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Disclaimer

This blog was created for Megan Sanguinetti (ENVS*3000), University of Guelph.

The opinions expressed here represent my own and not those of the University of Guelph.

The University of Guelph is not responsible for the accuracy of any of the information supplied by this blog.

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Final Thoughts

To start off, I honestly can’t believe this is the last week of blog posts! It’s been so incredible to share my thoughts with everyone and read all of the different perspectives you guys have to offer. When I started this course, I thought being a nature interpreter was all about relaying facts, and I’m happy to say that this semester has completely changed my mind about what it means to interpret. I learned so many amazing ways to help people develop a meaningful connection with the environment, and I think a perfect finale for my blog would be to reflect a bit on my personal ethic and how I’d like to move forward with the knowledge I’ve gained these past few months.

For me, nature interpretation is all about passion and interest. When you’re interpreting something to an audience, you should make sure that you’re talking about something you genuinely care about so that way your audience can feel like they have a reason to care too. I personally wouldn’t learn about something I have no prior interest in if the person teaching it to me doesn’t seem like they care either. If you’ve been keeping up with my blog posts and reblogs this semester, it’s pretty obvious that my own personal interest lies in the animal kingdom. As a Zoology major I’ve always loved and been fascinated by animals, but we live in a world where hundreds of species are losing their habitat, losing resources to stay alive and going extinct under society’s watch. The natural world is under the greatest threat it’s ever faced and I want to make people care about the living things we share our planet with so they feel emboldened to take action to help protect them. As a nature interpreter, there are countless strategies I can employ to achieve this, but there are a few that I think most fit my beliefs, personalities and interests. 

Infographic on the decline of wildlife populations by Statista.

While nature interpretation is a lot more than just relaying facts, I firmly believe that the root of interpretation should be scientific evidence. When you’re in a science major and surrounded by people with similar backgrounds and interests, it’s easy to believe that certain facts, concepts and terminology are “common knowledge”, however there’s actually a significant difference between what your audience actually knows and what you as an interpreter think your audience knows.

As an interpreter it’s my responsibility to present scientific information accurately, and that means making sure my messages aren’t oversimplified but also aren’t overcomplicated. It’s easy to use complicated terminology and gloss over facts out of the belief that anyone must know what you intend to say, however being a nature interpreter means being able to take the extra effort to interpret information in a way that’s accessible to multiple different audiences. Interpretation isn’t just for those with scientific backgrounds and an interpreter should always keep in mind that not everyone comes from the same background as them.

For example, if I try to talk to people about invasive mussels in freshwater ecosystems, it may seem obvious to me why they would be an issue as I’ve learned about the specific impacts they can have. However, to someone without this background, they may be confused why something that can’t even move would be a threat and wouldn’t see any reason to think about it as a major problem especially in comparison to all of the other environmental issues they’ve heard about. Being a nature interpreter means using science to give your audience reasons as to why they should begin to care. 

However, my personal interests don’t start and stop with science. I’m also passionate about art and I believe that there’s a large amount of value in incorporating art into interpretation. When I was in elementary school, I was a huge fan of fictional book series that focused on animals and being able to read those stories only further developed my love for them. As I began practicing art, I found endless inspiration in the natural world and developed a connection to it that went beyond just being interested in the facts.

In my opinion, artistic expression is a powerful tool for an interpreter to use. Many people don’t think about the trees they pass outside or the birds they spot in their backyard, but seeing a landscape painting or reading a fun story can inspire them to begin to pay closer attention to the world outside. Nature interpretation doesn’t just have to take the form of a person lecturing in front of an audience. Even if I’m not directly teaching something, I can be a nature interpreter by writing and creating art to share with the people around me. Seeing the natural world in an artistic medium can make people feel a connection to it or recognize things about it they never did, and art can also open the door to sharing facts and information. If I make a painting of an animal someone has never seen before, they could get curious about the species and begin to wonder about it. As I touched on before, being an interpreter is all about giving people a reason to care, and art can be a wonderful way of accomplishing that.

Dozing Lynx – Acrylic on Masonite by Robert Bateman

Of course, as simple as it is to think up methods for interpretation, the real challenge lies in making these methods effective in our ever-changing world. When you look on social media or on the news, you see countless people who refuse to care about scientific evidence and facts no matter how they’re presented to them. Art has always been a way to portray ideas and feelings, but with generative AI on the rise there are countless people who see art as nothing more than a product and refuse to engage with it any deeper than the most basic appearance. As I go out into the world as a nature interpreter, will my approaches be effective or will I simply be shouting out to an audience that won’t hear me? 

It’s easy to become discouraged or pessimistic with thoughts like that, but ultimately in this course I’ve learned that nature interpretation doesn’t have to be about making huge societal changes. I won’t be able to reach every single audience, so my primary goal as a nature interpreter should be to consider how I can best impact the audience that I have in front of me, as small as they may be. I can change the way my family members and friends think about nature or I can help a group of children develop a love for the outdoors. I may not be able to change the world, but just getting a single person to look at the environment with wonder in their eyes is enough reason for me to work hard as a nature interpreter. 

With that, I end my final post! If there’s one message I would want someone to take away from my blog, it would be to always remain in love with nature. There’s so many interesting things to learn and see, and the first step to getting other people to appreciate the environment is to fully appreciate it yourself.

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Hi Oneji,

Your post was such a great way to wrap up the semester! It really captures how much our understanding of nature interpretation has evolved. I especially liked your discussion about balancing scientific accuracy with accessibility—it’s such a challenge to make sure information is engaging without oversimplifying or overwhelming people.

I relate to what you said about science being at the root of interpretation. As a Biological Science major, I see firsthand how even within the same field, people approach science in completely different ways. Right now, I’m in a class made up entirely of Bio Sci majors, and it’s funny to see how broad one major can be. Some people are all about molecular biology, while others are focused on ecology or animal behavior. It just goes to show that science is constantly evolving, and even within the same discipline, people interpret information differently based on their own interests and experiences. That makes nature interpretation even more important—it’s not just about sharing knowledge but about bridging gaps and making connections between different perspectives.

I also love how you brought up the role of art in interpretation. It reminded me that interpretation isn’t just about facts—it’s also about sparking curiosity and emotion. Art, storytelling, and creative expression can make information stick in ways that a lecture never could.

(This is one of my favourite pieces of Art, FOREST IN AUTUMN BY GUSTAVE COURBET.)

Your ideas on AI also caught my attention. There seems to be a change in how people approach both science and art with the emergence of generative AI. AI can quickly summarize difficult subjects or produce lifelike representations of the environment, but does this increase people's enjoyment of nature or does it just make knowledge seem more disposable?

I think what you said about making personal connections to nature is more important than ever. AI might be able to generate art or information, but it can’t replace the real experience of being outside. Maybe the role of nature interpreters in the future will be to help people reconnect with that real-world experience in a time when so much is digital.

It was so nice to read your final blog and I hope you continue to explore your curiosty for nature.

-Megan!

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Final Blog Post

Nature interpretation has changed quite a bit as I was able to experience new opportunities. Actually, it has changed quite drastically over the course of this class. Before starting this class, I understood nature interpretation as those who possess a wide range of knowledge of this topic. However, this class has allowed me to realize that it is more than just sharing my knowledge, but inspiring others, respecting nature, and understanding nature as more of an art than a science. I took some time through this week to really understand who I am as an interpreter. I would say that my personal beliefs and morals and responsibilities, shape the way that I interpret and share my knowledge of nature. 

As I mentioned before, growing up in a small town near Thunder Bay forced me to love nature. I spent and still do spend a lot of time outdoors; whether it’s hiking, swimming, snowshoeing, or ice fishing, you can always expect me to be outside doing something. This has led me to my first thought. Nature is not only something I observe, like enjoying the view from a hike, but rather something I interact with. For me, this looks like stepping over the pink-lady slipper in the trail to allow it to grow, climbing the tree to get a better view of the bird, keeping my distance from the black bear just over the hill in front of me. 

I now understand nature interpretation as more than just someone who delivers facts and is passionate about nature, but more as a means of storytelling and allowing nature to be accessible to all. As I mentioned in my previous post, not everyone interprets nature the same way, nor does everyone have the same experiences. So, while I am teaching my courses, I think of ways to incorporate nature into our learning, while making sure it is accessible and inclusive to everyone. Rodenburg discusses the fact that due to liability concerns, it has become quite difficult to allow students to experience the outdoors (Rodenburg, 2019). Which, ultimately, is true. However, coming from a small town surrounded by nature, and teaching in said community, nature is very accessible to us. In fact, just the other day my grade 10 science class took a walk through the trail just outside of our front doors. Which leads me to my next point that I thought about a pit more after reading one of the required readings, those of us living in more rural areas possess a wider range of sounds (Gray et al, 2001). 

This range of sounds is not only seen in those living in different areas, but also their age I found. As my class was going for a walk on the trail, we were accompanied by the Outdoor Education Class. This class is taught by someone who took Outdoor Recreation in post-secondary. As we were walking, I pointed out the sound of the distant chickadees. The kids tried to listen, but they said all they could hear was the highway nearby and the sound of their boots crunching in the snow. The other teacher paused and said that he could hear the waves crashing on the shore of the beach about 2 kilometers away from us. I was unable to hear the waves until we got about another kilometer closer. Sure enough, the waves were crashing upon the shore. This just goes to show how different experiences and means of learning increase our ability to hear the true sound of nature (Gray et al, 2001). 

Overall, I believe that nature is more than just how we as humans can use it, but about its intricate network within the thriving ecosystems. It’s about respecting mother nature and the amazing creations this world has. This belief in particular drives my understanding of nature interpretation, conservation. 

Keeping all of this in mind, there are a few roles I keep in mind as a nature interpreter and someone who teaches high school students. The first responsibility is encouraging everyone to have a connection with nature, whatever this may mean for you. I believe it is important to have this connection, whether it is directly through nature, a love for science, or any means of personal experiences. Moreover, it is super important that we inspire those to take action. I hope through my teachings, I am inspiring those to care and take responsibility for our environment. Recently, I purchased a Food Cycler composter. It burns the food waste into a fertilizer that can be used in soil. When I had purchased this, my dad was very against using it; however, now that he can see what it does and how much food waste is staying out of our garbage, he really makes sure he is putting his scraps into the bin. This directly ties into my teaching about respecting nature; speaking for the environment as a whole. Lastly, I believe it is important to keep up to date with new findings and studies. While I do not believe it is healthy to get roped into it too much, I do believe that we should stay up to date with crucial information, regardless of whether it is traditional or scientific research. 

Through the course of the past couple years, I have really found myself to grow as a nature interpreter. There are ways that I find to help myself as a learner, but also my students as well. As I mentioned, everyone interprets nature differently, which means everyone learns differently. For myself and my students, I find that having a hand-on-experience is really the best means of learning about nature. For example, when we go outside and listen to the birds, the students are really able to decipher between each call, versus sitting in a classroom and listening to the videos of them. Recently, I began to have a love for photography. This has allowed me to blend my love for science with art, thus enhancing my storytelling through visual metaphors. 

My overall journey as a nature interpreter will forever be evoliving. As I grow as an interpreter, I wish to find different ways to grow my connection with people and nature. By recently blending my passion for science and art, I believe I am capable of sparking new interests and inspiring the young minds around me. With this being my final blog post, I would like to thank everyone who took the time to read my posts; I hope you were inspired in the way you all inspired me. Keep growing <3. 

Gray, P. M., Krause, B., Atema, J., Payne, R., Krumhansl, C., & Baptista, L. (2001). The Music of Nature and the Nature of Music. Science, 291(5501), 52. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A69270354/AONE?u=guel77241&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=fb9366a8

Rodenburg, J. (2019). Why environmental educators shouldn’t give up hope. Why Environmental Educators Shouldn’t Give Up Hope. https://clearingmagazine.org/archives/14300

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Hi Calli!

Your blog was really great to read and ending it with an adorable picture of your pup was a treat! It got me to reflect on how our upbringing often influences how we perceive the natural world. I grew up in a large city where nature seemed more like something you had to seek for than something that was always there, whereas you experienced being surrounded by nature in a smaller town. Both of our approaches to interpretation have undoubtedly been impacted by that difference. Your reflection on nature interpretation really resonates with me. It’s interesting how you describe it as more than just sharing knowledge—it’s about inspiration, respect, and connection. I think that alot of people in university experience that change in viewpoint, realizing that interpretation is about more than just providing facts; it's also about giving others experiences that have value.

I also love taking pictures of nature! Growing up in a city, I had to go out of my way to find green spaces, but photography helped me slow down and really appreciate the nature around me. I love how you talked about blending science and art—it’s such a cool way to connect with nature and share it with others. Your post also reminded me of a study by Ulrich (1981) about how looking at nature versus city scenes affects people. It found that being around nature, especially water, makes people feel more relaxed and focused compared to urban spaces. Some other studies say that we love to photograph nature due to the evolution of viewing resources like water, mountains and land.

(One of my new favourite pictures I took recently in the Dominican Republic, March 2025)

You made a really good point about experience and sound, too. It’s fascinating how our ability to “hear” nature depends on what we’ve been exposed to. I was very moved by the story about the outdoor ed. class going for a stroll; it got me thinking about how much of nature we ignore just because we haven't learnt to listen for it.

Through interpretation, photography, and teaching, we both found ways to connect with nature. Your reflections highlight how interpretation isn’t just about knowledge—it’s about experience, accessibility, and inspiration. I’m excited to see how your journey as an interpreter continues to grow!

-Megan!

Ulrich, R. S. (1981). Natural Versus Urban Scenes: Some Psychophysiological Effects. Environment and Behavior, 13(5), 523-556. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916581135001 (Original work published 1981)

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Final Blog Post: My Role as a Nature Interpreter

As we come to the end of the semester, and this course, there are so many things to consider and so much information that I have learned to develop my identity as a nature interpreter. I've realized that my personal ethics are centred on accessibility, engagement, and responsibility. I think it is important to make nature interpretation meaningful for diverse audiences by using storytelling, science, and hands-on experiences. My role as an interpreter is not just to inform but to inspire action, whether that be in young children discovering nature for the first time or adults reconsidering their relationship with the environment.

At the start of this course, our first blog prompt asked us to reflect on our relationship with nature and who we confide in when connecting with it. Reading everyone’s posts and discussing their diverse backgrounds deepened my appreciation for the many ways people experience nature. In my own first reflection, I shared how growing up in a city left me feeling a bit disconnected from nature. Since then, this course has given me a greater respect and understanding of nature. Defining nature interpretation as something that is accessible and meaningful for everyone.

(One of my first memories in nature, flying a kite in a park, 2006)

The responsibility of a nature interpreter extends beyond simply relaying information. Beck et al. (2018) emphasize that interpretation should be an enjoyable and enriching experience that connects audiences emotionally and intellectually to the subject matter (p. 42). This idea aligns with my belief that interpretation should not feel like a lecture but rather an experience that allows audiences to discover, question, and develop their own understanding of environmental issues.

As Chapter 21 mentions, "Interpretation and curiosity produces a more harmonious relationship between the individual and the environment—physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually" (Beck et al., 2018).

This emphasizes the idea that when we approach nature from a sense of curiosity and a desire to understand, we begin to create a deeper connection with our environment on multiple levels.

Engaging Diverse Audiences

One of the key challenges in nature interpretation is ensuring that the message is accessible and meaningful for different audiences. Learning styles play a crucial role in shaping interpretive approaches. Chapter 7 of Beck et al. (2018) discusses how interpretation for children must differ from that for adults, emphasizing that younger audiences benefit from interactive storytelling and role-playing. Reflecting on my experience with our first podcast, I now see how tailoring content for children required simplifying complex environmental concepts and incorporating characters and adventure-based narratives. For instance, our decision to personify a raccoon as the central character aligns with Beck et al.'s (2018) argument that children learn best when they can pretend to be animals and experience life from that perspective.

Adult audiences require a different approach to interpretation. Even though narrative has its uses, it needs to be supported by more thorough scientific data and insightful debates. According to Beck et al. (2018), Chapter 3, interpretive activities should provide visitors with a deeper understanding of a topic, allowing them to leave with new insights that they can apply in their own lives.

My relationship with Nature

Studying biological science with a minor in neuroscience often means focusing on lab work and structured research, which can sometimes feel disconnected from nature. However, early experiences as a child, like my familys camping trips, provided a unique perspective. Even though these trips were more like "glamping," they provided a contrast to life in downtown Toronto, where wildlife sightings were rare. In the best way, being up close with deer, bunnies, and other creatures made nature seem vast and strange. Now that I am in university, my time spent outdoors is appreciated in a new light, as a peaceful escape. Chapter 3 highlights how direct experiences in nature contribute to a sense of care and responsibility, which aligns with how early exposure to nature shaped a lasting appreciation for it.

(Montmorency Falls, Quebec, 2025)

The Role of Technology in Nature

There is always a balancing act involved in this relationship between science and nature. While data and research drive understanding, nature is more than just something to be analyzed—it’s an experience, a system, and a space that exists beyond human influence. Deeper understanding of ecosystems, conservation, and even the function of neurology in comprehending how humans interact with nature is made possible by it. But it can also create distance, replacing direct experiences with digital ones. The challenge is finding a balance—using technology to enhance understanding without losing the connection to the natural world.

Since ethics influence how nature is perceived, appreciated, and even preserved, they are important in environmental interpretation. People's experiences and interactions with nature are influenced by a variety of factors, including scientific accuracy, inclusion, accessibility, and cultural sensitivity. Beck et al. (2018) highlight the role of interpreters in making nature accessible to all, removing barriers that may prevent people from engaging with it. Views such as this remind interpreters that there are multiple ways to comprehend and value the natural world, challenging conventional scientific methods.

Like any perspective, this is always evolving. Just as time in nature has changed in meaning over the years, so does the understanding of its role in science. Finding ways to bridge scientific study with lived experience remains an ongoing process—one that continues to shape both learning and appreciation for the nature.

I place great importance on my relationship with nature, which I know will only grow stronger as I age. While many of the individuals I know from small towns aspire to live in cities, I see myself living on a farm or somewhere else outside of the city in the future. Nature, in my opinion, has a far bigger impact on our lives than we often recognize or appreciate. However, I'm truly thankful that this course has helped me become more conscious of it.

Thank you for reading,

Megan!

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D.M. (2018) Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For a Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

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The feminine urge to have a full garden of this🥹💓

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The most amazing thing about nature!

Hey everyone, it’s been a while! Welcome back to my blog.

Today I want to talk about something really fascinating to me. Not sure how fascinating you all will find it but it really blows my mind to think about. 

I learned this fascinating thing while I was studying for my DAT test this summer. While studying for the biology section, a fact popped up about how dark the very deepest depths of the ocean are – like pitch black! Which then led me to a deep dive where I learned a crazy fact (that may be super obvious to most of you, but I just never thought about it).

The DEEP SEA ANIMALS who live in these pitch black areas, have evolved WITHOUT EYES…because they don’t even NEED them! These animals live in COMPLETE DARKNESS! This complete darkness begins at the Midnight Zone (1000-4000 meters deep) of the ocean and below (Scott, 2024). 

Some of these animals (who have eyes) evolved bioluminescence to be able to see which is also super cool. 

Check out this link to learn more!

The big-picture super fascinating takeaway about nature that I gathered from this wormhole I got sent into is how insane our adaptability and evolution is depending on our environment. 

Yes, I know, there are full courses on this and this maybe shouldn’t be a big realization for me at this age…but it totally was! I had never thought about it this much until this summer! A fish with no eyes, living in complete darkness!!! 

Anyway, back to interpreting this though…

When I hear something like this, it truly opens my eyes about nature itself. For example, just humankind. Comparing a bicyclist to someone who isn’t very active, the cyclist would probably have really strong quads, because they need to! Someone who’s mainly sedentary likely wouldn’t, because they don’t really need those super muscular quads. 

My roommate's family is full of marathon runners and just long distance runners in general. Since that’s the environment she grew up in, she also took part and has incredible endurance when she runs. Me on the other hand, people in my family actually liked to do sprints and quick paced sports like basketball. 

Though both of these examples aren’t necessarily evolutionary adaptations, it's just an example of how your environment can impact the way you are and act. 

Then I start thinking about how this also affects the way we interpret things. Depending on what experiences one has accumulated, this changes their perception and interpretation of what is around them. 

Not to bring up the whole nature vs. nurture debate, but I think they both truly interact with each other in a very complex way. 

If you put someone who’s whole family for generations has lived in a climate that doesn’t have much sunlight, and has lots of cold weather, and suddenly moved them somewhere tropical, it would likely take their bodies a long time to get used to it, and vice versa. 

But eventually, our bodies would be able to adapt to it. The same way the fish in the deep sea, because of its environment, adapted by using bioluminescence or even evolving without eyes to have their energy used elsewhere rather than on unnecessary sight. Crazy!!!!

These differences that we all share, even between human beings (even though we are the same species) are such an advantage. It is amazing that we have so many different perspectives and ways we interpret based on our personal upbringing and experiences. In Chapter 21 of the textbook it is stated that “we need to become more proactive in making an interpretative approach an integral part of tourism experiences” (Beck et al., 2018, p. 459). Though the context of this was that tourism is a powerful driver for the economy, I think this also ties into the fact that being able to explore a new place with a very different set of perspectives as a local person really adds new levels of depth that the locals probably hadn’t even thought of! The textbook said it well: “taking into account diversity is critical to success” (Beck et al., 2018, p. 461).

Anyways, that is all from me this week. Sorry if I sent you into a million different directions in this post. The way we are so diverse in nature and really change based on our environments is truly so fascinating, I could talk about it forever! 

Take care,

Kattrina 

References

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

Scott, K. (2025, January 10). Animals of the ocean depths. Oceana. https://oceana.org/blog/animals-of-the-ocean-depths/ 

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Hey Kattrina!

Your post really got me thinking about the adaptability of life and how nature continually surprises us. The fact that deep-sea animals don’t even need eyes because it’s pitch black down there is insane! It's the perfect example of how organisms adapt to their environments in ways that are almost unfathomable. I found this photo on Tumblr that I thought was cool!

It highlights how evolution doesn’t just shape physical traits, but it also pushes species to develop unique strategies for survival based on specific environmental factors. It’s fascinating to consider that these adaptations, while seemingly extreme, are just a natural response to the conditions in which these animals live.

Your analogy of how our environments shape our abilities—like a cyclist developing strong quads—really resonated with me. It ties into how interpretation of nature can differ based on personal experience. For example, a person raised in a tropical climate might interpret cold weather very differently than someone used to it. This connects to the textbook’s point about the importance of understanding diverse perspectives when engaging with others, especially in educational contexts (Beck et al., 2018). As the text suggests, integrating different interpretative approaches based on diverse experiences can make learning more inclusive and impactful.

I also appreciated how you linked these ideas to interpretation in tourism. Bringing different perspectives into how we understand and experience new environments enriches our interactions with them. Whether it’s through education or tourism, embracing diverse interpretations adds a new layer of depth to our understanding of both cultural and natural heritage.

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. SAGAMORE Publishing, Sagamore Venture.

All the best,

Megan!

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09: The Underground Internet of Trees

Imagine walking through a forest, breathing in the fresh, earthy, scent of the trees, while hearing the crunch of leaves beneath your feet. What if I told you that beneath those leaves under your feet, an entire underground network is buzzing with activity—trees communicating to each other, sharing resources, even warning each other of danger?

(Photo I took yesterday, enjoying the beautiful warm weather in the Kortright Woods Trail, March 10th)

This is ACTUAL science, not fiction. Mycorrhizal fungi are a vast underground fungal network that connect ecosystems. Trees can "communicate" by sending chemical signals through the soil thanks to these fungi, that cling to tree roots and function as nature's internet. Older, larger trees (called "mother trees") even send nutrients to younger ones to help them survive. This is by far one of the most interesting parts of nature I have read about, I love how every aspect seems to be connected.

How it Works:

Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with tree roots, attaching to them and extending their reach. In exchange for sugars from the tree (produced through photosynthesis), the fungi provide nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil (Willis, Rodrigues, & Harris, 2013).

Scientists have discovered that trees use these fungal networks to send chemical and electrical signals to one another. When a tree is attacked by pests, such as a swarm of hungry insects, it sends warning signals across the network. Nearby trees detect these signals and begin creating defensive chemicals to protect themselves. Some species even produce airborne compounds that attract predator insects to eliminate the threat for them.

Even more incredible? Trees recognize their own progeny. A "mother tree" will provide more nutrients to her offspring than unrelated trees nearby, increasing their chances of survival (Willis et al., 2013).

(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, https://cid-inc.com/, 2023.)

Understanding nature's intricate relationships, such as the role of mycorrhizal fungus in tree communication, takes more than simply scientific understanding; it also requires education and involvement (Branco et al., 2022). Environmental education is critical in helping people understand these natural phenomena and recognize their value in maintaining healthy ecosystems.

While the idea of trees communicating through underground fungal networks, known as the "Wood Wide Web," is captivating, it’s not without controversy. Some scientists, like Justine Karst from the University of Alberta, caution against overselling the idea. In a study published in Nature Ecology & Evolution, Karst and colleagues argue that many popular claims about trees “talking” or protecting each other via mycorrhizal networks are not fully supported by evidence (Karst et al., 2023). This highlights a divide in the scientific community, where some researchers embrace the concept, while others remain skeptical, emphasizing the need for more data.

Organizations like the Canadian Network for Environmental Education and Communication (EECOM) and Interpretation Canada are at the forefront of this educational movement. They provide platforms where environmental educators can connect, share resources, and develop programs that bring scientific discoveries to life for all ages. These networks foster a community of educators, researchers, and practitioners who are passionate about translating complex ecological concepts into engaging, accessible lessons.

For example, EECOM hosts conferences and professional development workshops where educators can learn how to effectively convey environmental issues, such as the significance of fungi in ecosystems. These events provide an opportunity to debate creative ways of environmental education, such as storytelling, hands-on experiences, and outdoor activities. By providing educators with the resources they need to promote curiosity about nature, we can motivate the next generation to cherish and protect the environment.

When people understand the fascinating and complex world beneath the forest floor, they are more likely to care about preserving it. This awareness can lead to changes in behavior, advocacy for policies that protect ecosystems, and, ultimately, a more sustainable future for both nature and humanity.

SO..

The next time you find yourself in a forest, take a moment to appreciate the hidden world beneath your feet. The trees might not be speaking in words, but they are definitely having a conversation. They warn each other of danger, share food, and care for their young—all through a network older than the internet itself (Branco et al., 2022).

If trees can look out for one another, maybe we should do the same.

My references:

Branco, S., Schauster, A., Liao, H. L., & Ruytinx, J. (2022). Mechanisms of stress tolerance and their effects on the ecology and evolution of mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist, 235(6), 2158-2175.

Gorzelak, M. A., Asay, A. K., Pickles, B. J., & Simard, S. W. (2015). Inter-plant communication through mycorrhizal networks mediates complex adaptive behaviour in plant communities. AoB PLANTS, 7, plv050. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv050

Willis, A., Rodrigues, B. F., & Harris, P. J. (2013). The ecology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 32(1), 1-20.

Pacific Museum of Earth | Canadian Association of Science Centres

The Pacific Museum of Earth at the University of British Columbia took part in the Vancouver School Board Sustainability Connection (VSBSC)

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Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington, USA by Dan Mihai

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Blog 7: Nature Interpretation through Music

Where is Music in Nature? Where is Nature in Music?

Music is everywhere in nature, woven into the landscape in ways both obvious and subtle. The natural world is filled with rhythms, harmonies, and melodies, Some are created by the forces of the earth itself, others by the animals that call it home. The wind, for example, sings as it moves through trees, whistles through mountain passes, and howls across open fields. Water has its own percussion section, from the steady, rhythmic crashing of ocean waves to the gentle bubbling of a brook over smooth stones. Rain plays its own song, tapping against leaves, rooftops, and windows, while distant thunder rolls like a deep drum, echoing through the sky.

Some of my fondest memories involve listening to the music of nature, especially with my mom. We used to sit outside under the roof awning during thunderstorms, watching as lightning strikes the sky and feeling the rumble of thunder in our chests. There was something calming about it, as though nature was putting on a show just for us. Even silence in nature carries a musical quality, the stillness of a snow-covered forest or a quiet summer morning on the lake has a presence, a weight, that feels like a delicate pause in a grand symphony.

Then, of course, there are the animals who contribute to nature’s music. The singing of birds at dawn, the call of a loon echoing across an open lake, or even the hauntingly beautiful songs of whales deep beneath the ocean all add layers to nature’s soundscape. Each of these sounds reminds us that music is not just something we create, it’s something we are surrounded by every day.

Just as music exists in nature, nature is also deeply embedded in music. Many instruments, both historically and today, are made from natural materials. Wooden flutes, string instruments made from gut and bone, and drums with stretched animal hides all connect music to the earth. Even modern instruments, though often synthetic, are modeled after the organic materials they once depended on.

Beyond the instruments themselves, nature frequently finds its way into music as a theme. Countless songs use nature as metaphors for emotion. Many calming or meditation tracks incorporate recordings of rain, waves, or birdsong to evoke feelings of peace and grounding. Whether through physical instruments or inspiration, nature remains an integral part of the music we create.

A Song That Takes Me Back to Nature 

For me, the song that instantly transports me to a natural landscape is Stairway to Heaven by Led Zeppelin. Every summer, my family and close friends would gather at our cottage in Muskoka, where we spent days swimming, boating, and exploring the wilderness. But the best part of the day was always the campfire. My mom’s childhood friend, Barry, would bring his guitar, and as the fire crackled, we would all sing along to classic songs under the stars. Without fail, we always ended the night with Stairway to Heaven. Sitting by the fire, surrounded by family, the song felt like it belonged to that exact moment, as if it had been written for nights like those.

To this day, whenever I hear Stairway to Heaven, I am immediately transported back to the cottage. I can almost feel the warmth of the fire on my skin and see the glow of the embers rising into the night sky filled with stars. It’s a reminder of how music and nature are deeply connected, not just in sound but in the memories and emotions they create.

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Hi Piper!

Your post beautifully captures the deep connection between music and nature, making me want to stop and listen more closely to the world around me. The way you describe nature as a living orchestra—where the wind sings, water keeps the beat, and thunder rolls like a drum—is so vivid. 

The moment with your mom, sitting under the awning and listening to thunderstorms, is such a powerful image. I think it’s incredible how nature’s music can be both wild and soothing.

I also love how you connect music and nature through instruments. It’s easy to forget that many of the sounds we love today started with simple materials—wood, bone, hide—drawn straight from nature itself.

And Stairway to Heaven—what a perfect song for those cottage nights! The way you describe the fire crackling, embers floating into the night sky, and everyone singing together is pure nostalgia to me.  It’s amazing how music can hold onto a memory so strongly, transporting you back.

Hope you continue sharing these memories through your blog posting,

Megan!

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Akaroa, South Island, New Zealand

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07: The Soundtrack of Nature

When we think of "music in nature" we often think of the sounds that occur naturally. Birds chirping in the morning, the rustle of leaves in the breeze, or the deep, resonating call of a whale underwater. In a sense, nature itself is constantly creating music, a reminder that we are all interconnected through sound.

A study by Krause et al. (2001) discusses how the sounds of nature are a form of musical language in the animal kingdom, revealing how creatures like birds and whales use sound for social and ecological purposes. The intricate patterns of sound created by these animals can be seen as a natural form of music that aids in communication and survival.

But nature isn’t the only one bringing the music. We humans have been adding our own notes to the natural soundtrack for centuries. From folk songs about the land to modern artists mixing bird calls into their tracks, music allows us to interpret and connect with the environment. Imagine a composer taking inspiration from the waves crashing on a beach or a forest breeze—these moments create music that helps us reflect on our place in the world.

Music and Education: A Tool for Learning

From an educational perspective, music is a fantastic tool for connecting students to the environment. Imagine a class where students are learning about ecosystems and wildlife, and instead of just listening to a lecture, they’re immersed in sounds from nature. Birds singing, rivers flowing, leaves rustling—these sounds, paired with music, could transform a typical classroom experience into an adventure. Music taps into our emotional and sensory memories, which helps us connect with the information on a deeper level.

Music can engage a variety of learning styles, making education more memorable. A study by the National Endowment for the Arts (2015) found that music can significantly enhance learning and memory retention. Additionally, it can help students from diverse cultural backgrounds connect with material in more meaningful ways.

Did you take music in high school? I did, and I loved it so much that I continued with it all the way through to Grade 12. But I know a lot of my friends chose visual arts or drama instead. Whether you were involved in music, visual arts, or another creative subject, all of these forms of expression help us connect with the world around us in unique ways.

Ultimately, music in nature—and nature in music—helps foster a deeper relationship with the world around us. It can inspire us to become stewards of the land, to recognize the interconnectedness of all living things, and to approach nature with respect and wonder. Music has the power to shape how we see, feel, and interact with our surroundings.

Let's face it—adding a song to an Instagram story almost always makes it better, right? Whether you're sharing a sunset, a hike through the forest, or just vibing with nature, the right tune sets the perfect mood. It’s like magic. Suddenly, that simple snapshot of a landscape becomes a moment. Music transforms the atmosphere and adds layers of feeling—like you can almost hear the wind, feel the warmth of the sun, or sense the peaceful quiet of the forest. The right music can turn a simple hike into an super fun journey or transform a quiet moment in nature into something unforgettable.

Well, thanks for reading and letting me share my thoughts on how music and nature connect! I’d love to hear what you think—do you believe music has the power to shape how we experience the natural world?

From an educational standpoint, the blend of music with nature can deepen our understanding and emotional connection, making learning more engaging and memorable.

Do you have any songs that transport you to a particular place in nature? I’d love to hear your perspectives on how music can influence both our personal and educational experiences in the outdoors.

National Endowment for the Arts. (2015). How music education supports academic achievement. National Endowment for the Arts.

Gray, P., Krause, B., Atema, J., Payne, R., Krumhansl, C., & Baptista, L. (2001). The Music of Nature and the Nature of Music. Science, 291(5501), 52-54.

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Blog 06: Keeping History and Nature Whole

"There is no peculiar merit in ancient things, but there is merit in integrity, and integrity entails the keeping together of the parts of any whole, and if these parts are scattered throughout time, then the maintenance of integrity entails a knowledge, a memory, of ancient things. …. To think, feel or act as though the past is done with, is equivalent to believing that a railway station through which our train has just passed, only existed for as long as our train was in it." (Edward Hyams, Chapter 7, The Gifts of Interpretation)

Edward Hyams challenges the way we think about history, understanding the past is crucial to maintaining integrity. He uses the metaphor of a railway station to critique the idea that history becomes irrelevant once it has passed. History remains a vital part of shaping the present, whether we acknowledge it or not.

Hyams redefines integrity beyond personal morality and honesty, framing it instead as a cohesive understanding of ideas, values, and events over time. When history is forgotten or fragmented, our ability to make sense of both the present and the future is compromised. Historical memory, then, is not about nostalgia for a lost past but about ensuring continuity in ethical, intellectual, and cultural frameworks.

This perspective is particularly relevant in conservation and environmental science, where understanding the past is critical to making informed decisions about the future.

What does this have to do with nature?

Even the way we interpret nature is deeply dependent on our historical knowledge and the way we have engaged with the environment over time. For instance, something as simple as map-reading has evolved drastically over the years. Early maps were drawn from direct human exploration, often reflecting a combination of reality and myth.

As cartography advanced with technological progress, our ability to navigate landscapes changed entirely, affecting how we perceive and interact with nature. Today, satellite imagery and digital maps provide an instantaneous, data-driven perspective of the world, yet they also distance us from the traditional, experience-based relationship with the land that previous generations relied on. This shift demonstrates that our understanding of nature is not static—it is built on layers of historical knowledge that shape the way we see and engage with the environment.

Are we losing a deeper sense of place and connection to landscapes because we rely so much on digital maps, rather than firsthand exploration? I remember when I was a kid, my parents always had a huge book of maps to get around Ontario, it was always kept in the back of the passenger seat pocket.

This perspective reminds us that human activities are not isolated events but part of an ongoing history that continues to shape the world around us. When we interpret and share the histories of these places, we are not merely reflecting on the past; we are making a statement about the present and the responsibility we hold for the future.

As Beck et al. state, history serves as a tool for reflection and comprehension. When we listen to stories of the past, we gain insight into how we arrived at the present and how we can create a better future. This applies not just to personal or cultural histories but also to our relationship with nature. If we forget the past—if we ignore the lessons embedded in landscapes, ecosystems, and conservation efforts—we risk making the same mistakes again.

IF nature itself is a record of history, how does human intervention (deforestation, urbanization, etc.) act as a form of "historical erasure"?

Thanks for reading, and let me know what your thoughts are :)

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Blog Post #5 – What I Find Fascinating About Nature Interpretation (Free Write)

Nature interpretation has always fascinated me because it represents a unique convergence of storytelling, education, and environmental stewardship. At its core, nature interpretation is not merely about pointing out a scenic vista or identifying flora and fauna; it’s about weaving narratives that connect people to the living tapestry of our natural world. This dynamic practice involves not only a guide or leader but also a deliberate effort to bridge the gap between the observer and the environment, encouraging deeper reflection and engagement.

When I first think of nature interpretation, I envision an experienced guide leading a diverse group through a vibrant landscape, using stories that reveal the historical, cultural, and ecological significance of the place. This process transforms a simple walk-in nature into an immersive learning experience. It creates a dialogue where the guide not only educates but also listens, adapting the narrative to the interests and backgrounds of the audience. In doing so, nature interpretation becomes a powerful tool for inclusivity, inviting people from all walks of life to connect with their environment on a personal level.

A quick search for “nature interpretation” images often reveals a familiar tableau: groups of primarily able-bodied individuals enjoying nature in comfortable settings, guided by an expert who seems to have a predetermined narrative to follow. While these images capture the essence of guided outdoor learning, they also raise questions about who gets to participate in these experiences and whose stories are told. This observation echoes the critical perspectives offered by Beck et al. (2018). The authors challenge us to reconsider conventional methods of interpretation by highlighting the importance of accessibility and cultural relevance. They argue that as interpreters, we must be mindful of not only what is being communicated, but also of who is being reached and how.

What truly fascinates me about nature interpretation is its potential to evolve. It’s a field in which we can continually refine our practices to create richer, more engaging, and more inclusive experiences. For instance, by integrating local indigenous knowledge or underrepresented cultural narratives, interpreters can offer alternative perspectives that enrich the story of a landscape. This is not just about adding another layer of information; it’s about recognizing that nature is experienced differently by diverse communities, and that these varied experiences are essential to the complete story of any given place.

Moreover, nature interpretation is inherently adaptive. Every outing is an opportunity to learn and grow - both for the audience and for the interpreter. Whether it’s refining our storytelling techniques, rethinking how we present information through signage and media, or engaging more directly with the community’s needs, the field is constantly evolving. As we progress, our role transforms from a mere conveyor of facts to a facilitator of meaningful experiences. This evolution is both a challenge and a thrill, as it encourages us to continually question our assumptions about who can enjoy and benefit from nature.

In essence, what I find most fascinating about nature interpretation is its transformative power. It is a practice that not only educates but also builds bridges - between people and nature, past and present, science and culture. As we strive to become better interpreters, the journey itself becomes a pathway to a more inclusive and enriched understanding of our natural world.

Photo I took of the White Cliffs of Dover in Dover, England (2024).

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage for a better world. Sagamore Publishing.

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Hi Christine,

I think nature interpretation is such a cool and ever-changing field, and I really enjoyed reading your take on it!

The way you describe it as a mix of storytelling, education, and environmental stewardship really hits home. I also love that you brought up accessibility and inclusivity—those are huge but often overlooked parts of the experience.

One thing that really stood out to me was how you see interpretation as more of a conversation than just a guide handing out facts. The best nature experiences are the ones where people actually get involved, not just listen. The facts I often remember about a place are the ones that are the most personal..

Beck et al. (2018) really back this up—interpreters need to be aware of whose stories they’re telling and how they’re telling them.

I also loved your take on incorporating Indigenous knowledge and diverse cultural perspectives. That’s such an important way to make interpretation more meaningful. Nature isn’t just about science and landscapes—it’s also about history, culture, and the ways different communities connect with the land.

Your post really got me thinking, and I’m excited to keep exploring how nature interpretation can evolve to be more inclusive and engaging.

Thanks for sharing your thoughts! Btw the photo you took in Dover is stunning!!

Megan ☺️

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05: Where does Nature fit in your world?

Consider this: in many big cities, people are increasingly concerned with living healthier lives by eating organic food, prioritizing sustainable products, or cutting down on plastic. They turn to local farmers’ markets, read up on climate change, and advocate for environmental policies. Yet, they often live in polluted, concrete-dense environments—far removed from the natural world they are trying to preserve.

The irony is hard to ignore: how can we truly prioritize nature if we don’t fully understand it or connect with it in the first place? How can we protect something we’ve become so detached from?

Image of “Manahattan” from the Museum of City of New York // Wildlife Conservation Society 

Local farmers market every Saturday in my neighborhood in Toronto, The Stop’s Farmers’ Market at Wychwood Barns.

When we talk about environmental science or biology, it’s not just about memorizing names or classifications. It’s about experiencing the world and learning to interpret it in meaningful ways. How does it feel to be surrounded by the quiet of a forest or the rustle of leaves in the wind? Science and nature are inextricable—one does not exist without the other. And yet, so often in classrooms, the study of nature is isolated from the study of science, as if they belong in different worlds.

Nature, to me, existed beyond the classroom—something that could be enjoyed on the weekend but didn’t play a role in the everyday learning experience. It wasn’t until much later that I realized just how much I had been missing.

Nature is everywhere -- we just need to learn to see it

How do you define "nature?" If we define it as that which is untouched by humans, then we won't have any left, says environmental writer Emm

[This Ted Talk explores how we can rethink our relationship with both nature and science.]

Looking back, I can’t help but wonder how different my connection to nature might have been if it had actually been part of my education—not just something mentioned in passing. What if science class had gone beyond facts and formulas and actually taught us to recognize the trees lining our streets or the ecosystems thriving just beyond the playground?

The truth is, science exists because of nature. Every discovery, every breakthrough, every piece of knowledge we have about the world stems from observing, questioning, and interacting with the environment around us. But somewhere along the way, science became something we study indoors, detached from the very world it seeks to explain.

So maybe the real question is:

What kind of education do we want for the next generation? One that treats nature as an optional extra, or one that recognizes it as the foundation of everything we know?

It’s not enough to care about nature in theory; we have to know it, experience it, and understand how deeply it’s woven into every part of our lives. And that starts with education. If we want future generations to do more than just react to environmental crises, we have to give them the tools to build a relationship with nature from the start. 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For a better world (Revised ed.). Urbana, IL: Sagamore-Venture.

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Brian Yates, Untitled (from 18th century diarists series), 2024.

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04: Nature Intrepretation Through Art

Interpreting nature through art is more than just capturing what we see, it is about conveying the essence of the natural world in a way that others can feel, understand, and connect with.

Art serves as a universal language, allowing individuals to express their personal relationship with nature while fostering a collective appreciation for its beauty and significance.

Is There A “Correct” Interpretation of a Work of Art? Balancing the personal and contextual response. Christopher P Jones.

As Beck et al. (2018) discuss, effective interpretation requires making meaningful connections between the audience and the subject matter. This idea resonates with my belief that art can bridge the gap between personal experience and public understanding, making nature’s beauty more accessible and deeply felt. Whether through painting, photography, music, or sculpture, art transforms fleeting moments into lasting impressions, allowing others to engage with nature in a more profound way.

The Oxbow (1836), Thomas Cole

Thomas Cole founded the Hudson River School, one of the most formative groups in American painting.

The Hudson River School, founded by Thomas Cole, exemplifies this relationship between art and nature. The Oxbow(1836) is a striking representation of the American landscape, not just as scenery but as something emotionally and culturally significant. Similarly, the Group of Seven shaped Canadian identity by capturing the wilderness in a way that evokes both admiration and reverence. These artistic movements highlight how art not only depicts nature but also shapes our perception of it. When I think about "the gift of beauty," I see it as more than aesthetics—it’s about the way nature inspires awe, reflection, and a sense of belonging. Some of the most powerful experiences in nature are those that momentarily transport us—standing before a vast mountain range, witnessing the quiet perfection of a sunrise, or noticing intricate patterns in a butterfly’s wings. Art allows us to preserve and share these moments, extending their impact beyond the immediate experience.

One piece that particularly resonated with me was a floral sculpture of a fish I photographed at the CNE in August 2024. It was fascinating to see how living plants could be arranged to mimic the form of an animal, blurring the line between nature and artistic expression. The sculpture wasn’t just an artistic representation of a fish—it was made of nature itself, reinforcing the idea that art and the environment are deeply intertwined.

A picture of a flower sculpture I took at the CNE this year, August 2024.

As a biological science student, I often think about how our appreciation of beauty is shaped by evolution. The places we find most visually appealing—lush landscapes, clear waters, vibrant ecosystems—are often the ones that sustain life. This connection between beauty and survival might explain why nature has inspired artists for centuries.

From ancient cave paintings to modern environmental art, humans have always used artistic expression to interpret and communicate the world around them. In this way, interpreting nature through art is more than just an artistic pursuit—it is a means of deepening our connection to the environment and inspiring a shared sense of wonder and responsibility toward it. Whether through a painting, a poem, or a photograph, art gives us a way to engage with the natural world beyond observation, transforming it into something meaningful and enduring.

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage for a better world. Sagamore Publishing.