Love Begins
Three Goblin Art
Today's Document
One Nice Bug Per Day
Noah Kahan
titsay
untitled
Cosmic Funnies
Kaledo Art
Misplaced Lens Cap
Fai_Ryy
🪼
Claire Keane
No title available
art blog(derogatory)
No title available
Lint Roller? I Barely Know Her
2025 on Tumblr: Trends That Defined the Year
noise dept.
I'd rather be in outer space 🛸
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from India
seen from Malaysia
seen from Kenya
seen from Palestinian Territories
seen from United States
seen from China
seen from United States
seen from Malaysia
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from United States
@reereezoku
Kirishima. Bakugou. Dabi. Shinsou. Shindou.
I LIKE THESE BOYS.
EDIT:
Tamaki as an addition, damn I have to protect dat bby boi.
EDIT:
Aaaand Monoma joins the squad.
EDIT:
Sir Nighteye. Hawks. Argh
EDIT:
Natsuo --what the hell they just keep on coming!
Park "I Have No Shame" Kyung, everyone
aka the genius with 156 IQ
The freaking duality of P.O because what do you mean this guy...
...is also this guy?
since when are you into k-pop? 🎶
1st gen (1996-2003)
2nd gen (2004-2011)
3rd gen (2012 - 2018)
4th gen (2019-2022)
5th gen (2023-present)
just joined!
❤️🔥 my vote - i jumped on board during the 2nd gen hallyu/youtube wave. about when bigbang and 2ne1 went global, exo and later ikon were just about to take off. beast, block b, peak boa, peak MAMA, 4minute, orange caramel, that era. colorful and creative with addictive beats and flamboyant music videos all around. i follow taemin's (my ult) activities since 2016 and bts since run era 💕
It's too early to say that I like KPop in general, but I'm into Block B right now, and I fucking love P.O them all.
(Also, thank you Teach You A Lesson for introducing P.O)
I missed Tumblr, because I can freely say "fuck this shit" and other colorful words.
My freaking ISP won't let me access Tumblr so I had to use VPN. 🤸♀️
“All About Makky” Q&A!
because it’s makki’s 30th, i decided to translate 30 questions from his long interview book! there’s so much content here and if you want to see more, please consider buying!!
“All About Makky” Q&A!
(100 Questions for Aramaki Yoshihiko)
-Taken from his Interview Book, “crossroads”
[notes are in **]
Keep reading
Spanish Grammar Resources
The lovely @studywithbyu came to looking for some help with Spanish grammar, so here is a little masterlist! (warning, not so little - long post ahead!) I highly suggest checking out both resources because they cover different things and one may provide the information in a better format for you.
Grammar with SpanishDict
A great resource with reliable translations and instruction! I go here instead of to Google Translate because I know it’s much more helpful and accurate. It also has forums for individual questions.
Here is a list of all its lessons:
Adjectives
Descriptive adjectives (regular and irregular)
Adjective placement
Nationalities as adjectives
Short form adjectives (apocopation)
Possessive adjectives
Cardinal numbers (0-100)
Cardinal numbers (101+)
Ordinal numbers
Negatives and negation
Asking questions: interrogatives
Comparisons of inequality
Comparisons of equality
Superlatives - the best, worst, most, & least
Using adjectives as nouns
Relative adjectives (cuyo)
Demonstrative adjectives
Exclamatory words
Adverbs
Adverb forms and placement
Articles
Definite article forms (regular and exceptions)
Definite Article Uses
Indefinite article forms (regular and irregular)
Indefinite article uses
Neuter article
Conjunctions
Conjunctions
Gender
Masculine and feminine nouns
Professions and other nouns with both masculine and feminine forms
Number
Plural forms of nouns (regular and exceptions)
Prepositions
Basic Prepositions
Basic por vs. para (motion vs. destination)
Contractions
Advanced por vs. para (DREEMS vs. PRODDS)
Advanced expressions with por and para
Pronouns
Subject pronouns (personal pronouns)
Spanish “you” - (tú, vos, usted, vosotros, ustedes)
Object pronouns (pronouns after prepositions)
Direct Object Pronouns
Direct object pronoun placement
Indirect Object Pronouns
Indirect object pronoun placement
Possessive pronouns
Neuter possessive pronouns
Using direct and indirect object pronouns together
Demonstrative pronouns
Relative pronouns (que, quien, el que, el cual)
Neuter relative pronouns (lo que, lo cual)
Impersonal se
Impersonal se vs. passive se
Passive se
Pronunciation
Spanish Alphabet and Pronunciation
Spanish vowels
Spanish syllables
Word stress
Written accents (tildes)
Spanish punctuation
Verbs
Infinitive forms and finding stems for regular verbs
Other uses for infinitives
Present Participles
Other uses for the present participle (gerundio)
Past participle regular forms and uses
Irregular and stressed past participles
Present perfect - Using haber with past participles
Present Tense Forms
Present tense spelling changes
Stem Changing Verbs
Irregular present tense
Verbs like gustar
Basic ser vs. estar - D.O.T. vs. Lo.Co.
Uses of ser: descriptions
Uses of ser: origins
Uses of ser: time
Uses of estar: Location
Uses of estar: condition
Informal future (ir + a + infinitive)
Imperfect Tense Forms
Spanish Preterite Tense Forms
Spelling changes in the preterit
Stem changes in the preterit
Verbs that change meaning in the preterit
Preterit vs. Imperfect - differences and signifier phrases
Affirmative informal (tú) commands
Negative Tú Commands
Formal Affirmative and Negative Commands
Subjunctive vs. Indicative
Wishes & wants in the subjunctive
Emotions with the subjunctive
Impersonal expressions with the subjunctive
Recommendations & requests with the subjunctive
Doubts & denial with the subjunctive
Ojalá with the subjunctive
Uncompleted or prospective actions with the subjunctive
Present Subjunctive Regular and Irregular Forms
Present Progressive Forms
Saber vs. Conocer
Pedir vs. preguntar (to ask)
Reciprocal verbs and pronouns
Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns
Active vs. passive voice
Nosotros commands
Indirect commands
Imperfect progressive
Simple future regular forms and uses
Simple future irregular and stem changing forms
Hacer with expressions of time
Conditional regular and irregular forms and uses
Imperfect Subjunctive
Future subjunctive forms and uses
Past perfect forms and uses
Preterit perfect
Present Perfect Subjunctive
Future perfect
Conditional perfect forms and uses
Past Perfect Subjunctive Forms
Future perfect subjunctive forms and uses
Verb structures (transitive, intransitive, pronominal)
Ir vs. irse
Verbal periphrasis
Indicative mood
Imperative mood
Copular Verbs
________________________________________________________________
Spanish Grammar @ StudySpanish.com
Nine units full of very useful grammar! I plan to use this one myself for a bit of self-instruction before I go to Catalonia. My favorite part is it gives you flashcard ideas and has review.
Here are the units and their topics:
UNIT ONE
1. Gender of Nouns I
2. Gender of Nouns II
3. Numbers: 1-10
4. Plural Forms of Nouns
5. Def. & Indef. Articles
6. The Verb Form “hay”
7. Subject Pronouns
8. Reg. Verbs I
9. Reg. Verbs II
10. Reg. Verbs III
11. Adjectives I
12. Adjectives II
13. Days of the Week
14. Numbers: 11-30
UNIT TWO
15. Ser and Estar I
16. Ser and Estar II
17. Ser and Estar III
18. Ser and Estar IV
19. Negation
20. Questions
21. Poss. Adjectives
22. Tener, venir
23. Tener que / Hay que
24. Exp. with “Tener”
25. Weather Expressions
26. The Personal “a”
27. Contractions
UNIT THREE
28. Stem-Changing Verbs: o:ue
29. Stem-Changing Verbs: e:ie
30. Stem-changing verbs: e:i
31. Estar, Ir, Dar
32. “Ir a” + infinitive
33. Acabar de
34. Volver a
35. Ordinal Numbers
36. Months, Seasons, and Dates
37. Comparisons of Inequality
38. Comparisons of Equality
39. Superlatives
UNIT FOUR
40. Pronouns as Objects of Prepositions
41. Dir. Object Pronouns I
42. Dir. Object Pronouns II
43. Dir. Object Pronouns III
44. Ind. Object Pronouns I
45. Ind. Object Pronouns II
46. Ind. Object Pronouns III
47. DO and IO Pronouns Together
48. Verbs Like Gustar
49. Present Progressive
50. Verbs with Irregular 1st Persons
UNIT FIVE
51. Saber vs Conocer / Pedir vs Preguntar
52. Numbers: 31-1000
53. Telling Time
54. Por and Para
55. Irreg. Comparatives
56. Demonstratives
57. Time Expressions With Hacer
58. Possessive Pronouns
59. Reflexive Verbs I
60. Reflexive Verbs II
61. Definite Article II
UNIT SIX
62. Pret. vs Imp. I
63. Preterite I
64. Imperfect I
65. Preterite II
66. Imperfect II
67. Pret. vs Imp. II
68. Preterite III
69. Imperfect III
70. Preterite IV
71. Preterite V
72. Preterite VI
73. Pret. vs Imp. III
74. Pret. vs Imp. Review
UNIT SEVEN
75. “Hace …” to mean “ago”
76. Formation of Adverbs
77. Subjunctive I: Introduction
78. Subjunctive II: Conjugating regular and stem-changing verbs
79. Subjunctive III: Verbs that change orthographically
80. Subjunctive IV: Irregular verbs
81. Subjunctive V: Desire
82. Subjunctive VI: Ignorance, doubt
83. Subjunctive VII: Impersonal Expressions
84. Subjunctive VIII: Actions not yet completed
UNIT EIGHT
85. Rel. Pronouns - que
86. Rel. Pronouns - quien
87. Rel. Pronouns - el que and lo que
88. Rel. Adjective - cuyo
89. Rel. Pronouns and Adjectives - Review
90. Formal Commands
91. Inform. Commands - tú
92. Irreg. Commands - tú
93. Using Object Pronouns with Commands
94. Commands Review I
95. Informal Commands - vosotros
96. 1st Person Commands - nosotros
97. Indirect Commands
98. Commands Review II
UNIT NINE
99. Future
100. Past Participle
101. Present Perfect
102. Past Perfect
103. Future Perfect
104. Conditional
I hope this helps!
________________________________________________________________
Some other good websites:
121Spanish
PracticingSpanish
Rocket Languages
And if you plan to practice writing and don’t have a native speaker or proficient learner to help, here’s a Spanish editor!
Spanish Checker
spanish paradise this post!
hate it when the people who I love are suffering due to circumstances beyond my control 👎 there should be a sea monster that I can slay to fix the problem
nobody ever gets locked in a tower or chained to a rock at sea anymore - it's always some shit like chronic illness or ptsd related depression
A man of two worlds...
He is beauty, he is grace... Now please. Get out of his face.
Language Playlists
Disclaimer: These playlists predominantly reflect my taste in and knowledge of music. I apologise in advance. Some playlists include songs in other languages including English if deemed appropriate for the playlist. All playlists are works in progress. Playlists in bold are really long.
Multilingual and Continental Playlists
African Music (this used to be a South African playlist and then just mutated)
Foreign Covers
Germanic Music (excluding German and Low German)
Middle Eastern and North African Music
Multilingual Mixtape (contains most of the playlists in this post and a lot more)
North American Music (classic and contemporary indigenous artists)
South Asian Music (mostly but not exclusively Hindi film soundtracks ngl)
Single Language Playlists
Cambodian
Catalan
Chinese
Czech
Finnish
French
Galician
German
Greek
Hawaiian
Hebrew
Hungarian
Irish (Gaeilge)
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Low German and Northern German
te reo Māori
Portuguese
Scottish (Gaelic)
Spanish
Thai
Turkish
Vietnamese
Welsh
Yiddish
Hidden Agenda: Please recommend me music in Romanian and Croatian 🥺 (I also accept other recommendations)
Pine's Ridiculously Long List of Free Japanese Study Materials
First Month Edition
All my current study materials, because sharing found resources is caring. These are not JLPT-specific and are for pre-beginners to beginners like me. I can't believe I have been studying for a month. Comparison is truly the thief of joy. I am a slow learner, but that's okay. Find a community because it truly does make a difference. Shoutout to Seitokai's Nihongo Discord, and to @tokidokitokyo whose post let me know about it and is just overall a great person too.
Main study material: Marugoto Online A1 Self-Study Kastudoo and Rikai with downloaded PDF and Wordbook (my original post about it)
Supplemental references:
A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar (The only NOT free resource in this list, sorry! The e-book sold on Amazon does not have good reviews as it's a scanned copy of the book, rather than a properly formatted e-book. A free alternative to this is JapBase which also contains Intermediate and Advanced content.)
Marugoto Plus which accompanies the Marugoto courses and includes videos, audio files, etc.
Apps: Anki, Renshuu
Anki decks:
Tatsumoto's Kana (Recognizing and Writing)
Tatsumoto's AnkiDrone Sentence Pack V7
Official KanjiDamage Deck (from the creator of KanjiDamage, crude language warning for both the deck and the site)
Marugoto A1 Rikai Katsudoo 2021
Dictionaries:
Rikaitan browser extension (installed JMDict English V4, JMExtra, 日本語文法辞典(全集), and Kanjium)
Takoboto app (with offline access)
Other resources:
Sukiruma for practice writing sheets
Reader Ttsu for reading Japanese materials on a browser (used in conjunction with Rikaitan, since I couldn't find an e-book reader that I can install a Japanese dictionary in)
Sousakuba for downloadable genkouyoushi without watermarks
Youtube:
Favorites marked with a ⭐️.
Comprehensible Input for what it says on the tin, in bite-size formats
Daily Japanese with Naoko for vlogs with Japanese subtitles
Dogen for the funny videos that you can learn from and/or relate to
Game Gengo because Japanese learning through games, and has JLPT geared content if you're looking for it
Gino Kei who has shorts teaching Japanese in a not so serious way
Hiro - Food in Japan for cooking videos, not in Japanese, but these make me crave for Japanese food anyway so that counts
⭐️ Japan Eat for Japanese food commentary in English and also makes me hungry. So, yeah, not in 日本語 but it's delicious so that also counts
Japanese Koro mostly for kana reading practice which actually helps you get short serotonin boosts for when you do actually get to read the words correctly
Japanese Quest which plays games in Japanese
⭐️ Japarrot! for fun, animated comprehensible input videos
Let's ask Shogo for culture content
⭐️⭐️⭐️ Matcha Samurai for delightfully unhinged culture content, debunking Japanese misconceptions one video at a time
Namba Tsuyoshi for no narration Japanese walk with me style vlogs, very chill and relaxing
⭐️ NihongoDekita with Sayaka for fun, short grammar content
ShekMatz Japan has videos/playlists where she teaches Japanese in Tagalog, so if you can't understand Tagalog, you'd better skip it
Sora The Troll because why not
⭐️ Takashii from Japan is honestly one of my favorites, even before I started learning Japanese. His interviews are just really good!
Taro's Sewing because my toxic trait is thinking I can sew the cool things they post. Also comes with short Japanese commentary on screen
Tokyo Lens counts as uh, immersion even if it's not in Japanese, but it's in Japan so that counts? Yeah, let's go with that
もしもしようすけ for Japan vlogs/walk with me with Japanese and English subtitles
Yomii Japan Piano if you like piano and the occasional trolling
Japanese Calligrapher Takumi because my other toxic trait is thinking I can write this beautifully
stop talking to me I just woke up seven (7) hours ago
Mashle The Stage / 2.5 [dl]
Cast: Akazawa Ryotaro : Mash Burnedead Hiroi Yuto : Finn Ames Ishikawa Ryoga : Lance Crown Yamada James Takeshi : Dot Barrett Kawauchi Misato : Lemon Irvine Sasamori Hiroki : Abel Walker Kyoten Waku: Abyss Razor Nakahara Hiroki : Wirth Mádl Hanana Mio : Love Cute Uchikura Uchikuri : Regro Burnedead Sawada Takurou : Brad Coleman Sasaki Yoshihide : Rayne Ames Oka Kojiro : Wahlberg Baigan
Cast: Ryotaro Akazawa : Mash Burnedead Yuto Hiroi : Finn Ames Yogayo Seitarou : Lance Crown Yamada James Takeshi : Dot Barrett Kawauchi Misato : Lemon Irvine spi : Margarette Macaron Tamura Shogo : Domina Blowelive Kitazono Ryo : Orter Mádl Yamazaki Shogo : Kaldo Gehenna Kohatsu Allen : Ryoh Grantz Uchikura Uchikuri : Regro Burnedead Oka Kojiro : Wahlberg Baigan Sawada Takurou : Brad Coleman Sasaki Yoshihide : Rayne Ames Kiyama Haruki : Innocent Zero Yuki : Cell War
🇯🇵 アンン JLPTN N5 リソース
6.1) Verb Stems and the Dictionary Form
So far we’ve talked in depth about nouns and the copula. We’ve also taken a deep dive into adjectives. Moving along with the 4 main parts of speech, next up is verbs.
In some ways, they work like English verbs, but in other ways they are very different. They also have many similarities with Japanese adjectives. So with that, let’s get into it!
Here is your vocabulary:
【What is The Stem?】
Here is a very basic but important fact: just like adjectives every verb form has a stem. The stem is the nucleus or the heart of the verb. It tells us the verb’s core meaning. In English, think of the verb “kick”. We may see or hear the forms “kicks”, “kicking”, or “kicked”, but we still understand that the root of those words is “kick”. We instantaneously think of the action of using your foot to hit something (or someone 😮).
Now take a look the following verbs:
Notice that the stem can be (1) only Kanji (2) only Hiragana (3) a mix of Kanji and Hiragana characters or (4) Katakana. No matter which kind of stem you have, that is the part that carries the core meaning of the verb. When it comes to reading, you want to get to the point where as soon as you see the verb stem, you instantaneously think of the verb’s meaning. (Listening is much more difficult because there are so many homophones in Japanese.)
One thing I want to mention is that sometimes people choose to write verb stems with Hiragana even though there might be a Kanji form. The reason for this is that Hiragana gives a softer and more casual impression, compared to Kanji, which can feel stiff and formal. (When I first started texting with Japanese friends I mistakenly thought that I had to use Kanji all the time lol) This can be great for beginners and learners that don’t know Kanji, but be careful not to get too comfortable!
【The Dictionary Form】
Going back to my earlier English example, we know that “kicks”, “kicking”, and “kicked” are all just forms of “kick”. They all simply have different suffixes (or inflectional endings) attached to the stem (root word). If we want to make a regular verb past tense, we just add -d or -ed. If we want to talk about a verb in progressive tense we know that it will end in -ing. However, if we want to find a verb in the dictionary, we have to look for what is called the base form.
Japanese verbs also have a base form. This is also called the dictionary form of the verb because it is the form that you’ll find in Japanese dictionaries.
Adjectives’ dictionary form ends in い - every single time with no exceptions. The dictionary forms of verbs, on the other hand, look different depending on the verb. Here are the 9 possible Hiragana characters that the dictionary forms can end in:
This means that every single Japanese verb in dictionary forms is made up of a stem, followed by one of those characters. Now let’s think about our 8 example verb forms from before. Can you figure out which ones are in dictionary form?
⬇️
Thinking time… 😉
⬇️
The answer is… all of them except for やらない and 伸ばします are in dictionary form! It may seem confusing at first but don’t worry - with time and practice it will become second nature.
Both French and Spanish are similar in that all verbs in the language must end in one of three possible ways. Imagine if there were only a set number of patterns that an English verb could end with!
【Verb Readings】
The last thing I’d like to talk about is how you read a verb. Let’s say that you are reading some Japanese and you come across a verb, but you don’t know how to read / say it. What do you do??
Here are 2 verbs. Their stems are different, but they use the same Kanji.
In order to read these verbs, we can use a Kanji dictionary. Here is what I see when I look up the Kanji 食*:
There is a lot of info here, but don’t stress! We only need to look for what is called the kun’yomi. In the dictionary above, they are noted by the 訓 (read as くん) box. (When you read verbs, you very often use the Kanji’s kun’yomi reading.)
From left to right you see the words くう、くらう、たべる、and はむ. So how do we read that verb that we don’t know? The key is that the Hiragana characters in bold represent the Kanji**. So all we have to do is match the bold Hiragana with the Kanji in our verbs.
So (as we know) 食べる is read as たべる and 食う would be read as くう. It couldn’t be くらう because the only character after the Kanji is う. The same kanji 食 is actually a part of 4 different verbs!
Here’s one last example:
And here is the dictionary entry:
Can you tell how to read those two verbs based on the Hiragana?***
This shows us that sometimes 2 different verbs may share the same verb stem! Other times the same Kanji may be part of several different verbs.
By the way, the dictionary / site I used for the pictures above is called Kanjipedia. It is a very helpful site with lots of useful information. I HIGHLY recommend it, even if you are a beginner!
【Conclusion】
So in this post we looked at how all verbs in the dictionary can be broken down into the stem and then 1 of 9 possible Hiragana characters.
And there you have it! Next time we’ll look how all verbs can be placed into three different categories (when it comes to inflection). Stay tuned!
Rice & Peace,
– AL (アル)
👋🏾
* The Kanji 食 can be called たべ or しょく.
** Be careful, Kanji dictionaries will tell you how to read the Kanji, but not where the stem of the verb ends.
*** 歩く is read as あるく while 歩む is read as あゆむ. Just so that you know, 歩く is used more often than 歩む. Likewise, 食べる is used more often than 食う.
Here’s a list of some false anglicisms!
A false anglicism, or pseudo-anglicism is a word in a language that sounds English but doesn’t actually carry the same meaning in English.
Wikipedia has a very very good list of examples; pretty much all of these come from there
In multiple languages:
autostop: hitchhiking (French, Italian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Greek, Russian, Spanish, Bulgarian, Hungarian)
basket: basketball (Danish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Spanish, Swedish, Greek)
camping: campsite or campground (French, Dutch, Greek, Bulgarian, Russian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish)
smoking: dinner jacket, tuxedo, or smoking jacket (Danish, French, Portuguese, German, Italian, Dutch, Greek, Russian)
Korean
one shot: bottoms up (원샷)
hand phone: cellphone (핸드폰)
skinship: platonic hand-holding, hugging, etc. (스킨십)
French
baby-foot: table football
baby-parc: playpen
before: drinks before a party/"pregame" (opposite of after)
blind test: music quiz / 'name that tune'
brushing: blow-dry and styling
box: wifi router or parking space
dancing: dance hall
footing: jogging (though the real English word is also used in French with the same meaning)
pressing: dry cleaning shop
recordman/recordmans/recordwoman: record holder, especially in sports (also in Russian)
relooker/relooking: to makeover/a makeover
speaker/speakerine: rradio or television announcer
Italian
autogrill: rest area
beauty farm: spa
jolly: the joker in a pack of cards
pullman: a bus
smart working: remote work
water: toilet
Portuguese
outdoor: billboard
home office: work from home
Danish
butterfly: bow tie
cottoncoat: trench coat
doorstep: a short and informal press conference
monkeyclass: economy class
speedmarker: a felt-tip pen
timemanager – a calendar or notebook in which one writes down appointments
Dutch:
beamer: a video projector (also in German)
box: a playpen or a music speaker
videoclip: a music video
German
Bodybag: a messenger bag
Dressman: a male model
Flipper: a pinball machine
Funsport: a sport played for amusement, such as skateboarding or frisbee
Handy: a mobile phone
Jobticket: a free pass for public transport provided by an employer for employees
mobbing: bullying
Swedish:
after work: a meeting for drinks after the workday is finished
pocket: A paper-back book
