@kholexcx I had a whole answer written out for you about the Toltec and West Mexico. But I tried saving the post as a draft while I tried to understand why my 75 page West Mexico bibliography on Google Doc was apparently deleted. By the time I found an archived version on the Wayback Machine and made a new Google Doc, my draft was apparently not saved by the Tumblr app it is now lost. So, I have switched to my laptop and will try and remember what I wrote.
I took a screenshot and reblogged this because I want more people to see what I am about to write in case they don't check the comments. My intention isn't to at you or call you out.
One of the interesting things about West Mexico is how the idea that the Toltec were some sort of dominating force in Mesoamerica collapses under the weight of scrutiny. When one looks at the archaeological record of West Mexico and compares it to Central Mexico there is no evidence that the Toltec had any sort of influence in the West.
"But wait!" you may exclaim. Why do some things look Toltec in the West? Why do the artifacts start looking Toltec from their previous weird and odd shaft tomb tradition aesthetic?
The answer is that the West and Central Mexico were settled by migrants from the Bajio in Guanajuato, Queretaro, and Zacatecas. Starting in the 6th century, a long term drought hit northern Mesoamerica. This forced the inhabitants to do one of two things: chance subsistence strategies from only agriculture to a mix of agriculture and hunting and gathering OR leave.
A number of them did chance subsistence strategies. Eventually to the point where some of them were mostly hunting and gathering with some agriculture (AKA Chichimecas by the Late Postclassic). But a heck of a lot of them decided to leave. How did they know where to go? Well, the Bajio was along the trade routes connecting Mesoamerica to the American Southwest and its precious turquoise. A lot of the turquoise that made its way to Mesoamerica did so more to central and southern Mesoamerica, but some of it did make its way West. So, the people of the Bajio packed up and followed the trade routes eventually settling in areas like Tula, Hidalgo and the Atamejac and Tequila Valleys of Jalisco. Because these groups came from a common point of origin, for a time they continued in parallel despite the distance between them and lack of communication. Eventually, they diverged enough to become distinct. That's why we have the Toltec in Hidalgo, the El Grillo in Jalisco, the Aztatlan in Nayarit, and El Chanal in Colima.
In West Mexico, these migrants displaced, killed, or integrated with the previous shaft tomb tradition practicing peoples (Teuchitlan Culture, Ixtlan del Rio, Comala, etc.). We're still not clear what happened exactly, only that everything changes in the archaeological record. Different ways of making pottery, differing ways of making tools, different tools, different mortuary practices, different public architecture, different domestic architecture, different settlement locations. Everything. All of it. There is, as far as we can tell, zero continuity between the Classic and Epiclassic periods in West Mexico.
The REALLY interesting thing about grappling with the Toltec's lack of exertion is taking a critical eye to Chichen Itza. And let me tell you, it is a house of cards on a foundation of sand of bad interpretations.
And that is the great thing about West Mexico. It forces you to not be myopic and only concentrate on your small area. Instead, you need to look more broadly. You need to understand the variation and similarities across Mesoamerica in order to make more sound and grounded interpretations of the archaeological record. It's why I love the area and do my best to try and get people interested in it. Although, I am a poor salesman and probably don't do the best job of selling it.
If you are interested in reading more on West Mexico, here is a newly published Google Doc of my incomplete bibliography on West Mexico.
Books Acosta Nieva, R. 2003 L’ensemble funéraire du site de Caseta, Jalisco, Mexique: une approche archèo-anthropologique, BAR Internation
If you want to know more on Jalisco and the Epiclassic, I suggest the following publications by my former MA advisor Chris Beekman. You should be able to get most of them on researchgate.net. But if you can't, send him an email and tell him that Tony sent you asking for PDFs. Or DM me and I'll send them to you.
2019 Migrations in Late Mesoamerica, edited by Christopher S. Beekman. University Press of Florida.
1996 El Complejo El Grillo del Centro de Jalisco: Una Revision de su Cronologia y Significado. In Arqueologia e Ethnohistoria de las Cuencas del Occidente de Mexico, edited by Eduardo Williams and Phil C. Weigand, pp. 247-291. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.
2015 Causes and Consequences of Migration in Epiclassic Northern Mesoamerica. In Migration and Disruptions: Toward a Unifying Theory of Ancient and Contemporary Migrations, edited by Brenda J. Baker and Takeyuki Tsuda, pp. 73-96. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Beekman, Christopher S., and Alexander F. Christensen
2011 Power, Agency, and Identity Migration and Aftermath in the Mezquital Area of North-Central Mexico. In Rethinking Anthropological Perspectives on Migration edited by Graciela S. Cabana and Jeffery J. Clark, pp. 147-174. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
Beekman, Christopher S., and Alexander F. Christensen
2003 Controlling for Doubt and Uncertainty Through Multiple Lines of Evidence: A New Look at the Mesoamerican Nahua Migrations. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 10(2): 111-164.