SANA

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SELF-REFLECTION

After 5 months of working on this project from the pre-produtcion to the post-production phase. I learned alot. Reading my progress posts on my blog and my pre-produtcion posts, I’ve noticed that I’ve changed and done alot of tweakings to the main idea I had originally. 

STORY

Let me start by talking about the story. At first I wrote the idea down on word, which was really complicated and to be honest had alot of unecessary ideas. After alot of tweaking and asking around for people’s advice, I ended up with what I feel is a straight to the point story simple yet not so simple one. I ended up with a story that I’m happy about.

DESIGN

Environment: I knew I wnated to really push myself for this project and do something I have never done before. I wanted to go with a somehow 3D look using only 2D. I worked with alot of details in the design, using no outline, just a base color and shadows, which made the job to make it look polished and clean harder and more time consuming. My complications for this one, was really only time. I was still working on environment until the last second of this project. Having alot of different camera angles didn’t help at all. But all in all I’m really happy with the result. I feel like i’ve challenged myself on this one and completed the challenge. Also I watched alot of tutorials on youtube, that I talked about in my forefront posts, which helped me achieve what I wanted.

Elle: I wanted Elle to seem like a normal girl. I chose happy and bright colors for her clothes purposely, to show that even the happiest people can suffer from anxiety. I also wanted her to look like a young adult, becayse as I said in my promotional video, studies show that people in their 20′s are the most prone to experience panic attacks. Also after showing my project to alot of people. They thought that Elle was me. Which wasreally funny and yet I took it as compliment for my project, As i tried to project w real-life experience into this piece. So this really made me happy. For complications, I’ve worked with alot of details for this character which was really time consuming as I had to animated alot of tiny stuff like the strap of her overalls in everyframe, or her freckles for example. I could’ve finished the animation in a lot less time if it wasn’t for that.

Guy Character: I designed this character in three phases showing how severe Elle’s anxiety is getting.

Glob design: I have a long post talking about how I designed the glob and what colors I’ve chosen and what I researched. Long sotry short I went with grey, since it associates with anxiety. And I initially wanted to go for black.

Extras: I designed them as black silhouettes because I didn’t want to shift the attention from what’s happening between Elle and the guy character.

CHANGES THAT OCCURED:

There are alot of changes that occured from the pre-production till the production phase. Whenever I’m working on a project, I most of the time never go with the exact initial storyboard. I always try to find more interesting ways to express what’s in my mind. One example is, in my initial story-board, I had the guy character just crack his neck, But as I was working I wanted it to be more distrubing for the viewere so I decided to make him crack his neck further, open his mouth and let gooey stuff come out of this mouth. Which really worked, after showing it to people they got disguted from seeing it. Also I changed alot of camera angles, and stuff happening around Elle.

BOG: 

At first, I really hated blogging. The fact that it was always in the back of my mind while working, stressed me out. But it grew on me. And I find it really useful and soothing in a way. Blogging my progress and talking about how I felt when i worked on a specific thing really helped me reflect on myself, and me evaluate myself unconsciously. Also doing forefront posts, really made me go out there and see what others are doing, Which really inspired me to try new style for future projects. Continuing my point, about reflecting on my own work. I learned what works for me what doesn’t, evaluated what I had in mind and if I executed it successfully. For example, this is the first time I work in a non chronological order. I worked on the hard scenes first then went on with the easy ones. I really hated it, and I felt that it didn’t work for me at all. I personally feel more at ease when working chronologically, finishing from one thing at a time, and moving to the other one. Doing it the other way really made me feel demotivated at times, which shifted my focus when I was working on something specific, always having the thought of having alot still to do in the back of miy mind, like coloring a scene that I finished animating for example. But on the brightside, everything came together so quickly at the end and it was worth it.

EVALUATING MY PROJECT:

I haven’t really focused on this point in my presentation. So I wanted to talk about it here. First, I didn’t want to show my animation to anyone before it was finished. I showed it to several people when it wasn’t finished, and I got really good feedback. But this wasn’t it for me. This project is really important to me on a personal level. First, I want to send a message for young adults who suffer from anxiety. I want to let them know that what they go through is completely normal and there is nothing to be afraid of. I want to let them know that it’s going to hit again and again, each time will be as scary as the first one. But they’re never alone. They can always seek help, find what works for them, learn to control it and cope with it. Second, I want reach people who are not in the know of this issue, or don’t know much about it, and show them the severity of it. I was one of these people, I knew about anxiety but I didn’t realise how much harder it is for the person going through it. If someone came and told me: “Look this is anxiety, this is what happens, don’t worry the feeling will go away in a short amount of time, uou’re not dying!” It would’ve been alot easier.              So, after I finished my project, I knew that I was gonna be dealing with two groups people. the people who get it and the people who don’t, which is understanble. And that’s what happened. People who know about it, who know someone suffering from axniety, or who suffer from it, got it. the people who don’t, didn’t really get it. Which was fine, this was one of my goals for this project, help people understand the severity of anxiety in a way. Also someone told me that there’s a sensitivity that I transmit in my animations, which really was a huge compliment and made me 100% more happy with the outcome. Also some people felt like they wanted to take a deep breath while watching it. All in all I achieved all my goals regarding the audience part, I wanted them to get disturbed, root for Elle, feel what she’s feeling, which happened also. I’m so happy with the outcome and I can’t wait for the next step for this project. Festivals.

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FOREFRONT

LIFE AFTER A MASS SHOOTING

This is an animation of a new series called “Life After” made by CNN Motion. It’s about a girl who talks about her life and what she went through after a mass shooting that took place in Florida in 2016. First, let’s talk about the technical stuff. The style, I wasn’t amazed by it. I mean it’s nice and I like it but it’t not what i find aesthetically pleasing, personally. Second I loved the animation, I think they used the rotoscoping technique? What I loved the most about this animation is the transitions and how smooth they are. I feel like when an animation has more transitions than cuts, they give it a lot more value. Because I know how much more time and effort it takes to animate them. I actually did this in one of my previous animation based on a poem where I didn’t use cuts at all. And let me tell you, it would’ve taken me A LOT less time to finish it if used cuts. But on the bright side I find it a lot more soothing and satisfying. Also, I love how they started a series that talks about the issues that the world or an individual goes through. It’s one of my goals actually, to address issues through my work to the world. To express what bothers me in this world that we live in through art. Not that I’m an expert or so, but if I could be 1% of a change that would be it.

REFERENCE:

 CNN - Life After a Mass Shooting on Vimeo [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://vimeo.com/341849997 (accessed 8.8.19).  

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PROGRESS

After finishing the hard scene, I felt so motivated as if I’m just starting to work on the project now. So I sat down and focused on finishing all the scenes that were between the start and the one that I finished. I had two scenes still to work on from scratch, and other ones that needed to be cleaned and coloured. I just wanted to see my film come together so bad I didn’t care how much time it’s going to take me. I managed to finish this part in one day. Also after I finished the first part of this animation, I only have the last part which consists of easy scenes that i’m not even worried about. But I’m so excited and love how it’s turning out. The thing is, I have never worked this way before. Working on the hard scenes first and leaving the easy scenes till the end. I have never not worked chronologically. And to be honest, this made me so demotivated at times, because every time I finish something I feel like I still have a lot to go back to, and I didn’t feel like I was being productive at all. I noticed that it was shifting my focus while working on something specific, which took me a lot more time to finish stuff. That’s why I started to time myself and divided the things that I had to work on into categories. I just feel more at ease when I finish each thing at a time, and not just having it in the back of my mind bugging me. But at the end everything escalated so quickly, and boom I have three quarter of my film done. Anyway here are the two scenes that I finished.

AND HERE IS EVERYTHING TOGETHER TILL NOW

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FOREFRONT

THE MOON’S MILK

This is a stop-motion animation that took seven and a half years to make. It’s about a trip to the moon to extract milk from it. It’s such a weird concept, though I found it amazing. First of all, when the narrator said “when the moon is close enough to be reached by ladder” I quickly remembered an animation called “La Luna”, which is one of my favourite animations. So when I remembered this, I was kind of disappointed knowing what’s gonna happen. But as I was watching it, I totally forgot about that thought and it took me to a whole new world. I legit felt like I was watching one of my dreams, that’s how weird it was. I mean the concept itself, extracting milk from the moon. The characters also are freakishly weird. But it’s all weird in a good way, amazingly weird. Also the narrator’s voice is very soothing and relaxing, which really fit the dreamy mood. One of my favourite scenes of this animation is when they reach the patch of sea where the moon is the closest and the gravity was off. Just the mood and how all the sea species where flying trapped between the moon and the sea, I felt like I wanted to be in the daughter’s place flying. I loved how this animation made me feel, and it amazes me how it was all hand-made.

REFERENCE: 

-The Moon’s Milk on Vimeo [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://vimeo.com/348641658 (accessed 8.7.19).  

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PROGRESS

I have finally finished this scene. It took me a week and a half to get it done. But to be fair I haven’t been just focusing on it, and I’m glad I did that because I didn’t get bored of it, plus I didn’t feel frustrated by it. And whenever I feel this way about a scene I don’t give it my all at the end, and I just want to get it done and move to another thing. So basically I combined three scenes into this one. I felt like my film has a lot of cuts and short scenes, so I wanted to integrate more long clips into it. I divide it into four parts, containing different actions. The first part is where Elle brushes the glob off of her. The second one is where she gets off of the beanbag. The third one is her looking at the guy character while breathing heavily. And lastly is where the glob forces her onto the wall to choke her. I worked on each part at a time, animating, cleaning and colouring. This process made it easier for me, as I didn’t feel stressed about going back and cleaning or colouring the parts that I haven’t finished. (Side note: this scene took 100 frames to finish, longest scene I have ever worked on, I still can’t get over this lol). Then all that was left to do was put it on after effects, tweak the timing, colour correct it, add some effects, and export it. I also added mist outside so that it gives it a more eerie feeling. I love how it turned out. But I had a lot of other ideas in mind to do with this scene. I wanted to add stuff happening outside, like for example black silhouettes outside breaking the window, other things changing and happening around her. But I felt like that would take the attention off what I want the audience to focus on.

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FOREFRONT

HEDGEHOG

This animation is a mix of 2D and 3D. I have a lot of things to comment on. First, let’s start with the style. I love it. I love everything about it. Straight to the point. For the environment, it’s my go to style and mood, how gloomy it is yet how playful it is. How the characters are designed, textured, and their 2D eyes, which seem to be done using the frame by frame technique( or they couldve used the wiggle code on after effects), really caught my eye. The fact that they managed to tackle a very important, sad and difficult issue that people go through, and yet made it funny at the same time. I sympathised with the character, on so many levels, yet I found myself smiling and laughing at him. It was really interesting how they symbolised self-doubt and anxiety with a hedgehog that interacts with the character. Also, side note, the design of the character really shows that he suffers from that, which, in my opinion, is one the things that make an animation successful. Back to the concept, when the hedgehog grows and keeps him from doing what he wants, where at some point it gets aggressive with him, reminded me of my animation; how I have different phases of how severe Elle’s anxiety is getting, and how it also gets aggressive with her at the ending. Furthermore. the hedgehog didn’t disappear, which explains the point that anxiety and self-doubt never go away, you just have to learn how to live with it and control it. After watching this animation and comparing it to mine, I really find it so interesting how each artist expresses the same issue in complete different ways.

REFERENCE:

 - HEDGEHOG on Vimeo [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://vimeo.com/352708943 (accessed 8.4.19).  

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PROGRESS

So I had a lot of scenes animated that needed to be coloured and put on after effects, but I couldn’t do that because I had to design a whole new angle of the environment. So I decided to focus on that environment since I want to see everything come together. I was really anxious about it because I knew it was going to take me ages to finish, Since the first two environments took me weeks. I knew it was gonna take me a day at least, so I gave myself time and didn’t pressure myself, which oddly helped me finish it in a lot less time than I imagined. This is the outcome of the last environment that I designed.

After that I focused on getting the scenes that have this environment as a background done. First, scene 3, I had to finish animating it, animate the guy character who is sitting at the table, and colour it. This is Scene 3.

Then I went ahead and finished the scenes that had this environment as a background. I was also timing myself to work on other things like the hard scene and colouring others. 

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FOREFRONT

HOW TO ANIMATE HEAD-TURNS

For this project, I really wanted to put all my energy into the quality of animation I’m doing. I always felt that previous works that I’ve done, consist of stiff animations, and I didn’t know why. So I wanted to push myself and come up with a film that has a somewhat good quality, close to animations that inspire me. So, even though I know how to animate a head-turn for example, which is what this post is about, I would go on Youtube, watch tutorials, and I always find myself learning new tips. I found this tutorial on how to animate a head-turn. I’ve done a lot of head-turns in my previous works but I don’t think I have ever done a full on head-turn. I have that in my current animation, where Elle is looking at the guy then turns to look at the complete opposite direction. The video starts of with the guy drawing roughs of the main key frames, then he cleans them, and does the breakdown pose. The main thing that I took from this video, is that when I’m doing a character head-turn I have to make it look down midway. It makes a lot of sense. I actually turned my head hundreds of times to try to feel the arc that my head makes. And yes, it does. I’ve never noticed it before. I feel like I could’ve done a lot of slight tweaks to my previous works and gotten a much more satisfying outcome. So this is how I’m going to work with the scene that I have. Let’s see how it turns out.

REFERENCE:

 -How to Animate Head Turns - 2d Animation tutorial - YouTube [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLbqmyE8OvE (accessed 8.2.19).  

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PROGRESS

After I finished working on one of the hardest scenes I have. I wanted to give more time for the previous scenes that I haven’t finished. There are a lot of scenes that either need to be coloured or animated. Keeping in mind that I still have a hard scene that is gonna be so time consuming, I decided to time myself during the day. I divided what I needed to work on into 3 categories : colouring, finish animating previous scenes, and work on the last hard scene. So I gave myself 2 hours for each one, and so on until the next day. At first I felt like I wasn’t being productive and stuff aren’t getting done. But then everything came together quickly. Plus I gave my full focus for the thing that I’m working on rather than waste my time taking breaks whenever I want to. 

So first, I wanted to start finishing everything chronologically, just to get motivated to finish more stuff so I can see my animation come together. I worked on the intro and then coloured the first scene, which consists of two parts. This scene took me a lot of time to clean and colour, due to the all things and details that are happening in the background, regardless of that, I love how it turned out. 

Then I worked on the scene that follows. I have a lot of backgrounds that I need to do from scratch, so I decided to focus on them. This is the making of scene 2. I already had it outlined I just needed to design the background  and colour it. 

Here is the finished result of scene 2.

While I was working on those I was going back and forth with the hard scene and colouring others. Here is the result of one of the scenes. This is scene.

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PROGRESS AND FOREFRONT

This is one of the hardest scenes I have in my animation. It took me 5 days to finish. It wasn’t hard to animate, as it was hard to tackle it exactly how I imagined it would be. And I’m absolutely so happy with the outcome. What I did was that I animated it on a 1920x1600 format, then put it on After Effects, and played the camera and effects. At first I was having trouble working with the camera, but my friend actually helped me with this one. So Thanks to her without her help it wouldn’t have turned out so perfect. Also, in my last post I showed the colours of phase 1 and 2. This is phase 3. 

On another note, I was going back and forth with the design of the anxiety. I first wanted to make it black, but then I thought of using another colour. So I did my research on colour psychology, to see what colour is associated with anxiety. First, I stumbled upon an article that suggested the five colours of the anxiety rainbow. Red indicates the worst type of anxiety, where the person really believes that they’re going to die any second, fear is the trigger of this one. Orange comes right after red, where fear plays a role, but the difference is that it’s based on something actually happening in real life. Yellow, is triggered by a lot of sustained stress.Green, appears less frequently. And lastly, blue, it is so slight that one might not actually see it for what it is. I saw another article too where researchers conducted a study on 105 healthy, 110 anxious and 108 depressed adults. And mailed them printouts of the colour wheel. They were asked to pick their favourite colour, as well as the colour they were most “drawn to”. Also they were asked to pick a colour that associated with their day-to-day mood for a seven-months period. So basically, the study found that people with depression or anxiety were more likely to associate their mood with the colour gray, while happier people preferred yellow. 

Hence, I knew for sure that I wanted to go with the colour gray, but I struggled with its design as the floor was really dark coloured. So I experimented with several shades of gray. Lighter shades didn’t work for me because it wasn’t aesthetically appealing. I also wanted to integrate red, because this is the anxiety level I’m talking about in my animation. But it looked like blood, also the floor has red hues. So I scratched the colour red idea and stuck with only gray. I finally went with dark gray and I’m so happy with it, also shadows are visible as well as highlights, so it actually worked perfectly.

REFERENCES:

 - Brenner, B., n.d. The Five Colors of the Anxiety Rainbow [WWW Document]. The OCD Diaries. URL https://theocddiaries.com/fear-and-anxiety/the-five-colors-of-the-anxiety-rainbow/ (accessed 7.27.19).   

- Pappas, S., 2010. Different colors describe happiness, depression [WWW Document]. msnbc.com. URL http://www.nbcnews.com/id/35304133/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/different-colors-describe-happiness-depression/ (accessed 7.27.19).  

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FOREFRONT

COLOUR CORRECTION

My project has three colour phases, indicating how severe Elle’s anxiety is getting. So I wanted to set a horror and gloomy mood. These two videos below, helped me achieve what I wanted. 

I first started taking notes while watching the two videos and compared the difference. Basically, to resume these tutorials, the two guys played with curves, exposure, tint, and adding vignette. Then, I started testing and applying it to one of my scenes until I achieved the outcome that I wanted. What I ended up doing was combining some of the stuff of both videos, and I also added saturation and brightness effects until I got phase 1 colours. But it didn’t end here, I had to figure out how much I need to increase the amount without having it be too much. So I took notes and tested it on other scenes until i had the three phases figured out. What really helped me was I was able to save curves and re-use the same ones on other scenes. And now what is left to do is apply those adjustments to every scene when I finish it. I also made a curve as just a colour correction for when everything is normal. 

Here are some examples.

This scene is where phase 1 begins.

This is phase two as you can see the colours get gloomier, the saturation and brightness get decreased. But it isn’t shown as much here because I didn’t apply the adjustments to the character herself. I just wanted the changes to be happening to the everything surrounding her. so it will show more when we see the whole thing.

REFERENCES:

 - Color Correction | Scary Movie Effect - After Effects | Цветокоррекция - YouTube [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeD0SXqaCys (accessed 7.27.19).    

- Zombie/Horror Color Grading in After Effects - TUTORIAL - YouTube [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfP-I-WK8uc (accessed 7.27.19).  

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PROGRESS

Since the last progress post, I categorised my scenes into 3 categories: easy, medium and hard. And I have mostly focused on the hard and medium ones, that i know will take a lot more time to achieve. So far as we speak, I finished 3 medium scenes out 4, and 1 hard scene out of 3. The rest is easy, and there are some repetitive scenes in the end, so I’m not worried about those at all. I haven’t put everything I finished on my blog yet, because I want to be able to put all the scenes in chronological order, so I’m just showing bits and pieces. I also was going back and forth with colouring some scenes, whenever I needed a break from animating. Here are some screenshots of scenes that I coloured the past two weeks. 

This is the most time consuming scene to clean and colour. I have been colouring this scene since the time I finished its rough animation. Part of the reason why it’s taking too much time is because I haven’t put my full focus on it yet. There are a lot of things happening in this scene. I have 4 extra characters animated, the main character (Elle), the furniture reacting with the characters, the plant in the background and the door. But I’m really happy with it. I can’t wait see the final result. Also, this scene is consisted of two parts. The part before this, the establishing scene, which i haven’t started colouring yet, and this one. 

The screenshots I’m showing aren’t the final versions. I took these screenshots straight from Photoshop. I have already exported the scenes i finished colouring to after effects, and edited them (colour correction, blur...).

This scene is missing the background. This background works with several scenes I have. I might work on the missing backgrounds this weekend, so I can finish what I already have in hand. Mostly because I’m eager to see the final result when put all together.

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FOREFRONT

WITHIN, WITHOUT

Wow, just wow. A friend actually recommended this animation after he saw some of my mine. This is an animation around the same concept that I’m working on. What I interpreted from this one is that it’s about social anxiety. The scene where there are two characters roaming around the main character and black gooeyness comes out of their mouths, is depicting people’s talk? and she’s afraid of that specifically? (spoiler alert) Maybe that’s why she develops a rock armour to protect herself from this black monster. You can see in one of the scenes that she is actually fighting this monster with parts of her armour, and you can see also that the rocky skin she developed is getting bigger and thicker to the point where it was too heavy for her to carry. I loved everything about this animation. The black monster’s animation is just so amazing and flowy you can feel its gooeyness. Also, there is one more common technical thing with my animation. It’s where the ambience and the colours change to blueish darker tones when she experiences anxiety. Long story short, I’m in love with this animation.  

REFERENCE

    - WITHIN, WITHOUT - YouTube [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A689b3FcDQo (accessed 7.17.19).  

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PROGRESS

This is my progress so far. There are unfinished scenes in the beginning, so that’s why you feel things are happening too fast. And that’s because I decided to start with the hardest scenes first, which are the most important scenes in my animation, and it’s making my work flow slow. Also, I realised that I put too much details with the characters, and that’s slowing me down too. I still have A LOT of fixing and animating to do, but hopefully when I finish animating the hardest scenes, I will be able to finish the easy scenes quickly. I also have mixed feelings about my animation. Even tho I try to animate everything that should be moving, I still feel it’s stiff. So my friend recommended to re-draw every frame and that will fix my problem. I should keep that in mind, and do that for the new scenes. If I still have time I will re-do everything else. Also I will dedicate a day to finish everything that hasn’t been finished for the first scenes. I think I’m gonna adjust my schedule, maybe a day for animating new scenes then the day after that colouring and finishing easy scenes, then go back to animating hard scenes the next day, and so on.

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FOREFRONT

PERSPECTIVE ANIMATION

In this video Charles shows how to create a 360 degree scene using 2D footage. In my animation, I have this scene where it’s the main character’s P.O.V. of everything happening around her. I think It’s one of the hardest scenes I will be facing during this project. I want to show the whole environment while things are changing at the same time. This will be the first time I will be doing this kind of thing, so It kind of is stressing me out, because I have expectations and I don’t think I will achieve what I pictured in my head. I think I can create a cube using the walls and the floor. But the downside, is that everything else is 2D, so using this technique, the furniture and the characters will appear 3D when I animate the camera on After Effects. So I have to test it out first. But I feel like this video gave me insight on how I’m going to manage that particular scene. And If it didn’t work out I learned something new on After Effects. Win win situation. 

Also, I have another option, where I actually have to draw it using the frame by frame technique. As shown in this video, the animator is doing it on flash, but it can be done on Photoshop too. It seems a bit easier than I thought, But I would have to figure out how to actually keep everything moving in place without making it wobbly. 

REFERENCES

    - How To Animate With Perspective - 2D Animation Essential Tips - YouTube [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1lbIe0J3cM (accessed 7.7.19).    

    - How to Make a 360 Video Using 2D Footage | After Effects | SkyBox Studio - YouTube [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yKPPa9T0tA (accessed 7.7.19).    

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PROGRESS

DESIGN ADJUSTMENTS

I first started with designing the interior of the coffee shop before designing the environment from the outside. So I had to go back and make design adjustments, since I have a huge window where you can see what’s outside. Plus, I had to remove some of the furniture because some of it reacts with the characters I’ve animated in the scene. Here is what the environment used to be.

Here it is after I fixed it.

ANIMATION PROGRESS

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FOREFRONT

PERSPECTIVE

This video was actually really helpful. I learned a lot of new tips. I personally am not that good with perspective. I usually eyeball my design and never used grids. I’m sure now if use grids on top of my already done environment design, I will find some mistakes. But on the bright side, I will definitely use it for other backgrounds in my animation. I have a lot of camera angles to achieve, and this will make it easier. I am finding it difficult for some camera angles, where I do the background, but when i put the objects in, it feels iffy. I have seen this technique before but never thought of using it, and when I wanted to use it I didn’t know how to draw the grid in Photoshop. So I learned something new today. Also, I have one or two scenes where it’s the character’s P.O.V. looking at the whole environment, so I have to animate the camera showing it. What I have to look more into is character perspective animation. I have a lot of top and bottom views, so I have to figure this out too. 

REFERENCE

 - Perspective Drawing in Photoshop! Grids and Tips - YouTube [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upxBGNcryRs (accessed 7.7.19).