Lidar America Inc. / Blog

Lidar America - Aerial Mapping, Aerial Survey, Aerial Photography 

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ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

Using lidar to; identify geological aspects, geomorphology, climates,water issues, characterize potential threats, identify exposed elements, and generate information that allows monitoring risks. The information obtained will strengthen the decision making process to natural disasters such as flooding, avalanches, volcanos, landslides, fires, hurricanes, droughts, etc.

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HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS AS TOOLS FOR GENERATING ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION

Environmental Information with the use of  hyperspectral sensors as tools Obtaining images from the Earth surface by measuring the electromagnetic radiation from the air and subsequent treatment in the context of an application. The term includes airborne remote sensing. Sensors that record the information in a set of continuous spectral…

Obtaining images from the Earth surface by measuring the electromagnetic radiation from the air and subsequent treatment in the context of an application. The term includes airborne remote sensing.

Sensors that record the information in a set of continuous spectral images, which measures the radiation that is reflected  in a wide range of wavelengths, and can record information with hundreds of spectral channels.

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URBAN DEVELOPMENT & LIDAR

Urban Developement and Lidar The use of airborne sensors and bathymetry enables the inventory, assessment and the monitoring of infrastructure which provides services to the human populations as well as the systems of networks (the networks of oil, energy, gas, etc.).  Also, thanks to the information obtained from these sensors…

The use of airborne sensors and bathymetry enables the inventory, assessment and the monitoring of infrastructure which provides services to the human populations as well as the systems of networks (the networks of oil, energy, gas, etc.).  Also, thanks to the information obtained from these sensors it is possible to perform an analysis and determine the best location and optimal routes for new infrastructure, as well as to understand population dynamics, flows, and migration and pose management measures.

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AGRICULTURE, LIVE STOCK & INFRASTRUCTURE

The images captures with airborne sensors allow the identification and locating the mobility in areas of product generation and the areas of consumption for agricultural products. This information can be specialized in sectors with the information of hydrometerological networks for the evaluation of the climate and its effects in the production and food safety. The support in road infrastructure, hydrocarbons and port, based on spatial information.

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LIDAR IN CATASTRAL SURVEYS

Catastral surveys and Lidar The use of Lidar in cataster is used to define new urban areas, in which they are able to show the developement, which can be obtained with high precision thanks to the advancement of georeferencial technologies and the resolution of Lidar and Hyperspectral sensors. This facilitates…

The use of Lidar in ca taster is used to define new urban areas, in which they are able to show the development, which can be obtained with high precision thanks to the advancement of georeferencial technologies and the resolution of Lidar and Hyperspectral sensors.

This facilitates the continuous monitoring of the soil and the spatial distribution, improves the combination of the elements of analysis for activities of  planning, execution, control and verification, strengthening the decision-making on the part of local authorities, regional or nationally.

On the other hand, with the use of this technology  it is possible to monitor and measure the efficiency of the public investments projects, especially those that allowed advanced georeferencing or execution.

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LIDAR IN SECURITY & DEFENSE

Supporting reconnaissance, surveillance, threat identification, development of operations, eradication of illicit crops and activities of humanitarian aid to ensure the safety of citizens.

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LINEAR OR THRUST SENSORS

Capturing an image is a continuous process and it is completely electronic, it’s done by a series of solidly aligned linear sensors, which are positioned perpendicular to help advance the sensor. The geometry of the image is cylinder-conical, it s also known as linear perspective, and it is characterized because…

Capturing an image is a continuous process and it is completely electronic, it’s done by a series of solidly aligned linear sensors, which are positioned perpendicular to help advance the sensor. The geometry of the image is cylinder-conical, it s also known as linear perspective, and it is characterized because each line in the resulting image results in its own parameters of external orientation (PEO), according to a central projection. The spectral sensitivity of these oscillating sensors is in between 0.4 mm and 1 mm, therefore it covers the visible electromagnetic spectrum and inferred.

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PROCESSING HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES

The processing of hyperspectral data are the technic that govern the analysis of the hyperspectral data which try to measure the result of each spectral signature for multiple underlying material for each site. The pixels are mixed for various reasons.  First, if the spatial resolution of the…

The processing of hyperspectral data are the technic that govern the analysis of the hyperspectral data which try to measure the result of each spectral signature for multiple underlying material for each site. The pixels are mixed for various reasons.  First, if the spatial resolution of the sensor is not high enough to separate the different materials, it can occupy a single pixel, and the resulting spectral will be composed of those individual spectra. Second, the mixed pixels can also occur as a result of the combination of two different materials in a heterogeneous mixture. This happens regardless of the spatial resolution of the sensor. The hyperspectral image is a combination of the two situations written about before, where some are pure materials while others are a mixed materials.

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WHAT IS THE RESOLUTION

The resolution of a sensor is the capacity to obtain detailed information of the image. Depending on the type of information that we are provided, we can talk about spatial resolution, spectral or radiometer. Spatial Resolution The spatial Resolution proportionate the size of the smallest object…

Spatial Resolution

The spatial Resolution proportionate the size of the smallest object that is available to be seen by the sensor. In this case, the size is defined and is formed in pixels. This is measured by the Instantaneous Field of View (IFOW), which is the angular section measured in radians, observed in a point determined by the sensor. It uses the terrain distance to correspond in the angle and depends on the view of the angle. The pixel is different (Picture element): spatial is done by the frequency made. The terrain has better coverage when both signals are recognized. The information is influenced by (digital value) offered pixels.

Spectral Resolution

The spectral resolution is the number and the width of the spectral bands that the sensors can discriminate. It can also define the capacity of the sensor to discriminate the radiance detected in distinct longitudes of the spectral wave. The number of bands comes predetermined on what the sensor can capture and the width of the spectral. It is convenient to have a high number of bands and stretch bands, which allows a finer discrimination. It is a determined sensor, the number of bands posed and width depend on the application it has been given.

Radiometric Resolution

The radiometric resolution is the sensitivity of the sensor, the capacity to detect the variations in spectral radiance that are received.

It determines the number of gray levels recorded in the image and it expresses them in pixel levels (64-128-256-1024). The better radiometric resolution, the better interpretation of the image. The mixed pixel are defined through an intermediate signal that covers the composition (Chuvieco, 1996). Devices in opto-electronic1 the radiance that is indicated is registered in digital form. Esch pixel is assigned a digital number which is proportional to the radiance received. The digital advancement is more immune to the noise transmitted through the information.  The radiometric resolution of a sensor is given by a number of digital levels that is able to encode. A better radiometric resolution allows a better interpretation but it depends on the method of the interpretation.

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LIDAR & ECHO SOUNDER APPLIED IN BIODIVERSITY

Lidar and Echo Sounder applied in Biodiversity The images that are attained through the studies of topographic and bathymetry by remote sensors allow the identification and the evaluation of the state of  the ecosystem; and to track and monitor the natural or man-made changes. This includes deforestation, fires, erosion, and…

The images that are attained through the studies of topographic and bathymetry by remote sensors allow the identification and the evaluation of the state of  the ecosystem; and to track and monitor the natural or man-made changes. This includes deforestation, fires, erosion, and changes in the soil, which allows the identification and the quantification of different ecosystems with different detailed levels. Meanwhile, biophysical parameters generate information about the vigor, moisture, and the phenological stage of the vegetation (ex: vegetation indices, leaf area index ect.) These parameters are useful to identify the types and state of the ecosystem and covered area of vegetation, including specific investigations have followed to identify species or for estimating biodiversity. Furthermore, we can analyze the composition of the atmosphere and topographical information to contribute to the study of the ecosystem.

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USE OF LIDAR, HYPER-SPECTRAL & ORTHOPHOTOS IN MINERAL & ENERGY RESCOURCES

Lidar, Hyperspectral and Orthophotos in the use for energy and mineral resources. The use of Lidar, Hyperspectral and Orthophoto allow the analysis in morphologic, qualitative and quantitive of prospective, exploration, exportation and restoration of mines or hydrocarbon deposits; with the purpose to optimize the  sustainable use of these resources.  This…

The use of Lidar, Hyperspectral and Orthophoto allow the analysis in morphologic, qualitative and quantitive of prospective, exploration, exportation and restoration of mines or hydrocarbon deposits; with the purpose to optimize the  sustainable use of these resources.  This also allows the tracing and the control of pipelines, oil pipelines, gas lines, and provides useful information to formulate rules.

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ROTATING & SCANNING SENSORS

Rotating sensors are the electromagnetic type. The image is obtained free through the rotation of the prism or mirror which moves instantaneous with field vision (IFOV- Instantaneous Field of View), perpendicular in the direction of the sensor. Being designed this way, allows there to be a continuous information on the image….

Rotating sensors are the electromagnetic type. The image is obtained free through the rotation of the prism or mirror which moves instantaneous with field vision (IFOV- Instantaneous Field of View), perpendicular in the direction of the sensor. Being designed this way, allows there to be a continuous information on the image. The results geometry is cylindrical, with the peculiarities that are entailed. In general, the spectral’s sensitivity in these sensors exceed the thrust, which is between 0.4 mm (visible) or  13 mm (inferred).

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MATRIX SENSORS

The electronic sensors utilize solid sensors like CCD or CMOS. All the sensor elements are able to be seen in a focal plane and is capable of obtaining a digital image in an instant. The geometry of said images correspond to the central projection. Although, they accept the time of…

The electronic sensors utilize solid sensors like CCD or CMOS. All the sensor elements are able to be seen in a focal plane and is capable of obtaining a digital image in an instant. The geometry of said images correspond to the central projection. Although, they accept the time of forward movement (FMC) via TDI (Time Delayed Intergation). The resolutions measure from  3K x 2K y 4K x 4K and are the most extended and are visable in pancromatic, color, or false color. To obtain comparable resolutions with a analog counterpart adopting it with modular desgins.

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PHOTOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS, RADIOMETERS, HYPER-SPECTRAL, MULTI-SPECTRAL, & SPECTRAL-METER OF IMAGES

Radiometers, Hyperspectral, Multispectral and Spectral Imaging A radiometer, is an optic-electrical system, which decomposes the radiation received into multi wavelengths (bands). Each one of these bands is sent to a set of sensitive detectors, where the spectrum region will amplify and converts into an electrical signal; and with a conversion of…

A radiometer, is an optic-electrical system, which decomposes the radiation received into multi wavelengths (bands). Each one of these bands is sent to a set of sensitive detectors, where the spectrum region will amplify and converts into an electrical signal; and with a conversion of analog-digital, with a numeric value of digital level (DL).  Many past sensors have been known to be hyperspectral sensitive, which means that they pick up simultaneously data  from tens to hundreds of spectral bands.  The measurements of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, provide various information of different aspects of the environment. For example, ultra violet radiation is utilized to monitor the ozone levels in the upper layers of the atmosphere. The visible or the inferred bands determine the health of the vegetation (cutivations, forests). The sensitive captors of the inferred radiation are used to measure the soil temperature, clouds and the surface of the ocean.

The process used by the sensor's to receive the radiation from the objects can be distinguished by the different, basic types of sensors.

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DETECTION OF RAMIN TREE

Case of Study: Detection of Arbol Ramin. The Ramin tree is a rare species in native forests and are administered in the peninsula of Malaysia, they are nationally and internationally protected. The work consisted of identifying the Ramin trees there native forests and locating and finding attributes such as height,…

The Ramin tree is a rare species in native forests and are administered in the peninsula of Malaysia, they are nationally and internationally protected. The work consisted of identifying the Ramin trees there native forests and locating and finding attributes such as height, and diameter of the canopy of each tree identified.

Asbestos contamination

Comprised to collect data in an old asbestos mina and its surroundings to evaluate the levels of toxins and the distribution of the powdered form in the air and water. The data is utilized to better disinfect the mine and its surrounding areas.

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LIDAR IN ARCHEOLOGY

Thanks to the Lidar system, Archaeology has been more effective, with digital model of specific areas of study, we are able to predict the existence of the ruins like its shown  in the image above. The Lidar system can penetrate through dense vegetation to produce digital models of the terrain,…

Thanks to the Lidar system, Archaeology has been more effective, with digital model of specific areas of study, we are able to predict the existence of the ruins like its shown  in the image above.

The Lidar system can penetrate through dense vegetation to produce digital models of the terrain, with theses models we are able to show the structure and the type of surface. With this the tasks of evacuation on the areas with high potential, which makes the operation less costly.

You can also produce 3D digitalizatio of archaeologic cities for there better study.

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LIDAR IN AGRICULTURE

The diverse uses of Lidar in agriculture All the work that has been done agriculture engineering and governmental construction whether it’s for an irrigation reservoir that supplies water to a field, water distribution schemes for the field in intensive winter systems, irrigation systems and surface pressure, orchards,…

All the work that has been done agriculture engineering and governmental construction whether it’s for an irrigation reservoir that supplies water to a field, water distribution schemes for the field in intensive winter systems, irrigation systems and surface pressure, orchards, vineyards, etc., must be initiated, with a topographic map where they are able to perform these activities.

The topographical map is the starting point, where it will be append information on the soils, flooding in different areas, existing buildings, existing access and planning new land leveling, and potential flooding of high rain fall.

This is generated by the generation of digital terrain models and elevation which can be performed in-depth study.

Hyperspectral images of the crop area lets you know the state of health of plants.