Untitled

[neet-ss-test-series]

Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae oncology Neet SS

A very special branch and nowadays much sought out branch. Many new Mch aspirants want to have super specialization in Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae oncology.

NEET SS test series is a super specialization exam. It is conducted as an online exam now.

The pattern of exams has also changed and Mch aspirants need to be specific as what to study.

Mch is related to surgical Specialities. Mch Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae oncology are new upcoming and very exciting branches and some Hospitals and Medical Colleges are coming up with Super specialization in these fields although the number of seats is not that big. These branches are gaining Scope.

NBE Changed the pattern to online exams as CBT exam. The Mch exams as a whole are now conducted as online MCQ Based exam.

Details of Mch Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae oncology

Examination

Exam: Neet ss Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae oncology.

§ Conducted by : NBE

§ Eligibility: MS Surgery

§ Level: Pg Superspeciality

§ Duration: 3 years

§ Probable Upcoming Dates: September/October or Beyond

§ Question Type : MCQs

§ Exam : Single Day Online Examination

Mch aspirants are always in search of what to study and what is asked in Mch exams. Our Experts found that a great depth of basic facts and profound knowledge of Anatomy, surgical anatomy, embryology is needed as students are tested on the basics as well.

So what to Study for Neet ss Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae oncology.

A Mch Aspirant should be well versed with Surgical Anatomy and especially embryology. Some topics asked in last few examinations are about :

§ Primordial Germ cell

§ Coelomic epithelium

§ Genital ridge mesenchyme

§ Mesonephric tubules

§ Mesonephric duct (wolfian duct)

§ Paramesonephric duct(Mullerian duct)

§ Genital tubercle

§ Urogenital folds

§ Labioscrotal swellings

§ Urogenital sinus

A Mch Aspirant should be well versed with Defects which are examiners favorite. Top on mind of examiners are:

· Bicornuate uterus

· Arcuate uterus

· Uterus didelphys

· Complete septum

· Unicornuate uterus

· Mullerian agenesis

For Mch Gynae Oncology it is important to know about topics especially listed below. These topics should be studied in full detail from all available standard text books.

§ Arrhenoblastoma

§ Call –Exner bodies

§ Endometrial stromal sarcoma

§ Carcinosarcoma

§ Leiomyosarcomas

§ Granulosa cell tumour

§ Sertoli-Leydig cell tumour

§ Hilar cell tumour

§ Renkies Crystals

§ Thecoma

§ Krukenbergs tumour

§ Lipoid cell tumour

§ Signet Ring cells

§ Endodermal Sinus tumour

§ Schiller Duval bodies

§ Psammoma Bodies

§ Serous tumours

§ Fibroma

§ Meigs Syndrome

§ Brenner tumour

§ Pseudomeigs Syndrome

§ Estrogen- producing

§ Granulosa cell tumour

§ Carcinoid(Seratonin- producing)

§ Thyroid tumour(Struma Ovarii)

§ Choriocarcinoma of the ovary

For Mch Neet ss Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae Oncology it is important to know about topics especially listed below. Our experts and NEET SS Students should be able to differentiate between different types of masses.

§ Follicle Cysts

§ Corpus luteum cysts

§ Theca lutein cysts

§ Inflammatory(T.O.abscess)

§ Endometritic Cysts

§ Benign teratoma(dermoid cysts)

§ Malignant teratoma

Use of Drugs is very important. Various questions in Reproductive medicine and Surgery on Drugs, their doses, use and side effects have been asked in recent Neet ss exams. Notably students should have knowledge about drugs like

§ Progestogens

§ Androgens

§ Danazol

§ GnRH analogues

§ Clomiphene

§ Metformin

§ OCPS

§ Barrier devices

§ Male contraceptives

Use of Drugs is very important. Various questions in Gynaeoncology on Drugs, their doses, use and side effects have been asked in recent Neet ss exams. Notably students should have knowledge about drugs like

§ Abagovomab

§ Aminoglutethirnide

§ Busurelin

§ Cetorelix

§ Cisplatin

§ Diethyistilbesterol

§ Ertumaxomab

§ Ethinyl estradiol

§ Flutamide

§ Formestane

§ Ganirelix

§ Goserelin

§ Letrozole

§ Leuprolide

§ Medroxyprogesterone acetate

§ Methotrexate

§ Nafarelin

§ Tamoxifen

§ Doloxifen

§ Trastuzumab

§ Vorozole

What is important and frequently asked in reproductive medicine is about topics below. They need to be studied in detail .

§ Adenoma(Prolactinoma)

§ Sheehans syndrome

§ Simmonds disease

§ Premature Thelarche

§ Premature Puberche

§ Premature Menarche

Important Surgeries which are frequently in examiners mind.

§ Boari Flap Technique

§ BSO

§ Chassar Moir Technique

§ Conisation

§ Cryotherapy

§ Hysterectomy

§ IVF Techniques

§ Laser Ablation or vaporization

§ LEEP

§ Mc Donald/Shirodkar Cerciage

§ Omentectomy

§ Straussman Unification Surgery

§ TAH

In Reproductive medicine Even Expect Questions on Basic Topics like

§ Barrier method

§ Natural contraception

§ Oral contraceptive pill

§ Injectables

§ Implants

§ Nova T/Multiload 375/Levonova

§ CuT 380 A

§ Progestasert

§ CuT 200B

§ Levonorgestrel containing IUCD

We would stress the need to focus on basics. It is important to know physiology and biochemistry about important hormones such as below. Lots of questions are asked on these topics.

§ Human chorionic Gonadotrophin(HCG)

§ Human Placental Lactogen(HPL)

§ Human Chorionic Thyrotrophin(HCT)

§ Human Chorionic Corticotrophin(HCC)

§ Pregnancy specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein

§ Estriol

§ Estradiol

§ Estrone

§ Progesterone

A detailed knowledge in Oncology is tested about cancers of genitalia especially.

This forms a large chunk of questions and no one can afford to miss them. Questions on subtypes are also asked minutely.

§ Cervix Cancer

§ Fallopian tubes Cancer

§ Breast Cancer

§ Ovarian Cancers

§ Endometrial Cancers

§ Premalignant Lesions

§ Carcinoma in Situ

§ HPV Strains

§ Lynch type II syndrome

§ Non polyposis coli

§ Familial inheritance of cancer ovary

§ Familial breast, ovarian cancer

§ Premalignant lesion of cancer cervix

§ Dysplasia

§ CIN I LSIL

§ CIN II HSIL

§ CIN III HSIL

§ Ca in situ HSIL

§ Invasive cancer

These Topics are asked in detail.

Mch Aspirants for Neet ss mock test Reproductive medicine and Surgery and Gynae oncology should start well in time and be regular in studies in addition to practicing as any Mcqs as possible. Online tests are of greatest value .Standard text books for all important topics are a must.

[neet-ss-test-series]

NEET SS Gynecological Oncology. Latest Tips for Preparation

NEET SS Gynecological Oncology has emerged as a branch which is demanding and the number of seats is now being increased in different institutions throughout the country.   With new policies and changes now the neet ss test series exams are conducted by NBE.

Gynecological Oncology is an upcoming branch and new centres and Medical Colleges in India are offering this branch now after clearance of Mch exams.

Most Mch Aspirants want to know what is asked in these Superspeciality examinations and how to study and what to study.

The approach to study for this branch needs to be standard, simple, time is friendly and most effective.

Details of Examination

§  Exam: NEET Mch

§  Conducted by : NBE

§  Level: Pg Superspeciality

§  Duration: 3 years

§  Probable Upcoming Dates: November

§  Question Type : MCQs

§  Exam : Single Day Online Examination  

Lots of Modifications done by NBE

What Concepts are checked in NEET Mch Gynecological Oncology?

Taking a case of a 35 year old housewife with vaginal bleeding

A 40 year-old housewife was worried because she started to have vaginal discharge and unscheduled vaginal bleeding. She sought medical advice and the doctor asked for Pap smear. The cytology report included mild dysplasia (CIN I), with HPV infection, and squamous metaplasia. The doctor recommended follow up of the patient. Two years later she started to complain of dyspareunia, and postcoital bleeding, and dysuria. She went to a gynecologist who did vaginal examination and saw a large fungating, partly ulcerated mass in the cervix. The base of the mass was indurated and attached to the surrounding structures. The doctor asked for immediate surgery to assess the grade and stage of the tumor.

The students should be able to:

·        Know pathologic terms as metaplasia, dysplasia, and neoplasia, Carcinoma-in-situ (CIN)

·        Know the pathogenesis of squamous dysplasia.

·        Know the sequence of events from progression of dysplasia caused by HPV to Carcinoma-in-Situ and Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the cervix.

·        Know viral oncogenesis and identify role of HPV in development             of Cancer cervix. (Asked in Neet Mch Gynecological Oncology)

·        Know different methods of lab diagnosis of cancer particularly those which are used for the early diagnosis of cancer of the cervix.

·        Know the gross and microscopic criteria of malignant neoplasm.

·        Know grading and staging of tumors. (Asked in Neet Mch Gynecological Oncology)

·        Know the importance of early diagnosis of cancer

·        Know the methods of spread of malignant tumors.

·        Know the investigations needed for proper assessment of this condition

·        Know the risk factors of cancer cervix as an example of malignant          tumors. (Asked in Neet Mch Gynecological Oncology)

·        Know  Role of heredity in development of cancer cervix

·        Know of community in prevention and early diagnosis of cancer; mention the methods of prevention of carcinoma of the cervix.

Management of Cancer Cervix: General Principles to be followed

§  All stages (I-IV) are radiosensitive.

§  Stages of cancer cervix that are operable (radical/Wertheim’s hysterectomy) are 1A1, 1A2, IB and IIA.

§  Stages IIB-IV are not operable and have to be treated with radiotherapy only.  (Asked in Neet Mch Gynecological Oncology)

·        In squamous cell cancers, before giving radiotherapy, a chemotherapeutic agent is given to increase the sensitivity of the cells to radiation called as radiosensitiser. In Cancer Cervix Cisplatin is used as a radiosensitiser. (Asked in Neet Mch Gynecological Oncology)

§  Use of Cisplatin has resulted in reduction in local recurrence and distant metastasis

Latest Questions asked on Oncological aspects of

§  Dermoid cyst

§  Liposarcoma

§  Krukenbergs tumor

§  Gynandroblastoma

§  Lichen planus

§  Lichen sclerosus

§  Vulval carcinoma

§  Leukoplakia

§  H. mole

Importance of Markers such as

§  Alpha fetoprotein

§  Lactate dehydrogenase

§  Human chorionic gonadotropin

§  Placental alkaline phosphatase

§  CEA Levels

§  CA 125

§  Alkaline phosphate

§  Lactate dehydrogenase

Intervention and use of Modalities in Gynecological Oncology like

§  Ultrasound

§  TVS

§  Urinalysis

§  Pap Smear

§  Bone Scans

§  PET Scan

§  Peritoneal biopsies

§  New Tumour Markers

§  MRI

§  Intravenous pyelogram(IVP)

§  Cystourethrogram

§  Urethrocystoscopy

§  Hysteriosalpingogram

A thorough knowledge of facts pertaining to Gynecological oncology as mentioned below should be known:

§  Presentations of tumours

§  Risk Factors

§  Management Plans

§  Cost effective managements

§  Drugs used and their doses and side effects

§  Follow up of Oncological cases

Students preparing for this branch cannot underestimate the number of Questions asked by Examiners about the commonly used drugs, latest investigations, treatment modalities, immune markers, tumour markers, genetics and syndromes in Gynecological Oncology.  

Our Gynecological Oncology Experts keep an eye on Developments around the NEET SS test series Examinations. Most students take our Gynecological Oncology Packages and are benefitted by our Gynecological Oncology online tests which provide them practice in real time, reassurance and confidence for actual exam scenarios.

[neet-ss-test-series]

NEET DM Gastroenterology Exams

Gastroenterology is considered as a favorite, delicate and functionally complex Superspeciality branch. With advances in the field of medicine, especially gastroenterology and with growing competition, during the past two decades, we have come to realize that it is a highly sought Superspeciality branch.

GIT disorders are acute as well as chronic conditions and cause considerable discomfort and much disability. The disability caused is physical, emotional and socioeconomic.

There is a lot of Demand for DM Gastroenterologists and many NEET DM Aspirants opt for it. This means greater competition and greater preparation.

What a DM Gastroenterologist should know to prepare for NEET DM Gastroenterology

ü Know the basics of the normal histology, physiology, and biochemistry of the GIT system. (Anatomy of GIT, Physiology of GIT Secretions, Biochemical components of different secretions)

ü Know the process and alterations leading to pathological conditions producing a set of clinical lesions and signs and symptoms of some of the GIT Diseases. (Example of Barretts Esophagus )

ü Have a sound knowledge and clear concept of common terminology related to GIT Lesions like GAVE, GIST Tumours, ZES, Schatzkis ring, Esophageal Webs,

ü Able to arrive at diagnosis from history of a clinical Scenario given. These types of questions are frequently asked.

ü Able to Diagnose a clinical scenario , and treatment options of such

ü Have sufficient understanding of the common benign and malignant tumors of the GIT. Molecular mechanisms, genetic mutations, pathological subtypes, treatment modalities.

ü Have sufficient cognizable knowledge of the pharmacology of drugs used as well as their doses and side effects of these drugs.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the Preparation for NEET DM student should be able to know about

· Anatomy of GIT

· Physiology of GIT

· Explain the mechanism of the PATHOGENESIS of both common and rare disorders like Gastric ulcer, FAP, HNPCC, VIPomas, Phaeochromocytoma, ZES, and Carcinoids.

· Explain the synthesis, secretion of GIT Secretions

· Latest concept of GUT -associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) , apud System , GIST Tumours

· Mechanism of immune-mediated Gut Damage and its consequences.

· Know the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of some common inflammatory, infectious, preneoplastic and neoplastic skin diseases with emphasis on the correlation between histopathologic changes and the clinical manifestations.

· Identify, on visual aid material, by image based questions the clinical and microscopic features of such skin diseases.

· Know the rationale of treatment based on these histopathologist and corresponding clinical conditions.

· Know about the normal gut flora as well as diseases likely to be produced by these in immune deficiency.

· Know the common microbiologic agents causing GIT infections and explain the pathogenesis of commonly involved microbes and viruses affecting the GUT.

· Know the various types of systemic and topical pharmacologic agents used in treating skin disorders.

· Know about the various types of drugs used for GIT conditions and explain the effects and side effects of these agents.

· Use of different Investigations and tools for examination of GIT lesions.

Example of What a NEET DM Aspirant should at least know about Oncogenesis pertaining to GIT

· Know mechanism of dysplasia and conversion to carcinoma-in-situ.

· Know differences in carcinoma-in-situ and invasive carcinoma.

· Know the importance of techniques used for the early detection of carcinoma of the different parts of GIT by screening methods.

· Know about the clinical features as well as the gross and histological differentiating features of benign and malignant tumors.

· Know about the nomenclature used in neoplasia, and give the classification according to histogenesis and behavior.

· Know about the exact mechanisms by which malignant tumors spread through the body.

· Know about the role of oncogenes as well as cancer-suppressor genes.

· Know about the the hereditary and childhood cancers as well as acquired and hereditary preneoplastic conditions.

· Know about the different types of laboratory diagnosis of tumors with emphasis on early diagnosis of cancers with techniques like exfoliative cytology, Tumour Markers, use of investigative techniques.

· Know about the grading and staging of cancers.

· Know about warning signs of cancer in each organ system, like dysphagia and weight loss in cancer of the esophagus, hoarseness of voice in laryngeal carcinoma, jaundice, and ascites in stomach cancer.

· Know about the mode of inheritance of genetic disorders (autosomal dominant & recessive disorders and sex-linked disorders) related to GIT.

Hot Topics for 2021 2022 for DM Gastroenterology

· Achalasia

· Acute gastritis

· Alcoholic cirrhosis

· Alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic hepatitis

· Alcoholic liver disease

· Antacids, sucralfate (a surface-acting agent), H2-receptor blockers

· Antireflux surgery (Nissen fundoplication)

· Azotemia and electrolyte disturbances

· Barium swallow and upper gastrointestinal (GI) series test

· Barrett’s esophagus.

· Barrett’s esophagus (premalignant epithelial changes associated with chronic reflux).

· Blood in the stool

· Chemotherapy

· Choledocholithiasis

· Chronic gastritis

· Cimetidine, ranitidine

· Dyspepsia

· Elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level

· Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

· Endoscopy with biopsy

· Esophageal dysmotility and gastric emptying disorders

· Esophageal neoplasms

· Gastric lymphoma

· Gastritis

· Heartburn

· hematemesis

· Hematemesis, melena, and abdominal pain.

· Hepatotenal syndrome

· Lye ingestion

· Myotomy

· Neoplasms of the esophagus and stomach

· Odynophagia

· Pancreatic carcinoma

· Pancreatic digestive enzymes

· Pancreatic stimulation tests

· Peptic ulcers in the stomach or proximal duodenum.

· Reflux esophagitis

· Serum gastrin measurements a

· Serum ƴ-glutamyltransferase, AST, ALT, and AP levels are elevated in fatty liver disease.

· Signs and symptoms include weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, epigastric pain, early satiety, and vomiting.

· Small bowel obstruction

· Surgery and radiotherapy

· Wright’s or methylene blue staining of stool

Practice makes you perfect. Practice online Tests. Be wary of latest updates and keep yourself well informed. Online NEET DM Exams give a boost to students. Most students should take online Tests.

[neet-ss-test-series]

neet dm test series exams are preliminary examinations after MBBS. They allow students to enter for post-graduation in field of their choice based on merit. There are lakhs of students who appear in the examinations. Competition is great and now it is a standard online examination.

Centres for neet dm are in all major cities like Delhi, Chennai, Mumbai, Kolkata, Jaipur, Ahmedabad and other major cities. Competition for leading institutions is great and getting a good score is important for getting branch of choice and college of choice.

Good students ensure that they take all subjects seriously.

It is purely a Standard MCQ Based examination in which students are tested on their ability to answer MCQS. It is getting tougher every year with standard increasing.

The Basic Tips are:

§ To be regular in studies

§ Not to start preparation late

§ Consult standard Text books

§ Make Use of ward rounds

§ Do not Take Social media seriously

§ Make use of your Notes.

Our Experts have a close look on subjects all along. We focus on High Yield Topics for Neet along with most frequently asked topics. These Topics are just to give you an idea.

All Subjects are important. Main subjects need to be given bit more time but minor subjects also need due attention.

Toppers from AIIMS, PGI, and neet dm test series usually read standard text, practice a lot of Mcq and make full use of online courses. This is very important for preparing for Real examinations.

[neet-ss-test-series]

Strategic Plan and Tips for NEET SS

NEET SS Exams are now different from previous exams. Much modification has been made by NBE which governs the setting of papers and all other modalities of exam preparation.

In sharp contrast to pencil and paper based exams now The NEET SS exams comprising of both Dm and Mch Exams are conducted via CBT (Computer Based Tests) conducted online.

The neet ss test series Aspirants need to be aware of the fact that they should be updated with all latest information about the exams.

By the end of the preparation in general the NEET SS students should be able to

Understand and explain the basic concepts of general anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, general pharmacology and all subjects which are basic. Most students get questions on basics wrong and they concentrate mostly on clinical aspects.

Emphasis on signs and symptoms of disease, genetic aspects, molecular mechanisms, causative factors, methods of prevention of disease, treatment of disease via different modalities is also of immense significance.

NBE has improved the level of exams by getting amore standard Question bank. The level of questions is improving every year for all Dm and Mch Specialities.

What our Experts Suggest is mentioned below in the form of examples

Latest Pattern of Questions Tested

Taking Example of Downs Syndrome in Dm Pediatrics, A Dm Aspirant should have clear knowledge of:

· Explain the meaning of terms like congenital malformation, genetic disease and related terms like hereditary, familial etc.

· Explain the structure, types and functions of chromosomes.

· List the numerical and structural abnormalities of chromosomes.

· List the risk factors for Down’s syndrome.

· Enumerate signs and symptoms of Down’s syndrome.

· Identify in clinical photographs/slides etc. the features of Down’s syndrome.

· List the conditions associated with Down’s syndrome.

· Explain the special needs for children with the syndrome.

· List the investigative procedures available for antenatal and perinatal diagnosis of the syndrome.

For a Mch Aspirant about Fibro adenoma of Breast He should have Basic Understanding of

· Differences between neoplastic and non-neoplastic growths

· List the differences in particular between inflammatory and non-inflammatory swellings.

· Mention the characteristics of benign tumors.

· List the features that would make them suspect that a particular lump is malignant.

· Know about the gross and microscopic features of fibroadenoma of the breast.

· Identify the gross and microscopic features of a fibroadenoma when shown slides, specimens of such lesions.

· Describe the behavior of fibroadenoma of the breast.

Topic of General interest for both Dm and Mch

Example : Neurofibromatosis

§ List the different modes of inheritance

§ Know about terms like complete penetrance, variable expressivity, mutation, allele.

§ Know about the pathology of neurofibromatosis type I; pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, morphology of the neurofibromas, and complications of these lesions.

§ Mention the difference between NF1 and NF2

§ Know about the NF1 gene, and explain its role in NF1.

§ Know about oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

§ Know about other benign and malignant tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type I

Examples of Some Basic Topics Highly asked which students don’t concentrate on much

· Apoptosis

· Physiology of Hormone Secretion For Dm Students

· Electrolyte imbalances

· Homeostasis

· Medical Emergencies

· Doses of Drugs

· New Treatment Modalities

· Eponym Names

· Interpretation of Lab Values

· Basic Surgical Anatomy for Mch Students

· Carcinogenesis

· Cell cycle

· Chemical mediators of inflammation

· Chromosomal Abnormalities

· Epidemiology of infectious diseases

· Modes of Inheritance

· Necrosis & gangrene Pathophysiology

· Non-neoplastic growth disorders like hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, hamartoma etc.

· The Inflammatory response

· Wound healing

This conveys the fact that a proper concept of specialty a student is appearing for should be there as every mark matters. Student should start preparation in time and not be late.

Competition in every NEET SS Branch is getting tougher day by day and especially to get a seat in good hospitals, good ran and merit is essential.

Online Programmes are very helpful and make students more confident.

Students should practice as much as possible to get higher ranks.

Check question papers for — neet dm test series, neet ss test series, neet mch test series

Our Team Comprises of Doctors, Academicians, Medical Students, Toppers from different Examinations who give us uptodate information about the Types of Questions asked in Different Examinations. Based upon the Specific Examination Pattern of NEET SS, neet dm test series and NEET MCh as per Latest pattern adaopted by the Regulating Authorties. for 2020- 2021.

Learn More - https://www.medexamsprep.com/