Variable Noise Floor
Not all noise reduction can be done automatically with plug‑ins, or at least not yet! If you have a noise problem on an unrepeatable and valuable recording, it may be worth contacting an expert restoration service, such as Cedar Audio's Bureau service.A changing noise floor poses a greater challenge, and may be an issue when treating a complete mix in which noisy sources, such as guitar amps or old synths, are turned up and down. Companies at the cutting edge of audio restoration, such as CEDAR Audio and Sonic Solutions, have devised algorithms that can recognise noise in the presence of a wanted signal and create a dynamic noise profile to follow them. Exactly how they do this remains a secret (but it stands to reason that if the human hearing system can detect noise, an algorithmic solution must ultimately be possible). One method would be to use a process known as auto‑correlation, which looks for constants present in a varying signal. Using that method, the longer the analysis time, the more accurate the process of separating signal and noise can be.
Similarly, the faster the noise spectrum and noise level changes, the less well software will be able to track the noise. This is certainly true for many of the more affordable packages that offer an 'Auto' mode: if there's an abrupt change in noise character, the noise may become audible for a few seconds while the system responds to it, and changes its own noise‑profile settings. Most noise‑reduction software aimed at the home user tends to dull the wanted audio more in its automatic mode than if a fingerprint is taken, but further manual adjustments can often be made to find the best compromise settings. Popular software capable of this type of processing includes products from Izotope, TC Electronic, Waves and BIAS.
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