Load frequency control issues in multiarea power system: A Review
by Nazia Kosser" Load frequency control issues in multiarea power system: A Review"
Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,
URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11650.pdf
Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11650/load-frequency-control-issues-in-multiarea-power-system-a-review/nazia-kosser
open access journal of engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering, call for paper engineering
The modern electric grid is one the most complex man-made control systems. Automatic generation control plays an important role in power system operation to maintain the frequency within an acceptable range and to properly respond to load changes under normal conditions. Many publications have been made in the area of Load frequency control (LFC) of interconnected power systems. Load frequency control is necessary to develop better control in order to achieve less effect on the frequency and tie line power deviations after a load perturbation. However, number of control strategies has been employed in the design of load frequency controllers in order to achieve a better dynamic response and the exact choice of the LFC controller in a particular case requires sufficient expertise because each controller has its own merits and demerits. Due to this, an appropriate review of load frequency control (LFC) mechanism is essential and a few attempts have been made in this concern. This paper presents a detailed survey on load frequency control (LFC) mechanism. In this paper detailed analysis of various control methodologies based on classical control, robust and self-tuning control and various soft computing control techniques are discussed. Finally, the investigations on incorporating fast acting energy storage devices such as Battery energy storage system (BESS), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), Redox flow batteries (RFB) and Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices for mitigating the LFC problems in a deregulated power system are also addressed
Apple – Accessibility – Sady (with Audio Descriptions)
View this film without Audio Descriptions: https://www.youtu.be/XB4cjbYywqg
We believe that technology should be accessible to everyone — including Sady Paulson, who uses Switch Control on a Mac to share her thoughts on doing what you love.
Learn more about our products and built-in…
source
Apple – Accessibility – Sady (with Audio Descriptions)
View this film without Audio Descriptions: https://www.youtu.be/XB4cjbYywqg
We believe that technology should be accessible to everyone — including Sady Paulson, who uses Switch Control on a Mac to share her thoughts on doing what you love.
Learn more about our products and built-in…
source
Apple – Accessibility – Sady We believe that technology should be accessible to everyone — including Sady Paulson, who uses Switch Control on a Mac to share her thoughts on doing what you love. Learn more about our products and built-in accessibility features at source
I’m beginning my research on parameter estimation and adaptive control for the water bottle rocket model. My most recent post assumed that the controller magically knows the rocket’s mass and air pressure, so today I want to make a controller that can estimate these values by observing its own performance.
First thing I wanted to do was remove the control ripple I was seeing in the acceleration. Reducing the PI values I was using in the thrust regulator cleared that right up, and improved the response time. Hey, maybe I’m getting better at this control business!
One thing I need to keep in mind later is that deceleration above g needs to be prevented, as it will cause water to move to the top of the rocket, rendering its propulsion ineffective. Also, if thrust vectoring is the sole means of control, then control will be lost when the nozzle is closed
I want to explain what’s going on here a little more. At t=0 to 0.1s, the nozzle opens fully to accelerate the rocket upward. From t=0.1 to 1.1s, the rocket, using the speed it just gained, coasts up to its target altitude of 5 meters. From t=1.1 to 3s, the nozzle opens just enough to keep the rocket suspended in the air. At t=3, the rocket is given the command to land. From t=3 to 3.65s, the nozzle closes and the rocket is in freefall. From t=3.7 to 5.2s, the nozzle opens again to slow the rocket down for landing. At t=5.2s, the rocket touches the ground at 0.25m/s, a nice safe landing speed.
This is all done with a series of manually-tuned PID controllers. Quite exciting what a few numbers can do!
Now, on to parameter estimation.
I’ll start by using the simple least-squares method of estimation, which Simulink conveniently has a block for. Using thrust and acceleration estimates, I should be able to approximate the mass. Realistically, since my estimates for thrust won’t be very accurate, I’ll want to use something with pressure and water drainage rates... or maybe this is best. We’ll see.
So, some issue with this estimator. When the thrust is off, there’s no way to really tell the mass. I need to include some sort of weighting function so that this doesn’t affect the mass estimate.
This also points at a more fundamental issue: if I can’t reliably estimate thrust, then anything this estimator puts out will be garbage.
I changed some of the parameters and prevented values from being update when the throttle is off. The result is still a bit off, but might be workable.
Now I use this estimate for my thrust regulator and see how the system behaves.
Surprisingly okay! There’s a small oscillation in the thrust command due to the spike in the expected mass seen earlier. It’s a pretty tiny ripple, but something I’ll need to get rid of eventually.
I played with changing the thrust estimation parameters, and it appears that this system is quite tolerant of poor mass estimation. Since it regulates its own acceleration, any disturbances are fairly well tolerated.
I’ll look into this more, including pressure estimation.
Pemeliharaan peralatan electrical secara rutin dan teliti sangat diperlukan guna menjaga keawetan system electrical tersebut. Pemeliharaan electrical system yang rutin dapat memperpanjang umur pakai system tersebut sehingga dapat menciptakan efisiensi bagi perusahaan serta mencegah terjadinya delay dalam sistem produksi akibat adanya…
