DEAR READER
Cosmic Funnies
Claire Keane
Mike Driver
we're not kids anymore.
⁂
Game of Thrones Daily
taylor price
YOU ARE THE REASON
2025 on Tumblr: Trends That Defined the Year
Discoholic 🪩
Lint Roller? I Barely Know Her
TVSTRANGERTHINGS
Not today Justin
pixel skylines
AnasAbdin
No title available
shark vs the universe
JVL
No title available
seen from Malaysia
seen from Philippines
seen from Malaysia
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from Brazil
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United Kingdom
seen from Netherlands
seen from United States
seen from Romania
seen from Colombia
seen from Netherlands
seen from Malaysia
seen from Canada
seen from United States
seen from Netherlands
seen from United States
@machinelearningworld
The Only Newsletter You Need 👇 There are already many but this one is different and made for you! (contains videos, articles, code, demos…) Link in story: https://ift.tt/3wZMrnM posted on Instagram - https://instagr.am/p/CRwReTJjmZ8/
New study sews doubt about the composition of 70 percent of our universe
Until now, researchers have believed that dark energy accounted for nearly 70 percent of the ever-accelerating, expanding universe. For many years, this mechanism has been associated with the so-called cosmological constant, developed by Einstein in 1917, that refers to an unknown repellant cosmic power.
But because the cosmological constant–known as dark energy–cannot be measured directly, numerous researchers, including Einstein, have doubted its existence–without being able to suggest a viable alternative. Until now. In a new study by researchers at the University of Copenhagen, a model was tested that replaces dark energy with a dark matter in the form of magnetic forces.
“If what we discovered is accurate, it would upend our belief that what we thought made up 70 percent of the universe does not actually exist.
We have removed dark energy from the equation and added in a few more properties for dark matter. This appears to have the same effect upon the universe’s expansion as dark energy,” explains Steen Harle Hansen, an associate professor at the Niels Bohr Institute’s DARK Cosmology Centre.
The universe expands no differently without dark energy The usual understanding of how the universe’s energy is distributed is that it consists of five percent normal matter, 25 percent dark matter and 70 percent dark energy.
In the UCPH researchers’ new model, the 25 percent share of dark matter is accorded special qualities that make the 70 percent of dark energy redundant.
“We don’t know much about dark matter other than that it is a heavy and slow particle. But then we wondered–what if dark matter had some quality that was analogous to magnetism in it? We know that as normal particles move around, they create magnetism. And, magnets attract or repel other magnets–so what if that’s what’s going on in the universe? That this constant expansion of dark matter is occurring thanks to some sort of magnetic force?” asks Steen Hansen.
Computer model tests dark matter with a type of magnetic energy Hansen’s question served as the foundation for the new computer model, where researchers included everything that they know about the universe–including gravity, the speed of the universe’s expansion and X, the unknown force that expands the universe.
“We developed a model that worked from the assumption that dark matter particles have a type of magnetic force and investigated what effect this force would have on the universe. It turns out that it would have exactly the same effect on the speed of the university’s expansion as we know from dark energy,” explains Steen Hansen.
However, there remains much about this mechanism that has yet to be understood by the researchers.
And it all needs to be checked in better models that take more factors into consideration. As Hansen puts it: “Honestly, our discovery may just be a coincidence. But if it isn’t, it is truly incredible. It would change our understanding of the universe’s composition and why it is expanding. As far as our current knowledge, our ideas about dark matter with a type of magnetic force and the idea about dark energy are equally wild. Only more detailed observations will determine which of these models is the more realistic. So, it will be incredibly exciting to retest our result.
ESA’s polar station marks three decades satellite tracking
North of Sweden and the Arctic Circle, ESA’s Kiruna ground station is celebrating 30 years looking skyward, connecting us to many of our beloved and most pioneering space explorers.
The station, equipped with two dish antennas 15 m and 13 m in diameter, is a crucial space gateway, bringing data down to Earth that lets us study our planet’s oceans, water and atmosphere, understand weather patterns and the rapid advance of climate change.
A fairy tale start
In 1986, ESA and Sweden agreed to establish satellite tracking facilities near the top of the world, in the region of Salmijärvi. Here, on a 20-hectare site some 38 kilometres east of Kiruna town and just 10km from the ESRANGE launch site, the Station was sited.
In September 1990, His Majesty The King of Sweden accompanied by ESA’s then Director General Reimar Lüst pressed the button that triggered the antennas first track, inaugurating the station and marking the start of its operational life.
Situated above the Arctic Circle at 67.9 deg latitude, Kiruna is the northernmost station in ESA’s Estrack network, an optimal geographical location to track polar-orbiting satellites. As such, the station is mainly devoted to the support of Earth Observation missions, bringing home data from some of ESA’s renowned windows on the world.
Kiruna’s first job
In July 1991, the station began routine support to ESA’s then-new ERS-1 mission, with an on-site staff of some 25 engineers. A few years later in 1994, the station’s systems got their first upgrade, meaning the station could also support the follow-on ERS-2 mission, launched the following year. The two radar missions could then be operated on a tandem basis, marking a first for Europe.
In 2002, Kiruna took on communication responsibility for ESA’s Envisat mission, the largest civilian Earth Observation satellite ever flown. As the 8-tonne satellite and its 10 onboard instruments would be producing large quantities of data it was again necessary to upgrade the station. A second, 13-metre dish antenna was installed to deliver high-data-rate capability in X-Band.
Kiruna’s antennas and station systems are normally operated remotely from ESA’s Network Operations Centre, located at the Agency’s mission control in Darmstadt, Germany. Here, operators are on duty 24 hours a day, all year round.
For maintenance and day-to-day troubleshooting on site, Kiruna relies on a local team of engineers. These specialists also work ‘on console’ if direct intervention is needed during critical spacecraft manoeuvres or launch activities.
Over the course of 30 years Kiruna station has established an enviable record providing reliable communication links with dozens of Europe’s most important and renowned missions, such as historic star-mapper Hipparcos and gravity-measuring GOCE.
Round-the-clock communication
From its remote polar location, Kiruna today supports a wide range of European missions including Integral, an orbiting gamma-ray telescope, and Cluster, a set of four identical satellites flying in a tetrahedral formation to gather data on the plasma environment between the Sun and Earth.
Kiruna also supports three of ESA’s Earth Explorer missions, wind-mapper Aeolus, the magnetic field measuring trio Swarm and ice-charting Cryosat-2. As well as these, the station supports the five Sentinel satellites flown by ESA on behalf of the European Union’s Copernicus programme, providing accurate, timely and freely accessible environmental monitoring.
In a typical month, more than 700 hours of communication link-ups are made between Kiruna’s two terminals and passing satellites, up to 15 different spacecraft in all.
This means the station is working around the clock, providing tracking support for 23 hours and 20 minutes each day with an average service performance success of 99.8%. These communication ‘passes’ enable the station to download vital science data and upload fresh commands for the coming orbits.
Ever evolving, Kiruna eyes the future
Three decades have passed since Kiruna’s royal inauguration, and in that time the ground station has cemented itself as one of Europe’s most important space facilities both for ESA and its partner agencies.
In those years the station has undergone continuous development and expansion, driven by the increasing technical and scientific needs of the missions it has supported.
As space technology evolves further and its importance in our lives grows, Kiruna station will need to keep reinventing itself. Upcoming Earth Observation missions will transmit higher rates of data at new frequency bands, and the station will need to be ready for these and all the as-yet uninvented technologies that space missions will continue to pioneer.
Happy birthday, Kiruna! We look forward to the next 30 years.
Academic writing advice inspired by Umberto Eco’s ‘How to Write a Thesis’:
Planning
Determine primary sources/bibliography.
Determine secondary sources/bibliography.
Find title.
Brainstorm a table of contents with as much detail as possible (with chapters, sections and even paragraphs and sub-paragraphs - see How to Write a Thesis’ own table of contents as an example at the end of this document) (if the first drafted table of contents is good enough, it will not be necessary to start the writing from the beginning).
Do a first draft of the introduction.
Note-taking and research
Use Google Scholar to make sure you do not miss important sources.
Keep the table of contents in mind when researching and take notes of which sources could go where.
While note-taking, differentiate which parts could be used as quotations from the ones that are simply important for the argument.
Eco underlines the importance of what he calls reading sheets, which can be understood as your notes on your readings. According to him, these should contain:
information about the author if he is not a well-known figure;
a brief (or long) summary;
they should mostly consist of quotations (accompanied by all the corresponding page numbers)
any commentaries you might want to add;
an indication of which part (or parts) of your table of contents the information mentioned belongs to.
Keep reading sheets on primary sources (which should be the longest) separate from those on secondary sources (which should only be 1-2 pages long).
In the end, re-read the notes and color-code all the different parts according to where they would fit in your table of contents.
Writing and editing
A good place to start would be by redrafting the introduction.
Define every key/technical term used/mentioned unless indisputably obvious.
General writing tips:
keep sentences short;
do not be afraid to repeat the subject twice (ex: Roberta went to the shop (…) Roberta bought carrots and tomatoes);
avoid excessive details;
avoid subordinate clauses (orações subordinadas);
avoid vague language;
avoid unnecessary adjectives;
avoid the passive voice.
While drafting, write everything that comes to mind. Leave the editing for the end.
Use your tutor as a Guinea pig. Make them read your first chapters (and, progressively, all the rest) well before delivery is due.
Ask for as much feedback as possible. Ask colleagues, friends and/or family to read your work. They will provide you with more diversified feedback, as well as allowing you to know if your writing is clear to anyone.
Stop playing ‘solitary genius’.
Don’t insist on starting with the first chapter. Start with what you know best and feel more comfortable writing about, then fill in the gaps.
Leave time for editing and try to take at least a one or two days long break in between writing and editing.
Do not forget to fill in the gaps. When you revisit your writing, go through it with all these writing tips in mind as well as a conscience of what your most common mistakes are.
Use Hemingway in the final editing phase.
Quotations and footnotes
Since there are two kinds of sources (primary and secondary), there are also two kinds of quotations: either we quote a text which we will interpret, or we quote a text which supports your interpretation.
Some quotation rules to know:
“Quote the object of your interpretive analysis with reasonable abundance.”
“Quote the critical literature only when its authority corroborates or confirms your statements. (…) when quoting or citing critical [aka secondary] literature, be sure that it says something new, or that it confirms authoritatively what you have said.”
“If you don’t want readers to presume that you share the opinion of the quoted author, you must include your own critical remarks before or after the passage.”
“Make sure that the author and the source of your quote are clearly identifiable.”
“When a quote does not exceed two or three lines, you can insert it into the body of the text enclosed in quotation marks. (…) When the quote is longer, it is better to set it off as a block quotation. In this case the quotation marks are not necessary, because it is clear that all set-off passages are quotes, and we must commit to a different system for our observations. (Any secondary developments [like the quote’s reference] should appear in a note.) (…) This method is quite convenient because it immediately reveals the quoted texts; it allows the reader to skip them if he is skimming, to linger if he is more interested in the quoted texts than in our commentary, and finally, to find them immediately when need be.”
Some footnote rules to know:
“Use notes to add additional supporting bibliographical references on a topic you discuss in the text. For example, ‘on this topic see also so-and-so.’”
“Use notes to introduce a supporting quote that would have interrupted the text. If you make a statement in the text and then continue directly to the next statement for fluidity, a superscript note reference after the first statement can refer the reader to a note in which a well-known authority backs up your assertion.”
“Use notes to expand on statements you have made in the text. Use notes to free your text from observations that, however important, are peripheral to your argument or do nothing more than repeat from a different point of view what you have essentially already said.”
“Use notes to correct statements in the text. You may be sure of your statements, but you should also be conscious that someone may disagree, or you may believe that, from a certain point of view, it would be possible to object to your statement. Inserting a partially restrictive note will then prove not only your academic honesty but also your critical spirit.”
“Use notes to provide a translation of a quote, or to provide the quote in the original language.”
How to Build Emotion Text Analyzer with Python (NLP) https://morioh.com/p/e5f8fea33c47 #morioh #tutorial #ai #machinelearning #nlp #python
how to save and make money as a student
making money
tutoring! one of the easiest to make good money in limited time! you don’t have to make home calls if you sign up to an online tutoring agency and tutor over skype
sell your old clothes. to friends/classmates or online (eBay or depop are my favourite platforms)
sell your old notes. this is easily done online and a good way to make a little extra cash
sell your skills. sites like etsy and redbubble are good places to make money off your creative talents
saving money
save £1378 in a year with my free printable
make coffee and tea at home. those daily £3 coffees add up quickly
take your own mug to coffee shops. if you can’t resist the temptation of a coffee shop coffee take your own mug. pret a manger gives you a 50p discount if you bring your own mug and caffe nero gives you double stamps
don’t carry money with you all the time. this will just make you tempted to spend
never buy another bottle of water. carry a reusable bottle with you, bottled water is very very overpriced considering most cafes will refill your bottle for free
don’t use apple pay. if you always have access to money you’ll be much more tempted to go into that shop and buy the top you passed in the window
food prep! carry snacks and a packed lunch with you to avoid pricey snack bars and ready meals. this is also an easy way to be healthier
home cook. this is always cheaper than eating out and 99% of the time cheaper than pot noodles/ramen. home cooking is even more affordable if you do it in bulk or with friends
borrow and download free ebooks and audiobooks as much as possible
make good use of the library. instead of buying books borrow them for free, a library membership is often free if you belong to a university/college but a membership is still often cheaper than buying lots of books if you’re a big reader
bring reusable bags to avoid paying for plastic bags and be kinder to the environment.
go paperless. avoid printing costs and look after the environment
cut your own hair. going to the hairdressers is expensive and can be saved as a treat but if you just need to trim your split ends there’s no reason why you shouldn’t do it yourself or get a friend to help you
pre drink! if you are going out then drink alcohol at home it’s much cheaper than buying it in pubs or bars
other
use cash. it’s much easier to avoid spending money and stick to your budget when you can see exactly how much you have
keep track of your saving and spending. i love the ‘pocket expense’ app. this will also show you what things you are overspending on
collect coupons and loyalty cards. points make prizes!
create a culture of clothes borrowing among your friends. instead of always buying new things for events
99 legal sites to download literature
The Classics
Browse works by Mark Twain, Joseph Conrad and other famous authors here.
Classic Bookshelf: This site has put classic novels online, from Charles Dickens to Charlotte Bronte.
The Online Books Page: The University of Pennsylvania hosts this book search and database.
Project Gutenberg: This famous site has over 27,000 free books online.
Page by Page Books: Find books by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and H.G. Wells, as well as speeches from George W. Bush on this site.
Classic Book Library: Genres here include historical fiction, history, science fiction, mystery, romance and children’s literature, but they’re all classics.
Classic Reader: Here you can read Shakespeare, young adult fiction and more.
Read Print: From George Orwell to Alexandre Dumas to George Eliot to Charles Darwin, this online library is stocked with the best classics.
Planet eBook: Download free classic literature titles here, from Dostoevsky to D.H. Lawrence to Joseph Conrad.
The Spectator Project: Montclair State University’s project features full-text, online versions of The Spectator and The Tatler.
Bibliomania: This site has more than 2,000 classic texts, plus study guides and reference books.
Online Library of Literature: Find full and unabridged texts of classic literature, including the Bronte sisters, Mark Twain and more.
Bartleby: Bartleby has much more than just the classics, but its collection of anthologies and other important novels made it famous.
Fiction.us: Fiction.us has a huge selection of novels, including works by Lewis Carroll, Willa Cather, Sherwood Anderson, Flaubert, George Eliot, F. Scott Fitzgerald and others.
Free Classic Literature: Find British authors like Shakespeare and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, plus other authors like Jules Verne, Mark Twain, and more.
Textbooks
If you don’t absolutely need to pay for your textbooks, save yourself a few hundred dollars by reviewing these sites.
Textbook Revolution: Find biology, business, engineering, mathematics and world history textbooks here.
Wikibooks: From cookbooks to the computing department, find instructional and educational materials here.
KnowThis Free Online Textbooks: Get directed to stats textbooks and more.
Online Medical Textbooks: Find books about plastic surgery, anatomy and more here.
Online Science and Math Textbooks: Access biochemistry, chemistry, aeronautics, medical manuals and other textbooks here.
MIT Open Courseware Supplemental Resources: Find free videos, textbooks and more on the subjects of mechanical engineering, mathematics, chemistry and more.
Flat World Knowledge: This innovative site has created an open college textbooks platform that will launch in January 2009.
Free Business Textbooks: Find free books to go along with accounting, economics and other business classes.
Light and Matter: Here you can access open source physics textbooks.
eMedicine: This project from WebMD is continuously updated and has articles and references on surgery, pediatrics and more.
Keep reading
This Is Such A Good Post
Good post
Thank you so much
Coronavirus lockdown leading to drop in pollution across Europe
New data, based on observations from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite, are showing strong reductions in nitrogen dioxide concentrations over several major cities across Europe – including Paris, Madrid and Rome.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been spreading rapidly across the world – affecting 170 countries with more than 530 000 confirmed cases worldwide. The coronavirus outbreak was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation, and has since stated that the disease is ‘accelerating’.
In order to curb the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, countries across the world are implementing strict measures – placing cities and even entire countries on lockdown.
The Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite has recently mapped air pollution across Europe and China and has revealed a significant drop in nitrogen dioxide concentrations – coinciding with the strict quarantine measures. Scientists from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) have been using data from Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite to monitor both weather and pollution over Europe.
The new images clearly illustrate a strong reduction of nitrogen dioxide concentrations over major cities across Europe – specifically Milan, Paris and Madrid.
The satellite images show nitrogen dioxide concentrations from 14 to 25 March 2020, compared to the monthly average of concentrations from 2019.
Henk Eskes, from KNMI, explains why these dates were chosen, “The nitrogen dioxide concentrations vary from day to day due to changes in the weather. Conclusions cannot be drawn based on just one day of data alone.
He continues, “By combining data for a specific period of time, 10 days in this case, the meteorological variability partly averages out and we begin to see the impact of changes due to human activity.”
“The chemistry in our atmosphere is non-linear. Therefore, the percentage drop in concentrations may differ somewhat from the drop in emissions.
Atmospheric chemistry models, which account for daily changes in weather, in combination with inverse modelling techniques are needed to quantify the emission based on the satellite observations.”
The KNMI team, in collaboration with scientists worldwide, have started to work on a more detailed analysis using ground data, weather data and inverse modelling to interpret the concentrations observed, in order to estimate the influence of the shutdown measures.
Henk comments, “For quantitative estimates of the changes in the emissions due to transportation and industry, we need to combine the Tropomi data from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite with models of atmospheric chemistry. These studies have started, but will take some time to complete.”
Other countries in northern Europe are being closely monitored, including the Netherlands and the United Kingdom – but scientists have observed a larger variability owing to changing weather conditions. New measurements from this week will help to assess the changes in nitrogen dioxide over northwest Europe.
Claus Zehner, ESA’s Copernicus Sentinel-5P mission manager, says, “The special features of the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite, with its high spatial resolution and accurate ability to observe trace gases compared to other atmospheric satellite missions, allows for the generation of these unique nitrogen dioxide concentration measurements from space.”
ESA’s Director of Earth Observation Programmes, Josef Aschbacher, says, “The long-term cooperation between ESA and KNMI proves very valuable and shows the importance of complementary analyses by different partner organisations. As we can see, the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite is the best satellite equipped to monitor nitrogen dioxide concentrations on a global scale.”
10 reasons why PyTorch is one of the most popular Deep Learning Frameworks ☞ http://bit.ly/2kufyR2
#PyTorch #Python #DeepLearning #Morioh
What’s Apache Kafka? How to Perform Stream Processing Data with KSQL ☞ http://go.codetrick.net/33e5ec75bc
#bigdata #hadoop
Learning Model Building in Scikit-learn : A Python Machine Learning Library Scikit-learn is an open source Python library that implements a range of machine learning, pre-processing, cross-validation and visualization algorithms using a unified interface .☞ https://bit.ly/3amApdG #python #machinelearning
The machine learning market size has been steadily growing. The most prominent segment of this market is the deep learning software category, which is expected to reach almost $1 billion by the year 2025. Also, current machine learning market research has revealed that the market for AI-powered hardware and assistants are also expected to experience robust growth. Stay up to date on AI www.Welcome.AI
#ai #artificialintelligence #machinelearning #naturallanguageprocessing #nlp #virtualassistant #startup #stats #funding https://www.instagram.com/p/B9cOmiYAFv7/?igshid=jz6cydcn38mb
Introduction to libraries used in Machine Learning ☞ http://bit.ly/2P8MSJi
#DeepLearning #TensorFlow
Boost your efficiency and process Excel-files with Python ☞ https://towardsdatascience.com/boost-your-efficiency-and-process-excel-files-with-python-cae650c85d6c
#python #Django
Why learn Apache Spark in 2020? ☞ http://go.codetrick.net/5e797c8a12
#bigdata #hadoop
Object-oriented python (Inheritance)
Inheritance is when a class uses code constructed within another class.
Classes called child classes or subclasses inherit methods and variables from parent classes or base classes. Because the Child subclass is inheriting from the Parent base class, the Child class can reuse the code of Parent, allowing the programmer to use fewer lines of code and decrease redundancy.
Parent Classes
Parent or base classes create a pattern out of which child or subclasses can be based on. Parent classes allow us to create child classes through inheritance without having to write the same code over again each time.
Child Classes
Child or subclasses are classes that will inherit from the parent class. That means that each child class will be able to make use of the methods and variables of the parent class.
We can call any method from the Fruit class in the Tomato class.
For example:
We can make as many child classes from one parent class as we want. Our child class can even have its own methods that the parent class does not have, and other child classes will not have them either.
Multiple Inheritance
Multiple inheritance is when a class can inherit attributes and methods from more than one parent class. Or, if you want to inherit both the parent class and another child class of that parent class, you can do it by making (from our example above) Apple a child class of Tomato class, thus inheriting all methods from the Fruit class, but also the methods from Apple class. Now if you call apple.is_round() you will not be getting the error. Or you can make another parent class (for example Vegetables) and make a child class watermelon that is the child of both Vegetables and Fruit class:
The output shows that methods from both parent classes were effectively used in the child class.
Multiple inheritance allows us to use the code from more than one parent class in a child class. If the same method is defined in multiple parent methods, the child class will use the method of the first parent declared in its tuple list.
Overriding Parent Methods
Sometimes we will want to make use of some of the parent class behaviors but not all of them. When we change parent class methods we override them.
When there will be a limited number of child classes that are more unique than others, overriding parent class methods can prove to be useful.
The SUPER() function
With the super() function, you can gain access to inherited methods that have been overwritten in a class object.
When we use the super() function, we are calling a parent method into a child method to make use of it. For example, we may want to override one aspect of the parent method with certain functionality, but then call the rest of the original parent method to finish the method.
The super() function is most commonly used within the __init__() method because that is where you will most likely need to add some uniqueness to the child class and then complete initialization from the parent.
If you haven’t already, please check out my other OOP Python tutorials: PART1 PART2
Stay tuned for next week because we will be exploring more of the OOP realm!
Know what you don’t know: Tools to understand uncertainty in DL ☞ http://bit.ly/2Mg4KAE
#DeepLearning
