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System Endocrine: How Pituitary Gland and Pineal Activation?The pituitary gland is often called the master gland because it controls several other hormone glands in your body, including the thyroid and adrenals, the ovaries and testicles. It secretes hormones from both the front part (anterior) and the back part (posterior) of the gland. Hormones are chemicals that carry messages from one cell to another through your bloodstream. If your pituitary gland is not producing sufficient amounts of one or more hormones this is called hypopituitarism.

The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assisting in the removal of metabolic wastes. In humans, the heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest

Total Cholesterol, LDL, HDL and How Cholesterol Blocked Blood VesselCholesterol plaques can be the cause of heart disease. Plaques begin in artery walls and grow over years. The growth of cholesterol plaques slowly blocks blood flow in the arteries. Worse, a cholesterol plaque can suddenly rupture. The sudden blood clot that forms over the rupture then causes a heart attack or stroke. Blocked arteries caused by plaque buildup and blood clots are the leading cause of death in the U.S. Reducing cholesterol and other risk factors can help prevent cholesterol plaques from forming. Occasionally, it can even reverse some plaque buildup.

What is cholesterol? Understanding CholesterolCholesterol is a fat-like substance in the body. It is produced by your body and also found in food. While it is needed for good health, too much cholesterol can damage your arteries and increase your risk of heart disease. About 75% of the cholesterol in your body is produced by your liver; the rest comes from the food you eat. Cholesterol is carried in the blood by lipoproteins. The main types of lipoproteins are high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). HDL cholesterol is known as 'good' cholesterol. This is because HDL helps to remove cholesterol from your arteries by carrying cholesterol back to your liver for disposal.

Understanding Diabetes Mellitus and Effect on The Heart and Blood VesselsDiabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.

Signs and Symptoms of HypertensionBlood pressure is the amount of force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries as it flows through them. When this pressure reaches high levels, it can lead to serious health problems. In the United States, approximately one in every three adults has high blood pressure, which equates to about 75 million people, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Without treatment, high blood pressure, or hypertension, can lead to grave health conditions, including heart failure, vision loss, stroke, and kidney disease.

Step by step Cross Bridge Cycle of Muscle ContractionThe sliding filament theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction based on muscle proteins that slide past each other to generate movement. It was independently introduced in 1954 by two research teams, one consisting of Andrew F. Huxley and Rolf Niedergerke from the University of Cambridge, and the other consisting of Hugh Huxley and Jean Hanson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was originally conceived by Hugh Huxley in 1953. Andrew Huxley and Niedergerke introduced it as a "very attractive" hypothesis.

Muscle Contraction MechanismMuscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle fibers. In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length such as holding a heavy book or a dumbbell at the same position. The termination of muscle contraction is followed by muscle relaxation, which is a return of the muscle fibers to their low tension-generating state.

What is a Meiosis?Meiosis is a special type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them. This process occurs in all sexually reproducing single-celled and multicellular eukaryotes, including animals, plants, and fungi. Errors in meiosis resulting in aneuploidy are the leading known cause of miscarriage and the most frequent genetic cause of developmental disabilities.

Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms, Causes, and TreatmentsDiabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by inherited and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. Such a deficiency results in increased concentrations of glucose in the blood, which in turn damage many of the body's systems, in particular the blood vessels and nerves.

What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms include cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and diarrhea or constipation, or both. IBS is a chronic condition that you'll need to manage long term. Only a small number of people with IBS have severe signs and symptoms. Some people can control their symptoms by managing diet, lifestyle and stress. More-severe symptoms can be treated with medication and counseling.

Taking Care of Your BracesPrepare to brush. Take off elastics and any other removable parts of your orthodontic appliance.Clean your braces. Hold your brush at a 45-degree angle to clean around the wires and pins of your braces. Brush from the top of each wire down to the bottom. Take your time to ensure that all plaque and debris are removed, and that you work all the way around upper and lower teeth.

Macrophage and Immune SystemMacrophages are a type of white blood cell that are part of your body's defense mechanism and also part of the immune response in asthma. They are made in your bone marrow. When a foreign invader, like bacteria, enter your bloodstream, macrophages secrete certain substances in a battle to help kill the bacteria.

Why are we all getting fat? Everyone knows some people who can eat ice cream, cake, and whatever else they want and still not gain weight. At the other extreme are people who seem to gain weight no matter how little they eat. Why? What are the causes of obesity? What allows one person to remain thin without effort but demands that another struggle to avoid gaining weight or regaining the pounds he or she has lost previously?

Embrasures : Evaluating Coronal Contours (Dental Anatomy and Physiology)Facial, lingual, incisal or occlusal and gingival embrasures are formed by the interproximal contact of adjacent maxillary teeth. In general terms, the V-shaped spaces that are the embrasures should follow a harmonious pattern. For instance, the gingival embrasure form may have a signifivant effect upon health of the gingival papillae. This animation demonstrates a harmonious relationship of the anterior and posterior embrasure form. It present a method for viewing incisal or occlusal, gingival, facial and lingual embrasures.

Dynamic Occlusal Relationships (Maxillary

Dynamic Occlusal Relationships (Maxillary & Mandibular Dental Anatomy and Physiology)

As noted in the mandibular movements section, a significant portion of the posterior-superior aspects of the plane diagrams represent occlusal contacts between maxillary and mandibular teeth. Anterior-posterior movements of the mandible, as well as lateral movements create a potential for tooth contacts. The animation in the section demonstrate paths of mandibular movement pertaining to the functional occlusal surfaces of the teeth

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