Introduction Over the years, the approach used to identify suspects and bring to justice the criminals has evolved and become more sophisticated, as have crime and criminals. With the invention of television, as well as the development of Internet information is easily accessible, inaccurate information is in abundance and the separation of fact and fiction and more demanding. In this climate of information overload, both factual and fictional, law enforcement is much more effort in the search for suspects and prove their case face. Our criminal justice system wants to convict the guilty, while protecting the innocent. As with any element of our society, it is essential that we have in place some system to validate the conclusions and assumptions of fairness and justice to ensure are preserved. Even our system of government has seen the wisdom in a system of checks and balances to ensure no single force can not dominate a consensus. Our law enforcement should do investigative process, not less. By all the elements of an investigation are to be fully investigated and considered, this can be achieved. With all the hype surrounding the new forensics capabilities, it would be easy collection is now the most reliable means to take over investigation of suspects. This would be a bad assumption. While forensics plays a role in the investigation, interviewing witnesses play and interrogation of suspects is still a significant role. People are involved in the process of crime, and there are people who are not accounted for the items by forensics alone can be. This paper is it about the three main components of the study: physical evidence, interviewing and interrogation. Within each of these components, best practices, the possible risks associated with potential case best practices are not followed and what each component contributes to the overall investigation will be discussed. Scene Of The CrimeThe scene of the crime, is where to start, most studies. It is imperative that the first officer immediately on the scene to protect in place to process and will ensure the victim, the accused, the public, law enforcement and / or rescue personnel, while preserving and protecting the evidence (Byrd, 2004) made. The first officer on the scene must be clear and concise, documented information about his observations and actions at the scene, producing the result as a starting point for the investigation, the crime base. There are three basic steps in the right processing of a crime scene. They consist of image recognition, which is normally carried out by the first officer on the scene. have been the scene recognition include such things as the compliance of individuals and / or vehicles, the party or witness to the crime, identification of potential dangerous situations in life, the identification of primary and secondary potential crime scene and secure the same, to call for medical personnel If necessary, the reference to possible physical evidence to medical personnel and instruct them to minimize the contact that will receive statements from victims die, the die may be made and documentation of statements or comments from victims, suspects or witnesses at the scene. You must keep vigil at the scene until the investigator (s reach). First scene, evaluation and documentation is the second stage of Crime Scene Investigation, "which is usually carried out by the investigators. This phase consists of activities such as scene and activity control and direction, a way for the establishment of entry and exit to and used by authorized personnel to the scene with an eye towards the protection of evidence, establishing lines of communication, directing a acquisition of the area, recording of statements, the implementation of a crime scene walk through and document the scene and possible evidence. All activities at the crime scene is under the direction and coordination of investigator (s) responsible. The third stage of Crime Scene Investigation is the collection of evidence that should be implemented properly trained in the accepted procedures and protocols for the role of individuals. This phase includes the identification, documentation, handling, packaging and collection of evidence. These three stages of Crime Scene Investigation lead us to the three basic components of the investigation. The scene recognition is a basic point of physical evidence collection. The first scene of the assessment and documentation specifies the identification of victims, witnesses and potential suspects who are investigating his starting point for questioning and interrogation. Physical EvidencePhysical evidence collection, the collection of different types of materials and samples from the crime scene that includes such things as blood, body fluids, other biologicals, fingerprints, fibers, weapons, clothing, written material or other objects to be potentially could information relating to the crime, the victim or the suspect. Because there are so many tests are available for the analysis of physical evidence to their collection, treatment, storage and processing in accordance with the Protocol and in sufficient amounts to the potential for successful tests are performed to maximize. to protect persons, the tasks of collecting evidence should wear protective gear, both the evidence and the staff. Evidence collection should include an evaluation of the evidence that the risk, ie, proof that affected by the weather, crowds or hostile environment could be could start. Any risk evidence should be immediately documented, photographed and collected. A systematic search pattern for the collection of evidence shall be determined on the basis of the size and location of the scene. A plan for the gradual processing and evidence collection are essential to initial processing and collection not sure affected subsequent processing and collection. Such containers must be collected for the different evidence and use proper storage at the scene must be identified and applied to prevent or reduce degradation or loss. Evidence collected, and standard or reference samples from the scene must be dated and their collection sites identified. The individual record of supporting documents must also be noted. A chain of custody for all evidence must be established. The above were highlights of the collection of evidence of best practices. The actual protocols for evidence collection are extremely detailed. The individual must understand that the various tests are conducted and how evidence is mishandled can affect these tests. (Department of Justice, 2004). Physical evidence is empirical and is not subject to failure the way witnesses and victims of the accounts can sometimes. Physical evidence does not lie, not to forget memory gaps. If proper procedures are followed, physical evidence can be used to support evidence to convict offenders or provide identification, where no witnesses are present. If incorrect procedures are used, something as simple as evidence chain of custody errors to obscure the value of the evidence, and if the only evidence of the perpetrator of the crime is, can the guilty are free. Where science, new methods for identifying suspects through physical evidence for his statement, it has also created another potential loophole for criminals to slip through. As already mentioned, requires accurate physical evidence collection, processing, storage, transport and processing. The proof can easily be called into question if even the slightest hint of irregularity at each stage of the process. In addition, the popularity of crime-based dramas with forensic science in the public is aware of the kinds of things are for at crime scenes, and saw how these things can be made to identify suspects. Since this is the case, it is relatively easy for a criminal offense or any other party to contaminate or plant evidence that an investigation could lead astray, to destroy or all together. Interviewing Inter viewing the investigator is the possibility of evidence and testimony that acquire support in establishing the facts is to identify potential suspects and potentially offer parole. Interviewing is divided into two aspects, witnesses and victims. During both interviews, some common elements, there are some differences based on individual circumstances. This section first will address the common best practice elements for both, then to specific differences for the victim interview. The witness or victim interview should be conducted as close to the time of the event as possible. The more time between the event and the interview, the more information is lost. Individual memory and retention varies with time. Positioning can be important as an element of the conversation and as a maximum in the promotion to support again. Since this is the case, the witness, if at all possible, in the same physical position as if they witnessed the crime. This positioning also allows the investigators to witnesses who can win in perspective, they determine what was and what will not be seen from this position. The witness should be allowed to give their account without interruption and the account should be taped for future reference. Notes should be taken, and asked questions of the witness recount is completed. Open questions to be used and care should be offered no guarantee against the investigator or skew stain of information during the interview provided by inadvertently providing details of known or suspected to witnesses or victims, or by leading questions to ask. Victim interviews must be conducted with sensitivity and professionalism. The investigator must create an environment in which the victim evidence and testimony in a manner that the trauma that can occur from the process set up, can make available. Many times the victim interview will be conducted in a hospital because the victim is injured needs. This adds additional burden on respondents. The victims are asked to details of the event, which can be painful and may recall or very personal, so patience and empathy are important features present, the investigator must. The investigator must take into account that the possibility can post traumatic stress disorder a part to play in the reactions of the victims. The victim may seem apathetic or inconsistent. The victim may medicines also impact the information they provide. All existing conditions could have an impact on the victim's statement or testimony should be noted in the interview report. There is also the possibility that the victim may be in the gaps in their memory what they think should not be forgotten, rather than to fill specific data (Holmes, 2003). While this is consistent filling in the blanks with a witness interview as well, the victim can more spaces as a result of the trauma or the psychological effects of trauma have to fill. If the victim has died, the victim's statement and testimony are created indirectly by a victimology from the examination of the victim's lifestyle, including the recent events, habits, work, travel, friends and enemies. This information from interviews with family, friends and colleagues and from the examination of the victim's home, car and be discharged or in the office. Interviews with persons related to or in connection with the victim should be conducted with respect and consideration for their loss. Well thought out and planned interviews can see details that might provide access from other sources. Descriptions of suspects smells, vehicles, noise and movement all the elements that create a focus for the investigation and may result in the apprehension and conviction of a suspect to add. In the case of a serial killer, allowing a detailed victimology investigators, the crime with other crimes and gain perspective on the killer, linked to further improve its profile. Conversely, poorly designed, sloppily conducted interviews have the potential to make a case could be damaged. Where the investigators charged the statements of leading conclusions of the witness, the evidence only serves to support the researchers with the preconceived opinion of the crime and the investigation may lead away from the perpetrators. Where the investigator has interrupted the witness during the recount or cut off an interview to save time, a dead-end investigation, because important information was overlooked or omitted. InterrogationInterrogation of the suspects is the third component of the investigation. Where is the most accepted definition of interrogation come to mean the actual formal questioning of a suspect under arrest or detained again elsewhere, this paper defined as an exchange between investigators and suspects. Interrogation is almost undisputed, the police community, as a necessary component of any effective investigation and has around about as long as a witness and questioned many years more than the collection of physical evidence, as we know it today (Williams, 2000). The ultimate goal of the classic survey to elicit a confession of the accused to provide incriminating evidence or produce information relating to other crimes (Leo, 1994). In the expanded view of the interrogation informal interviews (interrogations) with the suspects before arrest usually what triggers suspicion and focus in the investigation of the suspect direction (Williams, 2000). A survey will evoke certain devices allegedly designed containing truth. In fact, the trial is more accurately defined as an attempt to get to charge the suspected self-determination. The hearing officer based her testimony on the account of the crime, they have constructed, and will try to give confirmation and support from their account to the suspicion. There are established parameters for what an appropriate interview, with a simple "dos and don'ts" list. Based on the technique of Reid, dos include: respect for Miranda, a direct positive confrontation (show clearly that the suspect is responsible), offers moral or psychological excuses for the suspect criminal behavior with soft language (money to take, instead of stealing money ), downplaying the seriousness of the crime to stimulate with hypothetical questions about the inner thoughts of the suspicion, and offers alternative questions with the crime (Jayne, 2004) combined. Don'ts would include such things as promises of a lighter sentence or a lesser charge, physical or emotional abuse or torture, sleep deprivation, food or water for some time, failure to allow suspects of their right to legal counsel and insightful detail is the case. A properly conducted survey has the potential to elicit a confession or uncover incriminating evidence. It has the potential to eliminate people as suspects or a realignment of an investigation. If the query does not result in a confession, and it was implemented properly, the confession to be used in court to convict the offender. If an incorrect survey results carried out a confession, it is first the potential for the case to be jeopardized by the confession suppressed. The second possible problem arises when someone who is innocent simply confesses to relieve the stress of interrogation. In the case of a confession, the two other components to support the further investigation or to refute the confession and the constructed situation. ConclusionEarlier in this paper it was mentioned that there is a human element involved in the crime. There is also a human element involved in the investigation. The investigations are carried out by real people, living real lives, with good days, bad days, days when they are tired, days when they are by others, and days when you wonder why they get up every morning influenced the work they do. Since this is the case, there is always the potential for errors, intentions or accidental. Because of this potential for error exists, the idea of the three components of the investigation, together reconstruct the crime has taken even more important. If a component fails the examination, there are two other uses to make the case. Crime investigations are rarely carried out by a single person, team work is an essential part of the process. The lead investigator must individuals to communicate in an investigation and his or her first opportunity comes at the crime scene debriefing guaranteed. It is important that stove piping and isolation are removed by the investigating body, the treatment is to allow the three components of a teamed together to create the whole, to verify. In the event there are discrepancies between the components, further investigation is needed to determine why a discrepancy exists, whether the discrepancy can be corrected, or when the change should trigger a different possible scenario to be investigated. Where the three components agree together, there is a solid case and a conviction likely if best practices were applied. No one can hope part of the investigation, completely uncovering the details of the crime, even a confession has the potential to be missing, details. Components should not be used or studied in isolation from each other that it is better to be used to complement and promote each other in the direction of the discovery of truth. Each component of the study has a purpose and helps to solve the crime by providing an opposing or supporting the view that crimes such as built by the investigators. The three components work as a system of checks and balances to help "and to ensure the right conclusions are reached. ReferencesByrd, M. (2000). Crime Scene Investigations, Duty Description for the Crime Scene Investigator. From 13 December 2004 http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/dutydescription.htmlHolmes, P., Radulescu, M., & Velikonja, M. (2003). Best Practice Law Enforcement Manual for the fight against human trafficking. From 14 December 2004 http://www.undp.ro/governance/Best Practice Manuals user_manual / manual Jayne, BC (2000). The Reid technique of interrogation. From 16 November 2004 by http://www.reid.com/canada.htmlTechnical Working Crime Scene Investigation, The. (2000). Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement. From 13 December 2004 http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nijWilliams, JW (2000). "Interrogating justice: A critical analysis of the police interrogation and its role in the criminal justice process." From 13 December 2004 = 309 = & http://libsys.uah.edu:3077/pqdweb?index=0&did=000000052706634&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT ; VNAME Quality Team & TS = 1103080395 & clientid = 59 796
