❣ Chile in a Photography ❣
★
sheepfilms
#extradirty
dirt enthusiast
cherry valley forever
Sweet Seals For You, Always
trying on a metaphor
i don't do bad sauce passes
roma★
No title available
KIROKAZE
occasionally subtle
Show & Tell
we're not kids anymore.
YOU ARE THE REASON
$LAYYYTER
Game of Thrones Daily
Mike Driver
Not today Justin
seen from United States
seen from Singapore
seen from Mexico
seen from Türkiye
seen from Singapore
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from Netherlands
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seen from Malaysia
seen from United States
seen from Iraq
seen from Australia
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seen from Australia
seen from United States
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@parma-formenorion
okay what did i miss
(yes some of these overlap and some are suppositions. for example if parchment is always used for ephemera, rough drafts, notes, and never re-used or re-purposed, we can also assume that the author is unaware of wax tablets as a concept)
Who’s your “love them despite the flack they get” controversial/unpopular fave?
Thingol
Elwing
Finarfin
Indis
Finwë
Eöl
Turgon
Someone else
Wait how is Elwing controversial?
NO ONE knows how to use thou/thee/thy/thine and i need to see that change if ur going to keep making “talking like a medieval peasant” jokes. /lh
They play the same roles as I/me/my/mine. In modern english, we use “you” for both the subject and the direct object/object of preposition/etc, so it’s difficult to compare “thou” to “you”.
So the trick is this: if you are trying to turn something Olde, first turn every “you” into first-person and then replace it like so:
“I” → “thou”
“Me” → “thee”
“My” → “thy”
“Mine” → “thine”
Let’s suppose we had the sentences “You have a cow. He gave it to you. It is your cow. The cow is yours”.
We could first imagine it in the first person-
“I have a cow. He gave it to me. It is my cow. The cow is mine”.
And then replace it-
“Thou hast a cow. He gave it to thee. It is thy cow. The cow is thine.”
This is perfect and the only thing missing is that when “thy” comes before a vowel it’s replaced by “thine”, i.e. “thy nose” but “thine eyes.” English used to do this with my and mine too (and still does with a and an).
The second person singular verb ending is -(e)st. In the present tense, it works more or less like the third person singular ending, -s:
I sleep in the attic. Thou sleepest in the attic. He sleeps in the attic.
I love pickles. Thou lovest pickles. He loves pickles.
I go to school. Thou goest to school. He goes to school.
The -(e)st ending is only added to one word in a compound verb. This is where a lot of people make mistakes:
I will believe it when I see it. Thou wilt believe it when thou seest it. He will believe it when he sees it.
NOT
*thou willst believest it! NOPE! This is wrong
If you’re not sure, try saying it in the third person and replacing the -(e)st with -s:
*He will believes it when he sees it. ALSO NOPE!
In general, if there’s one auxiliary, it takes the -(e)st ending) and the main verb does not. If there are multiple auxiliaries, only one of them takes -(e)st:
I could eat a horse. Thou couldst eat a horse. He could eat a horse.
I should go. Thou shouldst go. He should go.
I would have gone. Thou wouldst have gone. He wouldst have gone.
You can reduce the full -est ending to -st in poetry, if you need to drop a syllable:
thou sleepst, thou lov'st.
In some common words–mostly auxiliary verbs, or what you might have learned as “helping verbs”–the ending is always reduced:
I can swim. Thou canst swim. He can swim.
Sometimes this reduction takes the last consonant of the stem with it:
I have a cow. Thou hast a cow. He has a cow.
Or reduces the -st down to -t:
I must believe her. Thou must believe her. He must believe her.
I shall not kill. Thou shalt not kill. He shall not kill.
However! UNLIKE the third-person singular -s, the second person -(e)st is ALSO added to PAST TENSE words, either to the past stem in strong (irregular) verbs or AFTER THE -ed in weak (regular) verbs:
I gave her the horse. Thou gavest her the horse. He gave her the horse.
I made a pie. Thou mad’st a pie. He made a pie.
I wanted to go. Thou wantedst to go. He wanted to go.
This is different from the third person!
*He gaves her the horse. He mades a pie. He wanteds to go. SO MUCH NOPE!
It’s not wrong to add -(e)st to a long Latinate verb in the past tense, but it’s unusual; it’s much more common to use a helping verb instead:
I delivered the letter. (Great!)
Thou deliveredst the letter. (Not wrong, but weird)
He delivered the letter. (Great!)
I did deliver the letter. (Normal if emphatic, or an answer to a question; otherwise, a little weird.)
Thou didst deliver the letter. (Great!)
And a couple last things:
1.) Third-person -(e)th is mostly equivalent to and interchangeable with third-person -s:
I have a cow. Thou hast a cow. He hath a cow.
I love her. Thou lovest her. He loveth her.
I do not understand. Thou dost not understand. He doth not understand.
HOWEVER! Third-person -(e)th, unlike -s but like -(e)st, can, sometimes, go on STRONG past-tense verbs:
I gave her the cow. Thou gavest her the cow. He gaveth her the cow.
This never happens with weak verbs:
*He lovedeth her. NOPE NOPE NOPE!
And even with strong verbs, from Early Modern (e.g., Shakespearean) English onward, it’s quite rare. But you will see it from time to time.
2.) In contemporary Modern English, we invert the order of subjects and auxiliary verbs in questions:
Will I die? I will die.
Has she eaten? She has eaten.
If there’s no auxiliary, we add one–do–and invert that:
Do you hear the people sing? You (do) hear the people sing.
In Early Modern English, this process was optional, and mostly used for emphasis; all verbs could be and were moved to the front of the sentence in questions:
Hear ye the people sing? (Or singen, if we’re early enough to still be inflecting infinitives.)
Do-support was also optional for negatives:
I don’t like him. I like him not.
Thou dost not care. Thou carest not.
She does not love thee. She loves thee not.
3.) Imperative verbs never take endings:
Hear ye, hear ye!
Go thou and do likewise!
Give me thy hand. Take thou this sword.
4.) Singular ‘you’–that is, calling a singular person by a plural pronoun–arose as a politeness marker; and ‘thou’ fell out of use because it eventually came to be seen as impolite in almost all contexts. In general, once singular ‘you’ comes into use, it is used for addressing
people of higher social status than the speaker
or of equivalent status, if both speakers are high-status
strangers
anyone the speaker wants to flatter
‘Thou’ is used for
people of lower social status than the speaker
family and intimate friends
children
anyone the speaker wants to insult
It is safer to ‘you’ someone who doesn’t necessarily warrant ‘you’ than to ‘thou’ someone who does.
5.) And finally, that ‘ye’? That’s the nominative form of you–the one that’s equivalent to ‘I’ or ‘we.’
I → thou → he/she/it → we → ye → they
Me → thee → him/her/it → us → you → them
My → thy → his/her/its → our → your → their
Mine → thine → his/hers/its → ours → yours → theirs
Any time you’re using ‘thou’ for the singular, the second person plural– ‘y’all’– declines like this:
ye: Ye are all a bunch of weirdos.
you: And I love you very much.
your: This has been your grammar lesson.
yours: This grammar lesson is yours.
Ways to poetically say "forever" if you're an elf
"Until the stars go out": classic from Cuiviénen, never lost its charm.
"When Laurelin frosts": rapid decrease in popularity for obvious reasons.
"While Telperion has leaves": rapid decrease in popularity for obvious reasons.
"Unto world's end": used once and very rarely thereafter.
"When the sun freezes": nothing quite like a reprise. Rapid decrease in popularity for obvious reasons.
"Until day comes again": popular in Angband, with varying sincerity.
"While Gil-Estel shines": If a fuckhuge winged dragon couldn't stop it from shining, what could?
"Until the last ship sets sail into the West": 95%+ of uses were by the guy building the dang ship.
"When Fëanor apologizes": What exactly he is apologizing for is sometimes included, but largely deemed unnecessary.
"When the world is mended": steadily increasing in popularity and decreasing in sincerity.
Of the Creation of the Ents
It seems that Tolkien himself is speaking through Yavanna, trying to remind us about the importance of trees. At the turn of the century, admirers of the English countryside were shocked and stressed by the scope of forests being cut. The sound of the axes’ blows constantly accompanied every working day. So, it must have been truly distressing to observe the diminishing number of trees. However, unlike Yavanna, these people could not count on the help of the Shepherds of the Trees.
Be the Shepherd of the Trees you want to see in the world.
wardrobe: How big is your character's wardrobe? Do they wear things threadbare, or can they afford new clothes often? Are they any good at mending and repairing their own clothing?
Uaildir Faelherion, a man of the Tundra Dúnedain, is not well off by any means but that does not mean he wears threadbare clothing. He's been taken care of by his father's family in the old Emyn Uail district, following the death of his mother and the disablement of his father. Since his mother's death, his aunt has been typically the one to make and mend his clothing. As she has 3 older boys, Uaildir has often gotten his cousin's hand-me-downs - generally well-made clothing and carefully mended and tailored before being given to him, but not particularly flashy. He does have some stray items of clothing from his mother's people, the Northern Losshoth, including a shirt made of spider silk - an item showing the ancient friendship between the Tundra Avari and the Losshoth.
Clothing is generally gifted to people in Forodwaith, not purchased, and making clothing is women’s business, not men’s, and Uaildir minds his own business. Typically, men get their clothing from their wives - or their mothers, if they are yet unwed. (Uaildir’s aunt can’t wait for him to get married.) Repairing clothing, particularly in the wilderness, is however both men and women’s responsibility, and Uaildir is not unskilled in this regard.
roots: Is your OC's look inspired by any specific style of clothing or fashion trend? What are the roots and/or inspiration for their look?
The Lady Rivorneth Rosdiriel was originally inspired by those breathless fashion influencers of mid-2010's YouTube, though more so in vibe than anything else. I often imagine her as a living pre-Raphaelite painting, particularly in her younger, greener days.
Thought I’d put down my current thoughts about the language of the Penni.
Fauskanger analyses the word Penni (coming ultimately from Proto-Quendarin *kwendī) as having that same kw > p shift as Sindarin and Telerin, along with a medial nd>nn assimilation. Tolkien further seems to be toying with the idea that the kw > p shift happened before the Sundering.
I’m trying a thing with consonant gradation/alteration. I think it’s only really reasonable to have weak and strong grades, with the strong grade being the original consonant (so like Finnish). This Finnish-ish system might look like:
Nominative singular (basic form): strong form (in this case, nominative singular might be “penda”)
Other cases (after phonological considerations are taken): weak form (ex: penn-)
I don’t think all cases would trigger consonant gradation - it doesn’t in my model languages, so.
⟨nn⟩ could also represent an overlong grade, like North Sámi n’n /nː.n/ so perhaps we could yeet this back into familiar territory for me. This North Sámi-adjacent system would look more like this:
Nominative singular: pen’na /penː.na/(or something)
Strong grade stem: pen’n-
Weak grade stem: penn- (ex: /pen.ni/)
Still would need to reconcile the form “Pendarin” with all of this 🙃
Some assorted other thoughts:
Pendarin is a case language. 7 or 8 feels like a good number. Accusative I think would survive in spoken Pendarin, because of the consonant gradation.
By the late third age, Pendarin has become more of a language family than anything else, because of the long separation between the North and South River Penni - very closely related, with a high degree of mutual intelligibility. In the beginning of the third age, they are dialects.
North River Pendarin has two main dialectal groups, Lórien and Mirkwood. Mirkwood had further divisions, but probably by the 4th age, the only viable one is the Raft Elf/Forest River dialect.
North River Pendarin is heavy with borrowings from Nandorin and Sindarin.
South River Pendarin has a number of dialects, with at least one dialect group situated west of Lefnui, one in Langstrand, and at least one in *waves at Hargondor* somewhere here
North River Pendarin is very seldom used by the 4th age, while South River Pendarin has remained the dominant language in the community.
I had some thoughts on the specific histories of the Pendarin dialects. It’ll come back to me. I hope.
hc + 🌍 for a travel-themed headcanon | for the Tundra Folk
The Tundra Folk are seasonally nomadic; reindeer herding groups north of the treeline follow long, complex migration routes that shift from year to year, in order to give the fragile lands of ice-bound inner Forodwaith time to recover. Folk south of the treeline, in the pine forests at the feet of the Ered Mithrin, have shorter, simpler migration routes, between a number of seasonal village sites. Communities along the northern coast follow the ebb and flow of the Helcaraxë. Beyond that, the Tundra Folk, in keeping with old Avarin tradition, practice "relative-visiting" - often this is simply taking time out of the year to go and see distant kinsmen, in order to reaffirm those ties and also to build new ones, but many Tundra Elves, particularly the elders, will visit kin far beyond the borders of Forodwaith, sometimes even as far as Harad or Wildwood.
hc + ✂️ for a hair-themed headcanon | Gondorians
Gondorian women wear their hair long. Hair extensions aren't particularly widespread, and are in some periods, looked down on. Hair care products and services is a large cottage industry for women, particularly in the cities. Veiling is common after puberty, however not particularly expected outside of formal settings. Most women veil regularly after marriage, or failing that, around the age of 35 or so, depending on class. Veils are some what different for younger, unmarried or recently married women - simpler and often more sheer. A married woman's veil, particularly that of one who has been married for a while, tends to be more complex, sometimes including stiff hats or bands underneath to give the veil more shape. A variety of hats, caps and bonnets are also used, depending on geography, season, age and rank.
Short hair in men is seen as youthful, and particularly short hair is a usually sign of active military service. Men, particularly men of rank, will often grow out their hair as they get older, as longer hair on men, particularly as it goes grey, is seen as a sign of maturity and authority. A range of caps and hats are also used by men and head coverings of some kind are generally expected.
Most Men of Gondor have dark hair - blond hair occurs in small numbers in some places bordering Rohan, and a range of light brown to dark blond occurs in some mountain communities, particularly those to the West, also in small numbers. Black hair is associated with Númenórian heritage, though there isn't a particularly strong correlation in any real sense.
Thematic Headcanons. A series of subject-specific headcanons you can ask your favorite blog and muse.
hc + 🤝 for a headcanon about a connection with one of the receiver's mutual
hc + 👪 for a family-themed headcanon
hc + 🧡 for a friendship-themed headcanon
hc + 💌 for a romance-themed headcanon
hc + 💕 for a loved-themed headcanon
hc + 💔 for a headcanon about a sad experience
hc + 🤥 for a lie-themed headcanon
hc + 😶 for a headcanon about a secret they know of / keep
hc + 😴 for a sleep-themed headcanon
hc + 🌇 for a headcanon about morning- or evening rituals
hc + 🧼 for a hygiene-themed headcanon
hc + 🏠 for a home-themed headcanon
hc + 😃 for a happiness-themed headcanon
hc + 😨 for a fear-themed headcanon
hc + 🤕 for a pain-themed headcanon
hc + 🚶♂️ for a habit-themed headcanon
hc + 👍 for a headcanon about things they like
hc + 👎 for a headcanon about things they dislike
hc + 💪 for a sport-themed headcanon
hc + 😡 for a headcanon about something that makes them angry
hc + 👻 for a headcanon about supernatural occurrences
hc + 🥣 for a food-themed headcanon
hc + ☕ for a drink-themed headcanon
hc + 🐈 for a pet/animal-themed headcanon
hc + 🌸 for a plant-themed headcanon
hc + 🌄 for an outdoor-themed headcanon
hc + 🌍 for a travel-themed headcanon
hc + 🗡 for a weapon-themed headcanon
hc + 🎡 for a hobby-themed headcanon
hc + 🚗 for a transportation-themed headcanon
hc + ⏳ for a time-themed headcanon
hc + 🌘 for a night-themed headcanon
hc + 🌞 for a day-themed headcanon
hc + 🪐 for a universe-themed headcanon
hc + 🌂 for a weather-themed headcanon
hc + ⛄ for a season-themed headcanon
hc + 🎉 for a celebration-themed headcanon
hc + 🏆 for a goal-themed headcanon
hc + 💯 for an achievement-themed headcanon
hc + 🚬 for a headcanon about a bad habit
hc + 🎭 for an arts-/crafts-themed headcanon
hc + ✂️ for a hair-themed headcanon
hc + 👗 for a clothes-themed headcanon
hc + 💍 for a jewelry-themed headcanon
hc + 💄 for a makeup-themed headcanon
hc + 🎓 for an education-themed headcanon
hc + 📿 for a faith-themed headcanon
hc + 🎵 for a music-themed headcanon
hc + 📱 for a media-themed headcanon
hc + 🎥 for a film/tv-themed headcanon
hc + 📔 for a reading-themed headcanon
hc + 💰 for a money-themed
hc + 💼 for a job-themed headcanon
hc + 💉 for a medical-themed headcanon
hc + 🛒 for a shopping-themed headcanon
hc + 🔞 for a nsfw-headcanon
hc + ❓ for a headcanon of the receiver's choice
Blorbo ask game
Few outside of the person who tagged me and @oracleofimladris knows my OCs so I'm going to do my main OC, Hithon, chieftain of the Tundra Folk. Tagged by @melpomaenofimladris. (now go do one of your other characters, Mel :P)
What is your blorbo’s:
1. Favourite season?
Spring-winter (late winter), when the sun returns to Forodwaith and sets all the world alight with white fire.
2. Favourite food?
A sausage-like loaf containing minced reindeer meat, fat and salt, wrapped in a fatty membrane from the reindeer's stomach, smoked for hours over birch wood, and fried in more reindeer fat on special occasions, or otherwise left to dry and ferment in the cold air.
3. Favourite plant or herb?
A delicate spray of white flowers on a deep red stock, growing from a rosette of dark green leaves. She blooms in June, taking root in rocky cracks in the high places.
4. Favourite person/being?
Probably Cúvaer, his closest and oldest friend.
5. Favourite place?
Each place has their season and their purpose in his life - in his summer lands, on the northern coasts of Forochel, he is happiest wandering on the high cliffs overlooking the ocean, while in his winter lands, on the slopes of the ice-bound bergs and fjells of inner Forodwaith, he loves best the the soft mossy valleys, where much that is fair clings to life in beds of lichen or in the shelter of berry bushes. Also there's a little marshy area along one of the autumn migration routes with consistently excellent cloudberry-picking opportunities, of which he will reveal the location to none but members of his own house.
6. Favourite animal?
If asked, he's probably say some sort of joke answer like the lemming (for fun, google 'angry lemming') but I think he finds dogs to be the most reasonable creatures.
7. Favourite drink?
Hot water.
8. Favourite hobby/activity?
Calculating absurdly large numbers, with a system of rocks or other small, immediately accessible objects as counters.
9. Do they like to read? If so, favourite genre?
He can't read a system of writing other than the Runes of Daeron, which aren't used for long texts, traditionally speaking. He does enjoy the oral tradition. In these waning days of the third age, he listens most attentively to news from other lands, good or ill.
10. Do they like to dance?
Yes.
11. What is their favourite room in the house?
Dwellings in Forodwaith are single-roomed affairs built around a large central fire. There are outbuildings for storage and depending on the area, shelter for animals, but otherwise all activities of life are conducted in either the yard or inside at the fireside. He doesn't particularly have a favourite place to spend time in all of that, tho.
12. Favourite place to travel to?
Though it is a long, dangerous journey, the Wild Wood has always made his heart glad.
13. Who is their best friend?
see #4.
14. Favourite bioregion?
I'm too busy to learn enough about Western biology to figure out what the bioregions in Endor would be according to that way of knowing, so I have no way of answering this at this time.
15. Choose one for them: wine, beer, cider, hard liquor, or none?
Shots of Everclear.
"Self insert characters are cringe"
Bro I'm trying to survive capitalism with maladaptive daydreaming. Leave me alone.
Writing a self insert helped me unpack more trauma than twenty years of therapy. Do it.
The Mary Sue Litmus Test did untold damage to me as a fanfic writer.
Also the owner of Springhole (the website it was hosted on) made the website inaccessible (as in hard to use as a disabled person.)
Might fuck around and write a Quenya textbook.
I think I’m going to start with inflection paradigms at least, kinda along the lines of that excellent “100 nordsamiska verb” book, but with nouns thrown in for good measure.
Might fuck around and write a Quenya textbook.
Do you ever think about how Tolkien’s vision of the greatest evil in the universe was something he referred to as “The Machine” which was his way of talking about accelerated industrialism and mass surveillance and he wrote multiple books where the main villains were a dragon who sits on a huge pile of treasure that he never intends to use but incinerates anyone who comes near it, a man in a giant tower who’s wrecking the environment with his factories, and an evil being who uses what’s essentially a listening device to control the citizens of middle earth. And now Amazon is making a Tolkien show. Do you ever think about that.
Wait are there actually people who think that Boromir was, in any useable sense of the word, elected? To any position that he had? Like, Aragorn was more of an elected leader than Boromir was - Gondorian nobles could have just said "nice try, northern hobo, we had this conversation with your ancestor several hundred years ago and the answer is still no" and then installed Faramir (or one of his cousins if Faramir wasn't going to play ball) as the next ruling Steward. They didn't.
Boromir on the other hand would have automatically succeeded his father upon his death, had Boromir not decided to explore an exciting career as a pincushion at the last minute. Furthermore, while we have little information on how military appointments are delt out in Steward-era Gondor (and I'd imagine that it had a large element of merit), him being the Steward's son had to have at least something to do with him being The Captain-General of the Gondorian Army AND the High Warden of the White Tower AND (whatever that third title he had was)
Also: if we were non-Númenórian peasants in Gondor, our problems wouldn't be solved by replacing the King/Steward with a prime minister: the issues with Gondor run a little deeper than that. Like, the Númenórian realms in exile are literally setteler-colonial states founded on the genocide of Pre-Númenórian people groups and the theft of their land, and people who descend from Pre-Númenórians have very little if any representation in the Gondorian (or Arnorian) upper-classes, and are regularly thought of and referred to as "lesser men" by the Númenórian elite (Denethor *cough*) There was a bloody civil war over the fact that a Gondorian king married a foreigner. And people were still semi-obsessed with blood purity like a thousand years later.
