PLAGIARISM & REFERENCING - NOTES
What counts as Plagiarism?
Plagiarism means taking information or ideas from another writer intentionally or unintentionally and using them in your own work, without acknowledging the source in an accepted manner. In academic work, plagiarism can be a serious offense.
Plagiarism can be punished in a court for prejudices caused by copyright infringement, violation of moral rights, or torts.
Submitting someone else’s work as your own or without credit, pasting in phrases and ideas from a variety of sources, hiring someone to write for you, as well as using artificial intelligence to write your paper are all considered plagiarism.
In academic settings, established research carries more weight than personal experience, so it’s always best to refer to a published source.
Common knowledge (either general knowledge or facts that can be assumed to be common knowledge in a particular industry) is generally exempt from needing to be backed up with sources.
Confidential information can be included in academic writing only so long as appropriate permission is provided by the affected parties.
How do you avoid plagiarism?
Plagiarism can be avoided by making use of methods such as the following:
Paraphrasing (Putting the ideas in a passage into our own words, usually following the order of the ideas in the original. All major ideas are included, and source is cited at the end.)
Summarizing (Similar to paraphrasing, but only lists only the key points and headings, and is only ⅓ the length of the original passage. Source cited at the end.)
Direct quotes with citations (Uses the exact words of the source and replaces any omitted words with ellipses.)
Referencing (When using information read in another source, creating a citation to the source in the text of your document, which refers the reader to the full reference in a reference list or bibliography at the end of the document.)
Depending on the referencing style being used, there are three standard systems for citing sources.
1. Author – Date system (Harvard)
2. Numeric system (Vancouver)
3. Notes and Bibliography system (MHRA)
Common methods of referencing include Harvard Referencing, APA Referencing, MLA Referencing, Vancouver Referencing and Chicago Referencing.