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Basic process control strategies
Basic process control strategies
A process variable (PV) is measured and compared to a setpoint (SP) value in a straightforward control system. The controller generates a manipulated variable (MV, or output) signal that is forwarded to a final control element, which in turn affects the process variable to establish stable control. PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) is commonly the algorithm used by the controller to create…
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MOTOR STARTER
Definition: Motors Starters are electrical devices that can help start the motors. It can control the electric power of the motor. These starters can also be used for stopping, reversing the motor direction. It can also act as protection device (from low voltage and overcurrent). Two main components seen in a motor starter are: Contactors: The contactor are used to switch ON/OFF the power…
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SERVO MOTOR
The controlling of speed and torque of a motor was too much difficult in older time before the invention of drives. After the coming of drives that issue solved somewhat. In the beginning of automation and mechatronics applications, with speed & torque controlling position control requirement also got increased. In the precision engineering applications…
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LEVEL MEASUREMENT
The first process variable to be measured and managed was likely liquid level. Early instances of level control in dams used to store and release water for agricultural use in a controlled manner are documented in history. REASONS FOR LEVEL MEASUREMENT: Safety: In boilers, if the water level fluctuates outside of predetermined ranges, a dangerous condition may arise. Monitoring: Monitoring of…
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Distributed Control System (DCS)
Distributed Control System (DCS)
A distributed control system is a platform for automated control and operation of a plant or industrial process. As the name implies, the DCS is a system of sensors, controllers and associated computers that are distributed throughout a plant. That is, in a plant we have 3 different sections, we can take as section A, section B and section C. Then we control section A by using control system 1…
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INDUSTRIAL TRANSMITTERS
Definition: A Transmitter is a device that converts the signal produced by a sensor into a standard signal representing a process variable being measured and controlled. These signals can in the form of air pressure (3-15psi) or electrical signals (4-20 mA). Relation between Sensors and Transmitter: A sensor consists of a sensitive element and conversion element. The sensing element can…
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CALIBRATION
A fundamental aspect of science is measurement and a key challenge to scientists is to minimize associated errors in cost-effective ways. This balance gets more difficult to strike as instruments become more sensitive and therefore more expensive. However, there must be a balance maintained. All measurement equipment loses precision over time. Typically, regular wear and tear is to blame for…
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TRANSFORMERS
Transformer is a static device which transfer alternating electric power from one circuit to another without changing their frequency. Transformer transfer the whole power without using any rotating part, that’s why it’s called static device. Transformer works on the principle of faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction states that magnitude of the EMF induced in…
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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
Hydro-electric power plants are the power generation source which is producing electricity through water pressure that stored inside dam. In earlier times it was done using water flow in river (RUN OF RIVER) to rotate the turbines. But it had its own limitations due to non-consistent flow pressure, Nature behaviour change, Dry-river, able to produce only limited amount of electricity etc. After…
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INDUSTRIAL CONTROL PANELS
An electrical control panel is a combination of electrical devices which use electrical power to control the various mechanical functions of industrial equipment or machinery. An electrical control panel includes two main categories panel structure and electrical components. PANEL STRUCTURE OF ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL The structure of an electrical control panel is a combination of…
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DOCUMENTATION IN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
DOCUMENTATION IN INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
Documentation is an Engineering record of process control steps with all the technical description and accurate detailed engineering records. Importance of Documentation: Understanding a manufacturing eco-system is mainly done by proper documentation of the process. Developing and maintaining a detailed documentation can help in smoother running operations, having complete information and…
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MOTOR
MOTOR The role of induction motor in industries are inevitable. Based on supply we can classify motor into two types. AC MOTOR DC MOTOR AC motor can classify into two types ASSYNCHRONOUS/INDUCTION MOTOR SYNCHRONUS MOTOR 3PHASE INDUCTION/ASSYNCHRONOUS MOTOR Induction motor is a widely using motor due to the properties of having self-starting, heavy load capacity, simple designing and…
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INDUSTRY 4.0
Due to increased interconnection and smart automation, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, predicts fast change in technology, industries, and societal patterns and processes in the twenty-first century. The word has been widely used in scientific literature, and Klaus Schwab, the World Economic Forum’s Founder and Executive Chairman, popularized it in 2015. According to…
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Automated Machine Learning
Automated Machine Learning Automated Machine Learning is the process of applying machine learning to real-world situations by automating the tasks. Every stage of AutoML, from starting with a dataset to developing a machine learning model ready for deployment, could be covered. AutoML was offered as a machine learning-based artificial intelligence solution to the rising problem of machine…
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PLC SCADA Career Growth
PLC SCADA Career Growth
First, Let us understand more about PLC PLC is a device you have to learn to program, and it seams at first glance that you can code it from your office/home, which is only partially true. The thing is, a PLC is just a component in an automation system, and being a PLC expert is therefore just slightly valuable as being an overall control system engineer. Control systems as a discipline consist…
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PLC SCADA Career Growth
PLC SCADA Career Growth
First, Let us understand more about PLC PLC is a device you have to learn to program, and it seams at first glance that you can code it from your office/home, which is only partially true. The thing is, a PLC is just a component in an automation system, and being a PLC expert is therefore just slightly valuable as being an overall control system engineer. Control systems as a discipline consist…
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What is Sensor and its Types
What is Sensor and its Types
What is Sensor and its types? Sensors are used in everyday in our daily life example touch-sensitive elevator buttons (tactile sensor), A sensor is a device that detect or responds to any change in physical parameters like heat, pressure, humidity, movement etc. and send the information to other devices. OR Sensors convert measurement of physical phenomena into an electrical…
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