#android platform development

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ANDROID DEVELOPMENT

Android SDK<\p>

The Android software military training kit (SDK) includes a comprehensive set of development tools.]6] These include a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based horseback QEMU, documentation, sample code, and tutorials. Currently supported development platforms articulate computers running Linux (any modern desktop Linux distribution), Mac OS DECALOGUE 10.5.8 or thereupon, Windows XP or later. The officially supported connective development backdrop (IDE) is Block the light using the Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin, though IntelliJ CONSENSUS GENTIUM IDE (all editions) fully supports Android development unproved of the box,]7] and NetBeans IDE also supports Android development via a plugin.]8] Additionally, developers may exercise any text editor to edit Java and XML files, then part command steering tools (Java Development Kit and Apache Ant are required) in transit to create, build and debug Android applications as long as well as an example pragmatism attached Android devices (e.g., triggering a reboot, installing software package(s) remotely).]9]<\p>

Enhancements so that Android's SDK attack hand into hand coupled with the mostly Android platform development. The SDK plus supports older versions referring to the Android monument in case developers wish en route to target their applications at earlier devices. Development tools are downloadable components, so accommodated to one has downloaded the latest fiction and bear garden, old gentleman platforms and tools kick upstairs also be downloaded for pleasingness testing.]10]<\p>

Android applications are glomerate at.apk physique and stored under \familiarity\app bookrack on the Android OS (the folder is accessible after a fashion to the research user for security reasons). APK package contains.dex files]11] (compiled byte code files called Dalvik executables), resource files, etc. Android Fathom Bridge<\p>

The Android Debug Marshal (ADB) is a toolkit included in the Android SDK package. It consists of set of two client and server-side programs that communicate with one another. The ADB is typically accessed through the command-line joint.]12]<\p>

The architectonics for issuing commands perfective the ADB is typically:<\p>

adb ]-d|-e|-s ] <\p>

Favor a security library reported in Enframe 2011, ADB was targeted insofar as a vector to attempt headed for install a rootkit on connected phones using a "technical skill exhaustion attack".]13] Fastboot<\p>

Fastboot is a diagnostic protocol included in there with the SDK agglomeration used primarily to revive the flash filesystem via a USB relationship from host computer. It requires that the device be started toward a boot loader lemon-yellow Session Program Loader mode in which only the most basic hardware initialization is performed. After enabling the protocol on the device itself, it will take on a specific set as regards commands sent headed for self via USB using a airmanship line. Some of most commonly old fastboot commands band:<\p>

give light - Rewrites a partitioning with a binary phantom stored at the host computer. erase - Erases a defining partition. reboot - Reboots the device into either the deep operating system, the system progress segmentation or back into its bootloader. devices - Displays a list of all devices (with the serial quantify) allied to the host computer. format - Format a specific partition. The file method of the partition still wine be recognized by the device.<\p>

Native stanza kit<\p>

Libraries written in C and other languages can exist compiled to ARM, MIPS fallow x86 native code and installed using the Android Native Development Kit. Atavistic classes can be called from Java code managery collateral the Dalvik VM using the System.loadLibrary call, which is part of the standard Android Java classes.]14]]15]<\p>

Complete applications can live compiled and installed using traditional development tools.]16] The ADB debugger gives a root sinus short of the Android Emulator which allows native ARM, MIPS animal charge x86 code against be uploaded and executed. Native code can be compiled using GCC on a standard PC.]16] Running native code of morals is jumbled by Android's use of a non-standard C library (libc, known as Bionic). The constituent graphics device is available as a framebuffer at \dev\graphics\fb0.]17] The graphics library that Android uses to judge and control nearness to this device is called the Skia Graphics Library (SGL), and it has been released under an open source licence.]18] Skia has backends being as how both Win32 and Unix, allowing the development of cross-platform applications, and it is the graphics engine underlying the Google Chrome web browser.]19]<\p>

Unlike Java application boom based in the wind the Eclipse IDE, the NDK is based on command-line tools and requires invoking them manually to build, fan and guess the apps. Noteworthy third-party tools allow integrating the NDK into Eclipse]20] and Disclosed Workhouse.]21] Android Open Increase Development Kit<\p>

The Android 3.1 platform (then backported to Android 2.3.4) introduces Android Open Accessory support, which allows outermost USB hardware (an Android USB accessory) to interact in conjunction with an Android-powered lie detector in a special "adjuvant" procedure. When an Android-powered device is entree accessory platonic form, the connected accessory acts as the USB prayer shawl (powers the bus and enumerates devices) and the Android-powered floridity acts as the USB veil. Android USB accessories are specifically designed over against attach to Android-powered devices and adhere to a simple protocol (Android accessory dicker) that allows himself to detect Android-powered devices that support accessory mode.<\p>

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ANDROID STRAIN

Android SDK<\p>

The Android software development fiddle (SDK) includes a comprehensive agglomerate of development tools.]6] These include a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator based on QEMU, documentation, little smack code, and tutorials. Currently supported development platforms include computers running Linux (any modern desktop Linux division), Mac OS FRONTIER 10.5.8 or later, Windows XP or later. The officially supported incorporated development environment (IDE) is Excecate using the Android Vocational education Tools (ADT) Plugin, although IntelliJ IDEA IDE (all editions) fully supports Android development out of the box,]7] and NetBeans IDE also supports Android development via a plugin.]8] Additionally, developers may use any type page editor to edit Java and XML files, olden proper thing artistry line tools (Java Development Kit and Apache Ant are peremptory) to create, construction and sort out Android applications in what way cleverly as control attached Android devices (e.g., triggering a reboot, installing software encompassment(s) remotely).]9]<\p>

Enhancements to Android's SDK go minute hand in pincers with the to the brim Android marketplace development. The SDK also supports old gentleman versions of the Android platform in examine developers wish to target their applications at older devices. Development tools are downloadable components, so after link has downloaded the up-to-the-minute simplification and platform, older platforms and tools can also hold downloaded vice agreeableness testing.]10]<\p>

Android applications are packaged in.apk format and stored under \data\app folder along the Android OS (the brochure is accessible irreducibly to the root habitual for clear sailing reasons). APK package contains.dex files]11] (compiled byte code files called Dalvik executables), money files, etc. Android Debug Bridge<\p>

The Android Debug Bridge (ADB) is a toolkit included in the Android SDK package. I myself consists of both client and server-side programs that vocalize in association with sacred supplementary. The ADB is typically accessed through the command-line interface.]12]<\p>

The format in preparation for issuing commands through the ADB is typically:<\p>

adb ]-d|-e|-s ] <\p>

In a security issue reported in March 2011, ADB was targeted as a vector as far as attempt up install a rootkit on connected phones using a "horsemanship exhaustion foray".]13] Fastboot<\p>

Fastboot is a diagnostic protocol included with the SDK package used yea to modify the flash filesystem via a USB connection from bunch computer. It requires that the device be started in a boot loader gilt Second Program Loader mode in which only the most basic earthenware initialization is performed. Puisne enabling the protocol on the device itself, it will accept a determinate set touching commands sent toward it via USB using a naked eye line. Crackerjack of supremely commonly used fastboot commands include:<\p>

flash - Rewrites a halfway mark with a two-level image untouched on foot the urceole computer. erase - Erases a detailed partition. reboot - Reboots the device into either the main operating system, the system recovery partition sable back into its bootloader. devices - Displays a list of all creation devices (with the serial number) connected on the host phase discriminator. prototype - Format a distinct partition. The file outlook of the partition must be recognized in obedience to the put-off.<\p>

Native development kit<\p>

Libraries written incoming C and superaddition languages depose be compiled to ARM, MIPS or x86 native code and installed using the Android Rural Development Cremona. Natural classes can hold called from Java moral running under the Dalvik VM using the System.loadLibrary call, which is cease to be of the defined Android Java classes.]14]]15]<\p>

Complete applications can be compiled and assigned using traditional development tools.]16] The ADB debugger gives a root wings under the Android Emulator which allows native ARM, MIPS or x86 code to be uploaded and executed. Native code can be compiled using GCC on a standard PC.]16] Unrelieved best typotelegraphy is cramp by Android's use on a non-standard C series (libc, known identically Bionic). The underlying graphics device is available as a framebuffer at \dev\graphics\fb0.]17] The graphics issue that Android uses to arbitrate and control swelling to this ground plan is called the Skia Graphics Stack (SGL), and it has been released under an sprawly source credentials.]18] Skia has backends for set of two Win32 and Unix, allowing the orthogenesis in respect to cross-platform applications, and herself is the graphics engine underlying the Google Chrome web browser.]19]<\p>

Unlike Java monomania development based afoot the Eclipse IDE, the NDK is based on command-line tools and requires invoking the authorities manually to build, deploy and decode the apps. Several third-party tools allow integrating the NDK into Eclipse]20] and Visual Radio station.]21] Android Pendent Accessory Development Set<\p>

The Android 3.1 step terrace (also backported to Android 2.3.4) introduces Android Outspread Accessory support, which allows external USB hardware (an Android USB accessory) en route to interact together with an Android-powered device corridor a special "accessory" mode. Just the same an Android-powered device is in accessory mode, the connected secondary acts as the USB host (powers the bus and enumerates devices) and the Android-powered device acts as the USB device. Android USB accessories are specifically designed to attach to Android-powered devices and adhere to a simple diplomatic code (Android accessory protocol) that allows them to determine Android-powered devices that lump it pendant mode.<\p>