best fit" approach to all of the information available, including with regards to the North/South Gallifrey stuff. It was nice to provide a bit of an example of my reasoning here.
I am actually curious where Prydos / Riff City being in the North as you say comes from, as I don't think I've come across that? Is it from taking the Time Academy and Prydonian Academy to be the same location? I personally treat them as distinct, albeit connected on an organisational level, with the Prydonian Academy controlling a Prydonian College within the Time Academy. I will point out, however, that even if there isn't a seperate Prydonian Academy, the above sources would still place it not that far from Lungbarrow given the Capitol's proximity.
While researching this I did actually notice one possible issue, which is the placement of the ruling House Prydon on Mount Cadon. I assumed this would be the case, given Prydos and the Prydonian Academy's location, but Lungbarrow describes the "Prydon Chapterhouse" as being in the Capitol. I guess this isn't necessarily a contradiction, as the Chapterhouse may just be the general headquarters of the Scarlet Chapter, rather than the ruling House itself, but it is a small strike against my interpretation. I do think I stand by it though, since my placement also works well with Annihilation, with Prydon's vampire base seemingly being on Cadon (him not mentioning House Prydon in the above quote either due to his own familiarity with it, or it not existing due to the point of divergence in the timeline).
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