For who has not grown used to the paradox that in so many of the artists who seem to us now to have spoken most deeply of (maybe even for) bourgeois society -- Flaubert, George Eliot, Simmel, Manet, Marx, Menzel, Baudelaire, Ibsen, Henry James -- care seems indistinguishable from distaste? Bohemia was never as withering on the subject of bourgeois illusions as the great masters of the novel. The Communist Manifesto, we see in retrospect, is as much under the spell of Adam Smith and Balzac as looking for a way to set their world on fire. It is the great poem of capitalism's potential. And who are the heroines of the new order if not those who stare its horrible decencies most fully in the face: Olympia, Madame Bovary, Hedda Gabler, Kate Croy, The Daughters of the Vicar, Woman with a Hat? Maybe belonging and not-belonging, or respectability and disreputableness, just are -- were -- what is meant by bourgeois identity; they seem to be (again, in retrospect) what marks off this strange way of being-with-others-in-the-world from others before and since.
TJ Clark, Picasso and Truth. Princeton, 2013. hbk, 17-18