No, You’re Not Paranoid. Yes, They Are Watching You
No, You’re Not Paranoid. Yes, They Are Watching You
Not so long ago the defenders of government surveillance—wire taps and suchlike—could make the reasonable argument that “if you’re not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to worry about.”
The state of both the law and surveillance technology were such that it just was not cost effective to waste agency resources on ordinary citizens—even those who were as annoying to the government establishment as Minnesota’s cattail mosquitos.
Legal guard rails made approval cumbersome. Supervisors had to approve. Courts had to issue warrants. Even if you could watch or listen to the masses, sorting through the chaff would take years, even with the best data processing available.
Those days are gone in the United States. Yes, they can and are watching you.
The Trump administration has blasted through the legal guard rails. The technology has overtaken us.
The so-called mosaic method or concept aims to take advantage of the enormous analytical power available in new computer technology (think quantum computers) and artificial intelligence (AI) to overcome “stovepipes” and integrate all data from all sources, public and private, into comprehensive analytical structures, or algorithms.
Masses of data that would have taken years to sift through can now be sorted and articulated in mere hours.
An example of the potential use of the mosaic method was reported in The New York Times in February 2025. CIA officials sent to the Office of Personnel Management by unclassified email a list of all employees hired by the agency within the last two years. White House officials said not to worry: the list only contained first names and initials.
"But former officials scoffed at the explanation, saying that the names and initials could be combined with other information — from driver’s license and car registration systems, social media accounts and publicly available data from universities that the agency uses as recruiting grounds — to piece together a more complete list."[i]
The concept of the mosaic method was further analyzed in a Lawfare post inspired by the Times article.
"For example, enrollment data from academic institutions may be combined with flight data from travel providers, attendance lists from non-governmental conferences, lists of published materials, social media inquiries about medical conditions, and commercially available credit information. Carefully sorted and correlated, this information can enable an adversary to identify individuals with access to sensitive information who may be amenable to approach or recruitment, and to craft the most effective means by which to contact them and develop a relationship."[ii]
The point here is that the mosaic method also can be used to parse and organize detailed information about ordinary citizens from their many routine interactions and daily transactions. Emails and text messages, credit card transactions, cell phone records (including GPS data about the owner’s movements), banking records, and so forth can all be mined for information.
China uses the mosaic method and is often cited as the most comprehensively surveilled country in the world:
"In 2005, the Chinese government began placing surveillance cameras throughout the country, in a plan called Project Skynet. After Xi Jinping came to power, China rolled out an enhanced version, Sharp Eyes, envisioned as a system of half a billion cameras that were 'omnipresent, fully networked, always on and fully controllable.' In Beijing, virtually no corner went unobserved. The cameras were eventually paired with facial-recognition software, giving the authorities a staggering level of intrusiveness. At toilets in Beijing’s Temple of Heaven Park, facial scans insured that users could take no more than seventy centimeters of toilet paper at a time."[iii]
The Chinese government combines camera monitoring with social media monitoring, facial recognition, and an infrastructure that provides integrated information real time to government authorities.[iv]
"Not only has 'Sharp Eyes' been combined with facial-recognition technology, but also it has required QR codes to be placed on the exterior of houses; cars to have a GPS tracker installed; cell phones to be 'registered' with the government (and are frequently inspected); and most invasively, all residents within a certain age range must provide the state with biological data samples, including DNA, blood, fingerprints, voiceprints, and even iris patterns."[v]
Surveillance in the United States
Today the United States may be behind China in terms of surveillance. But a sample of only three widely used methods demonstrates the range of government monitoring of folks on America's Main Streets. (None of this addresses the enormous ocean of private sector resources routinely used by the U.S.government--data bases, surveillance tools, etc.)
Washington is catching up with Beijing.
Facial recognition technology may be the most widespread means of surveillance in the United States. Individual “faceprints” are used for unlocking access (to cellphones or secure locations), speeding up processing of large groups of people (passport control and airport security screening), and criminal investigations (matching images captured at crime scenes with suspects or data bases). In 2024 over 100 police departments had subscribed to facial recognition services.[vi]
Social media platforms are routinely monitored by U.S. law enforcement and intelligence agencies, such as the Department of Homeland Security, the FBI, and the State Department. The uses include criminal investigations, threat identification, and screening travelers and immigrants. This largely unregulated monitoring “has become a significant source of information for” these agencies.[vii]
Monitoring of citizen movements appears to be a relatively new development. The U.S. Border Patrol has been monitoring millions of Americans through a secretive program using hidden roadside cameras and vehicle license plate records. The agency's “predictive intelligence” program flags vehicles to be stopped based on “suspicious” travel patterns. The agency has not revealed the criteria by which it judges any given pattern to be suspicious.[viii]
"Resistance" and privacy rights activists often think that if the people "only knew," they would rally to the cause.
As recently as 2022, a plurality (48 percent) of Americans thought that “widespread use of facial recognition technology by police would be a good idea.” Another 27 percent thought it was a bad idea, and 27 percent were unsure whether it was good or bad. Adults who are 50 and over were more likely to think it was a good idea than those under 50.[ix]
[i] David E. Sanger and Julian E. Barnes, “C.I.A. Sent an Unclassified Email With Names of Some Employees to Trump Administration." The New York Times, February 5, 2025.
[ii] Jonathan M. Freeman, "The 'Mosaic Method and the Value of CIA Names to U.S. Adversaries." Lawfare (February 10, 2025). https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the--mosaic--method-and-the-value-of-cia-names-to-u.s.-adversaries.
[iii] Raffi Khatchdourian, “Surviving the Crackdown in Xinjiang,” The New Yorker (April 5, 2021). https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/04/12/surviving-the-crackdown-in-xinjiang.
[iv] Darrell M. West, "How AI can enable public surveillance." Brookings (April 15, 2025). https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-ai-can-enable-public-surveillance/.
[v] Samantha L. Shamhart, “The Mosaic Theory: How the Intersection of Mass Surveillance and Facial Recognition Is Provoking an Orwellian Future,” 51 Capital University Law Review (2023). https://www.capitallawreview.org/article/89888-the-mosaic-theory-how-the-intersection-of-mass-surveillance-and-facial-recognition-is-provoking-an-orwellian-future.
[vi] Gloria Lyu, Matthew Spero, and Connor Henderson, “Facial Recognition Technologies.” The Regulatory Review, December 28, 2024. https://www.theregreview.org/2024/12/28/seminar-facial-recognition-technologies/; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. Facial Recognition Technology: Current Capabilities, Future Prospects, and Governance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/62.
[vii] Rachel Levinson-Waldman, Harsha Panduranga, and Faiza Patel, "Social Media Surveillance by the U.S. Government." Brennan Center for Justice, January 7, 2022. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/social-media-surveillance-us-government.
[viii] Byron Tau and Garance Burke, “Border Patrol is monitoring US drivers and detaining those with ‘suspicious’ travel patterns.” AP News, November 20, 2025. https://apnews.com/article/immigration-border-patrol-surveillance-drivers-ice-trump-9f5d05469ce8c629d6fecf32d32098cd.
[ix] Reem Nadeem, “Public more likely to see facial recognition use by police as good, rather than bad for society.” Pew Research Center, March 17, 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/03/17/public-more-likely-to-see-facial-recognition-use-by-police-as-good-rather-than-bad-for-society/.
Source: No, You’re Not Paranoid. Yes, They Are Watching You