LifeWritingGroupSquad

[lwgsquad]

How We Relate to the Novel

Jacob Dinis

To me, the most relatable aspect of Julie Doucet’s memoir is the beginning where she is still living in Montreal as an art student. She has the same worries and a similar outlook to me, in the sense of wondering if the classes have merit and if they will lead to a good job. I particularly relate not specifically to the memoir, but to Doucet’s recent outlook - I worry if one day, game design will feel like a grinding, monotonous job rather than my passion.  My New York Diary is sort of like a dark look into the future that I think a lot of students look into, and I think it’s sort of eerie, because to me it feels like Julie was someone who maybe wasn’t ready to make big life decisions at her age and suffered for it. It makes me wonder a little if I am ready to make those decisions myself, but serves as a good wake up call as to what the world is like, and that I have to be careful in my endeavors so that I lead a happy and successful life.

Kael Sarmento

For me, one of the most relatable aspects of the memoir is how Julie had to deal with the relationships in her life. She had a low self esteem, and so she always ended up conceding on points, or putting herself down in order to put her partners on a pedestal. I feel like I have also had this issue in my own life, and am constantly struggling with building up my self esteem so that I believe that my thoughts and feelings are valid and important. I’ve really had to work at being more in charge of my opinions, and making sure I don’t allow myself to get walked all over because there is a piece deep down that makes me feel like I am not worth it. I think it’s encouraging, however, that Julie was able to overcome this issue in her life, and realize through the help of her friends from Montreal that she was being taken advantage of. Knowing that it’s possible to move on from this is very encouraging.

Jordan Goulbourne

After reading this memoir I found that I related quite a bit with Julie’s thoughts on art school. I took Art Fundamentals at Sheridan several years ago and it felt strange and boring. It was interesting seeing Julie go through a similar situation of being an adult that is being taught simple painting techniques and other courses that basically amounted to arts and crafts. I wasn’t aware of how strange it was until I saw it through Julie’s eyes and now it seems so bizarre. I also saw a reflection of myself in how Julie lived in Montreal as I can be quite a slob. I’m not nearly as bad as her new york boyfriend who had cockroaches, but I can be pretty messy. Reading this memoir was somewhat of a wake-up call in that regard and heavily motivated me to clean up after myself more and to lead a cleaner lifestyle.

[lwgsquad]

Annotated Bibliography

Firecracker Awards. (n.d.). Retrieved March 29, 2019, from https://www.clmp.org/readers/programs/firecracker/

This is simply the website for the firecracker award, which gives insight into the award that Doucet won for her work on My New York Diary.

Doucet, J. (2019, January 19). "I Really Had to Reinvent Myself": An Interview with Julie Doucet. Retrieved from https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/i-really-had-to-reinvent-myself-an-interview-with-julie-doucet/#!

This is an interview conducted by the Los Angeles Review of Books with Julie Doucet, giving insight into why she left the comic book industry, and reinventing herself as she returns to drawing. She also talks about her influences in Hara-Kiri and Charlie Hebdo.

Doucet, J. (n.d.). Julie Doucet. Retrieved from http://2dcloud.com/julie-doucet-interview

This is an in depth interview that gives a view into Doucet;s thought process in creating her novels. She talks a bit about how she feels out of touch with modern comics and about how creating comics became work for her.

Mok, A. (2016, April 25). "The Starting Point": An Interview with Julie Doucet. Retrieved from http://www.tcj.com/the-starting-point-an-interview-with-julie-doucet/

In this interview Doucet talks about her experiences as a French Canadian writer and some of her influences and opinions on the memoir format. She talks about how she needed to try different forms of art, which was a large contribution to her quitting comics.

Doucet, J., McInnis, A., Gamache, L., & Gravel, E. (2018, December 14). Montreal's Julie Doucet revolutionized comics - then she walked away. Retrieved from https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/local-arts/montreals-julie-doucet-revolutionized-comics-then-she-walked-away

Moore, A. E. (2019, March 02). Julie Doucet is done making comics. Retrieved from https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/julie-doucet-is-done-making-comics/Content?oid=61397235

Again, talking about her choice to leave comics and more about her work as an underground artist. It also talks about how she’s happy to let others inherit the comic-making torch and be an inspiration to others.

Why I’m Happy to Be a Starving Artist in NYC

https://mic.com/articles/46209/why-i-m-happy-to-be-a-starving-artist-in-nyc#.AW87ftHqK

Smith, Jonathan. “Why I'm Happy to Be a Starving Artist in NYC.” Mic, Mic Network Inc., 14 Oct. 2015, mic.com/articles/46209/why-i-m-happy-to-be-a-starving-artist-in-nyc#.AW87ftHqK.

This article touches on Jonathan’s move to New York and all of the struggles he endured within living conditions and money. He talks a lot about the experiences he learns from and why it helped him become a better person and artist.

Why Write a Memoir - There is Purpose in Your Words

https://thecalmspace.com/2010/05/why-write-memoir-there-is-purpose-in-your-words/?fbclid=IwAR2cttBpOgl9BKVQaitpDkUKCS62-EV-iWaR1j4ST-kgzvVqRK_5jxDNN3E

Mackison, Bo. “Why Write Memoir? – There Is Purpose in Your Words.” The Calm Space RSS, thecalmspace.com/2010/05/why-write-memoir-there-is-purpose-in-your-words/.

This article expresses the importance of authors creating memoirs. It mentions that it become theoretic for not only the writer but also the reader. It also touches on the fact that memoirs can be a teaching moment which is also very evident within Julie Doucets story.

Why Graphic Novels are more than picture perfect

https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2010/jun/13/graphic-novels-rachel-cooke?fbclid=IwAR1FtpYbnhX70RY-14LTHflfGDSvqvejjr7RzaN6qCUeRMIjfynP4EzxRiM

Cooke, Rachel. “Why Graphic Novels Are More than Picture Perfect.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 12 June 2010, www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2010/jun/13/graphic-novels-rachel-cooke.

This article expresses the misconceptions of a graphic novel and the stigma attached to them. Rachel Cooke, expresses how important they are in terms of illustration a story in an interesting way. It’s clear that even in My New York Diary the illustration of a comic is able to represent the experience had in a visual way.

Character Growth vs Character Development

https://medium.com/@shabazzmalikali/character-growth-vs-character-development-b77bc524385c?fbclid=IwAR1FtpYbnhX70RY-14LTHflfGDSvqvejjr7RzaN6qCUeRMIjfynP4EzxRiM

Malikali, Shabazz. “Character Growth vs Character Development.” Medium, Medium, 26 Aug. 2017, medium.com/@shabazzmalikali/character-growth-vs-character-development-b77bc524385c.

Within a New York Diary there is a lot of growth Doucet goes through within her time in New York. This article expresses the differences between growth and development within a character. There are a lot of obstacles Doucet goes through that reflect upon her growing as a character rather than developing.

How Graphic Memoir Can Demystify Structure

https://writingwomenslives.com/how-graphic-memoir-can-demystify-structure/?fbclid=IwAR09HVT5zbJdElV3BSX7Piy2FoyNcZPsXg-sHqFrHch83ceVxAq9PtYzdPw

Bousquin, Marilyn. “How Graphic Memoir Can Demystify Structure.” Writing Women's Lives, 25 Jan. 2013, writingwomenslives.com/how-graphic-memoir-can-demystify-structure/.

Since memoirs are about events that occur in someones life, it’s often hard to create an order in which a reader can understand this stage of their life. In this article Marilyn expresses how she was able to structure her mess of an experience in to an organized memoir. Within My New York Diary the structure and organization work so well within what she is trying to express.

Julie’s Personal Website

Doucet, J. (n.d.). Biography. Retrieved from Julie Doucet – For Fun: http://www.juliedoucet.net/html/bio.html

For writing about Julie’s early life, I decided that it would be best to go to the source - her personal website. It’s always important to look to the original source when you can, because a primary source will often be more accurate then any secondary sources. Having access to her own story on how she grew up and what she’s currently doing was greatly helpful to writing an accurate Bio.

Information on Le Biennale de Montreal

Biennale, (29 Mar. 2019), Retrieved from https://www.bnlmtl.org/2019/03/what-will-happen-to-la-biennale-de-montreal/

This article posted by La Biennale talks about what has happened to the organization and what the future holds for it. I thought it would be interesting to look into because they had reached out to Julie to ask her to join. As a prominent part of the Montreal art scene, I thought it was important information when looking into Julie who is still active in the Montreal arts community

Chute, Hillary. “Life or Something Like It.” Artforum International, 25 July 2014, www.artforum.com/slant/hillary-chute-on-julie-doucet-s-my-new-york-diary-47566.

I chose this review to use because it was clearly written by a person with knowledge of who Julie Doucet was and was familiar with her works. I also chose it because of its analysis of the memoir and its relevance to the topic.

Doucet, Julie. “‘I Really Had to Reinvent Myself’: An Interview with Julie Doucet.” Los Angeles Review of Books, lareviewofbooks.org/article/i-really-had-to-reinvent-myself-an-interview-with-julie-doucet/#!

This was an interview with Julie that I referenced in the interviews section. I believe that it was a good one to use because it seemed to really make Julie think about her answers and challenged her. While it challenged her though, it also felt like a more normal conversation where the topics of each question flowed from Julie’s previous responses.

Doucet, Julie. “MY NEW YORK DIARY by Julie Doucet.” Kirkus Reviews, www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/julie-doucet/my-new-york-diary/.

I chose this review because it was a short, sweet and to the point review of My New York Diary.

Kind, / Library. “Grotesque Dollhouse: A Close Reading of Julie Doucet's My New York Diary.” Library Kind, 16 Oct. 2018, librarykind.wordpress.com/2018/03/01/rotten-dollhouse-a-close-reading-of-julie-doucets-my-new-york-diary/.

I chose to use this article because it features an extremely in-depth analysis of Doucet’s work that goes far beyond what my level of comprehension was. It was interesting to read about the metaphorical insights that the author found and I felt they were representative of the critical reception of the memoir.

Official, Partizan. “MY NEW NEW YORK DIARY - Short Film - Julie Doucet & Michel Gondry (2008).” YouTube, YouTube, 8 July 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-vs5hZu744.

This is one of the few times that Julie has been in the media and so I thought it would be fitting to use, especially because it relates to the topic.

Rollmann, Hans. “The Compulsive Artist: An Interview With Julie Doucet.” PopMatters, PopMatters, 24 Feb. 2018, www.popmatters.com/the-compulsive-artist-an-interview-with-julie-doucet-2495446385.html.

This was an interview in which Julie discusses her career as a comic and her reasons for quitting. I thought that it was a good interview to use because it was the only interview I found in which Julie touched on how her work being seen as feminist annoyed her. I thought that that was an interesting bit of irony.

[lwgsquad]

Historical Context of Growing Up

Julie grew up during the 60s, which was right during the second-wave feminist period in the United States which lasted approximately two decades, and which spread quickly across the western world. It’s main goal was equality for women, and allowed for a series of political reforms for women.

Because of growing up in this era, it is not surprising that Julie’s work exhibits feminist ideals and concepts, even though she may not consider herself to be a modern feminist today. Much of what she experienced during that time was most likely growing up listening to women who wanted more agency with their body and decisions.

She also went to an all girl’s catholic schools, which were known to be extremely strict. Corporal punishment was common during this time. Growing up going to a catholic school certainely contributed to Julie’s inexperience and desire to prove herself sexually when she graduated, leading to her first sexual encounter as depicted in “My New York Diary”. It is especially common for girls to experience a period of sexual release after or during private catholic schools, as a result of sexual pent-up tension.

- Kael Sarmento

[lwgsquad]

Reception

My New York Diary was originally published in 1998. The memoir is a collection of stories that describe her life from when she was 17 to the year she spent in New York before moving to Seattle. The memoir was critically acclaimed as a grotesque and self-critical examination of her own life with a visual narration that gave the reader the sense of anxiety and emotional stress reflected in the pages. In addition to the strong visuals, My New York Diary and Julie’s work as a whole was held up as a feminist piece that both empowered women who do not wear makeup or “dress well” and paved the way for women in the graphic memoir movement.

- Jordan Goulbourne

[lwgsquad]

Action

The action in Doucet’s memoir is always depicted as true to life as she can get with her cartoonish characters and conveys strong emotional responses that really show what it was like to be in the situations she was in. Julie does an incredible job of using visuals to convey the emotional feeling of a scene. For example the scene  in which she is pressured into sex by her classmate. The Julie at the time is portrayed as naive, but the Julie that is drawing the memoir has clearly placed her own opinions of what that scene was like in hindsight into the visuals with a sinister looking classmate as she gets into his bed. The action never shies away from being too graphic and uncomfortable and even embraces the awkwardness of certain situations. This makes the events in the memoir feel extremely real and believable.

- Jordan Goulbourne

[lwgsquad]

Media Appearances

Media Appearances: SPX 2018 Panel 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=un8Mxey2oT4 

This is a panel discussion in which Julie discusses her work and how she got her start as a comic artist in addition to answering questions from the other panelists. 

My New York Diary Short Film 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-vs5hZu744 

This is a short film project directed by Julie Doucet & Michel Gondry. It features a combination of illustrated backgrounds and characters with footage of Julie inserted in as herself. 

- Jordan Goulbourne

[lwgsquad]

Interviews

The Compulsive Artist: An Interview With Julie Doucet By Hans Rollman for Pop Matters (popmatters.com)

  https://www.popmatters.com/the-compulsive-artist-an-interview-with-julie-doucet-2495446385.html 

Hans interviews Julie about her work, process, why she quit long-form comics and her reason for getting back into drawing. 

 I Really Had to Reinvent Myself”: An Interview with Julie Doucet By Tahneer Oksman  for Los Angeles Review Of Books (lareviewofbooks.org) 

https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/i-really-had-to-reinvent-myself-an-interview-with-julie-doucet/#! 

Taheer interviews Julie in a coffee shop about the release of all 12 issues of her comic Dirty Plotte as a hardcover book and what she thinks of it. She then goes on to discuss with her about her reason for quitting, what she is currently working on, her compulsion with art and things Julie wishes she could work on among other things. 

Words into Pictures: An Interview with Julie Doucet By Frederik Byrn Køhlert for Lemon Hound (lemonhound.com) 

http://lemonhound.com/2013/02/19/words-into-pictures-an-interview-with-julie-doucet/ 

Køhlert interviews Julie about the nature of her career and where it is going. Julie discusses why she quit and what she is currently working on as well as how she believes it to be annoying that her work is seen as feminist for simply dealing with topics related to women. 

- Jordan Goulbourne

[lwgsquad]

COLOUR

My New York Diary is a graphic memoir done completely in black and white. With no colour, there is an interesting use of shadows as Julie uses them to make the characters appear hollow, sunken and when the occasion calls for it, sinister. When characters get upset, anxious or scared, their faces visually darken to portray the emotions they feel which adds to the emotional weight of the scene.

- Jordan Goulbourne

[lwgsquad]

Structure

The structure of this memoir is very much broken up. The first half of the memoir is a prologue in which we see Julie lose her virginity and make several poor life decisions in terms of academics and relationships. This lets us see where she is coming from for when we jump roughly eight years into the future to when she is just about to move to New York. 

The second half of the memoir is broken up into seasons, a poetic metaphor for how Julie changes both over the course of her year in New York, and over the course of her relationship, beginning hot in the summer, before finally becoming cold in the winter. 

At the end of the memoir, we get a fourth wall break in which Julie stops being the character in the memoir and becomes the voice of the author as she speaks to the reader, telling them what happened and how she ended up where she is before she walks off into the sunset while a band plays her off.

- Jordan Goulbourne

[lwgsquad]

OUTSTANDING SCENES

Some of my favourite scenes in the book were simply because of how the art and environments depicted also represented Julie’s current mindset. In earlier parts of the book, while she is living in New York, the panels are cluttered, with deep black shadows and the environments are dirty and filled with garbage, knicknacks, and other small trinkets. 

The panels give a suffocating feeling, and you truly feel the anxiety that Julie is feeling on a daily basis living in these conditions. Even the streets seem cluttered and dirty.

This is heavily contrasted to the last part of the comic, where she has finally moved out, and is in a stark clean place where the word bubbles are less confined, and while there is still “garbage” within the scene, it feels more calm, clean, and relaxing. It allows the reader to breathe, signifying Julie’s own ability to do so, as she moves on from a toxic part of her life, and gets cleaner from the drugs she was taking before. Her ability to think and make her own decisions is now clear without the influence from her abusive ex-boyfriend.

I think its truly impressive how the placement of the speech bubbles, and the colouration techniques in each panel, as well as the panel arrangement can make the reader feel a very specific emotion, and for that reason I think this is one of the scenes that stand out the most.

- Kael Sarmento

[lwgsquad]

JULIE DOUCET - CURRENT 

After quitting comics, she moved back to Montreal, and went back to printing. In 2006, she had an exhibition of her works at the gallery B-312, and in 2007 she was invited to attent the Biennale de Montreal, an independant organization of artists which has conducted exhibitions worldwide.Unfortunately, the Biennale has made several poor financial decisions, and filed for bankruptcy in 2018.

She participated in and conducted several art events over the years, and has worked in mediums of all kinds to make art that she enjoys. In 2013, Julie started her own publishing house in order to publish herself. She continues to be an active voice in the arts community of Montreal.

- Kael Sarmento

[lwgsquad]

Plot

The plot of “My New York Diary” is fairly unstructured. It tells snippets of stories of Julie’s life as she grows up, goes through studies in college, and finally decides to move to and from New York. The structure of the comic jumps to important points in Julie’s life.

We are able to see a culmination of failed relationships, drugs, abuse, and the struggle of continuing to further a career when you are set back by your life situations. Julie begins optimistic and happy as she lives in New York, but slowly becomes dragged down by her boyfriend who cares only about himself.

Each part of the comic is written as a snippet into Julie’s life - a documentation of her thoughts and feelings as we see what she experiences. Because of the structure, and culmination of art and writing (which includes Julie’s thoughts, as well as the words of passers-by that may not be relevant at all), each recollection feels both gritty and real. 

We learn deeply personal facts about Julie’s life experience with love, sex, drugs, the struggles of being an independent artist, and how the stress accompanying each of these things leads to deterioration in Julie’s health in the form of her seizures. 

At the end of the comic, the story is just cut off. There is no true resolution to the conflict, or denouement, because it isn’t simply a comic - this is the drawn reflection of someone’s life: a diary. Julie’s story is still continuing, and her time in New York was only a very small portion of her life.

- Kael Sarmento

[lwgsquad]

JULIE DOUCET  - EARLY LIFE

Julie Doucet was born in Montreal, Quebec on December 31st, 1965. According to Julie, she had a “uneventful childhood [and] somewhat terrible teen years”. As a young girl, she went to an all-girls catholic school, and moved on to study fine arts and printing arts at CEGEP du Vieux Montreal, and then Universite du Quebec a Montreal.

Julie started drawing comics in 1987 after meeting some cartoonists in her studies, and began documenting her “Day to day life, dreams, angst, and fantasies”. She eventually published these thoughts as a small fanzine which would become known as “Dirty Plotte”. It was then published in 1991 as a full comic book, which is around the time she decided to move to New York City.

She spent time in New York, and then moved to Seattle and then Berlin, after writing and publishing “My New York Diary”. In the late 1990s, Julie moved back to Montreal, and stopped writing comics all together, instead going back to her roots doing printing work.

- Kael Sarmento

[lwgsquad]

Characterization

The characterization of Julie Doucet started off as an innocent girl who made decisions based on societal norms to a strong independent artist who did things for herself. A lot of her growth as a character came from the negative experiences she went through. This included the men she slept with, her relationship with her boyfriend and drug use. 

When she was sleeping around with just about anybody in the beginning of her novel she slowly goes from saying yes all the time to realizing that it’s not a great idea and to say no or avoid the situation. One of the biggest lessons she learned was with her first boyfriend Louis. He told her he loved her and because he said that she agreed to be his girl friend. After three weeks she realized it was a mistake and faced the consequences. 

The longest realization she endured was with her boyfriend in New York. Although things were great at the beginning, within time he started isolating her, causing a scene in public and trying to over power her. She didn’t realize she was unhappy until she went back home to Montreal and began expressing her feelings. It was clear that once she made up her mind with a decision there is nothing that would stop her. This occurred when she decided to move out of her boyfriends apartment in New York and start fresh in Seattle. 

Lastly the drugs she began taking with her boyfriend became constant and a normal occurrence for her. It seemed that deep down she knew it wasn’t smart but the realization came when he began to have seizers again. This made her wonder why it was getting worse and that she should make a change. Doucet’s growth came from a lot of hardships but in the end it made her character portray strength and independence that she didn’t have in the beginning.

- Lauren Weiler

[lwgsquad]

IMAGE

This memoir is presented as a comic book which is very fitting toward her story as she creates them for a living. The most important aspect about the drawing were how they were displayed. It was clear that the story was very chaotic and busy and portrayed confusion through her character. These images she drew displayed all those things while making the reader feel the feelings she was having. The black and white detailed drawings and words filled every single square which conveyed that her life was a mess. There were moments when the outline of the comic was filled black rather than white. Those sections indicated realizations of a mistake made and clearly indicated when a lesson was learned. 

As stated above, this memoir was very raw in terms of content, Doucet continued that within what she drew and left out no detail. If there was a sex scene then she would illustrate it. If there was a scene where they were doing cocaine, she would display it. Those elements add to that real quality that she is representing in her life which works really well. If those elements were censored, it would feel as if she was hiding something. The cover is again very truthful to the story but also slightly playful by making it red. The red is an indication of the innocence lost covered with the reality of growth as a human and artist.

- Lauren Weiler

[lwgsquad]

Purpose

This memoir has a lot of purpose in terms of relatable content. A lot of the experiences that occur in Doucet’s life can be similar to youth as well as young adults. It’s clear that she is using her story to represent moments that can happen to anyone and allowing the reader to see how she dealt with it. With her time in New York she goes through a lot of new experiences that she went through blindly, with no knowledge. 

A lot of people go through life like that and decide to do things based on what society thinks they should do or what others around them are doing. This happened a lot within the beginning of her memoir when she was experimenting with men. Whenever a male would hit on her or make a move she would always give in and react as if that’s what’s suppose to happen.

 Also seeing her relationship with her boyfriend and how it went from good to toxic. Many times when people are in a bad relationship they have a hard time seeing it themselves. On the outside it may be obvious but, Doucet shows that it takes time to have that realization that things aren’t right. Everything that is shown in this memoir can be connected to all scenarios in life and the reader can easily see what is right and what is wrong. 

There are also a lot of decision making throughout Doucet’s experiences which is another purpose to why this book should be read. Making choices is what life is all about and seeing Doucet make specific choices guides us to what the outcome may be. A purpose in general for a memoir also allows the reader to experience that moment with the author who is sharing the story. It also is a way to get feelings out and document a moment in ones life.

- Lauren Weiler

[lwgsquad]

Themes

There were multiple themes that were displayed throughout Doucet’s memoir. To begin coming of age is a common theme at the beginning of the her story. On the first page she indicates that her high school was girls only which meant she had little interaction with males. 

Throughout the first section of the memoir she starts to become closer to males once starting collage. It was clear that she didn’t fully understand how to make decisions when it came to men asking her out, and a lot of the time she would just go for it because it was seen as normal. Having that said in that first section she grew up a lot, very quickly and started to learn from her mistakes. Another theme I found present throughout this memoir is survival.

 Doucet goes through a lot of struggles with men, with her career as an art student, her boyfriend and the city of New York. As stated above, she did a lot of experimenting with men and after seeing the outcome of her decisions she became uneasy about walking around and going to class without being bombarded. With this issue she eventually was able to react in a way that would make her feel less vulnerable or unsafe. This was also similar when she was living in New York. She often wouldn’t want to walk alone or take the subway alone since her area was unsafe. 

Eventually after going through a lot of hardships she was able to travel by herself and feel like she was stronger. It was clear that her boyfriend was very possessive and wanted to have power over what she did and what she chose. Within time and realization she was able to release herself from that relationship and start over in Seattle. 

Drugs, alcohol and sex were also very common, as it was placed throughout all of the moments within this memoir. This aspect of the memoir is very important because this theme is what creates that rawness of what really happened in her life at that time. In most case when telling stories about a moment in ones life, people often choose to glorify their experience. 

In Doucet’s memoir, she shares every moment that shaped who she was, whether it was a good choice, or a mistake. When she was with her boyfriend she admits to drinking beer most nights and doing drugs and sitting around accomplishing nothing. That represents a lot of strength to admit that things weren’t going well in that moment of time.

- Lauren Weiler