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In linguistics, apophony is an alternation of vowel (quality) within a word that indicates grammatical information (often inflectional). It is also known as ablaut, (vowel) gradation, (vowel) mutation, alternation, internal modification, stem modification, stem alternation, replacive morphology, stem mutation, or internal inflection.

Wikipedia

#quote #linguistics #language #apophony #ablaut

when the rain came

They had hardly sat down to table, when the rain came puttering down on the roof, and in a quarter of an hour the storm was as violent, and the thunder and lightning as terrific as on the day before. All the out-door labour was again suspended...

ex Robinson Ready Or the Wreck of the Pacific : Written for young people by Captain Marryat. Für die deutsche Jugend mit belehrenden Noten und einem Wörteruche versehen [provided with instructional notes and dictionary for German youth]. (Leipzig, Baumgärtner’s Buchhandlung, 1844) : 138 : link

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“puttering” for “pattering” in Masterman Ready; or, The Wreck of the Pacific. Written for Young People. By Captain Marryat. vol. 2 (of 3), (London, 1842) : 16 : link (hathitrust)

This 1842 edition contains wood engravings, some marked “DICKES.DEL” (William Dickes, 1850-92), see BM bio : link and (or) “R BRANSTON.SP” (Robert Branston, 1803?-77), BM : link

catalogue record for this edition (Michigan copy) : link

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Frederick Marryat (1792-1848) — wikipedia — authored : a signal code, several editions, the third in 1820 : A Code of signals for the use of Vessels employed in the merchant service; Including a cypher for secret correspondence : link (Österreichische Nationalbibliothek), nautical and children’s fiction, and even (uncertainly) The Floral Telegraph; or Affection’s Signals, By the Late Captain Marryatt [sic], R.N. (London, 1850?) : link

But I digress.

#1844 #Captain Marryat #puttering for pattering #apophony #wreck of the Pacific

so much racket; why, and why

“Nobody can keep her from puttering around among the pots and pans. Don’t make so much racket...” “Why is she an old woman when she should be in her prime, and why is she always a ‘pottering around among the pots and pans?’”

(the answer — his drinking) from Grace Boteler Sanders, Springfield, O. “The Coming of Mary Elizabeth,” in The New York Templar 30:1 (Delhi, New York, November 15, 1910) : 3-6 (4)

same (U Michigan copy, via hathitrust)

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Rufus Boteler Sanders was born December 23, 1901. He was the son of Herbert H. Sanders (1867-1959) and Grace Boteler Sanders Allen (1874-1951). In 1910, Rufus B. Sanders is living with his parents in Springfield, Clark County, Ohio. In the 1920 census, he is residing in Springfield with his mother, who is noted as widowed but in fact is divorced. His birthplace is noted as Ohio in both the 1910 and the 1920 census. He passed away in 1985. www.wikitree.com/wiki/Sanders-18729

#1909 #Grace Boteler Sanders #temperance #apophony

on a northern or northwestern slope, this need but little further

... of the Review for several years, and I get trees on a northern or northwestern slope, [i]dea that it is “puttering ... this point will need but little further see that what he may consider “pottering” place before this vast [culture must...

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OCR cross-column confusions, involving : “Agriculture : Rainy Day Work” by Anon., “Why Is Flax-raising So Unprofitable?” by H. Koelkenbeck, “The Cost of Growing Wheat” by J. W. Smith, and “Horticulture : Orchard Protection—No. 4,” by D. B. W. in The Farmers Review 16:7 (April 28, 1886) : 258

from “Rainy Day Work” — “There are scores of other things to attend to on the farm; little things which are constantly beging neglected, but which can be done on rainy days if the farmer will only set about it. The hardest part of the job is for him to get into the habit of attending to such work. He can’t get over the idea that it is “puttering,” and few men like that. But let him once understand that an inspection of his machinery in advance of imperative demand for repairs will save expense and vexation, and he will see that what he may consider “pottering” is really profitable work, and the matter will then present itself to him in a new light...”

#1886 #Farmers' Review #apophony #agriculture

two hours a day

When mind and body work harmoniously together, the greatest force is developed. That force, properly placed two hours a day in a business, will accomplish more than ten hours of “puttering” and “pottering” about. You cannot push a business you do not love.

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ex Prentice Mulford, “How to Push Your Business,” in Your Forces, and how to Use Them. The White Cross Library, Vol. III. (New York: F. J. Needham, 1889) : 13 same (1902 printing, NYPL copy) at hathitrust

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Prentice Mulford (1834-91), wikipedia

Failed miner, failed (New Jersey) hermit, itinerant humorist, writer, journalist, editor, (San Francisco) Argonaut, traveler, “New Thought” philosopher. Canoe-ist. His writing weaves experience and aperçus together. His two memoir-istic books are :

Prentice Mulford, The Swamp Angel (The White Cross Library, F. J. Needham, Boston, 1888) : link (LC copy, via hathitrust) — “I had long entertained the idea of building for myself a house in the woods, and there living alone... ¶ I found at last, in New Jersey, a piece of woods, a swamp, a spring near by, a rivulet and, above all, a noble, wide-branching oak...” (p3)

Prentice Mulford’s Story : Life by Land and Sea (The White Cross Library, F. J. Needham, 1889) : link (NYPL copy, via hathitrust) (largely about his career to and in California.)

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See Enoch Anderson’s lovely introduction to a recent reprint of Mulford’s Life by Land and Sea (Santa Ana River Press, Norco, California, 2004) : link (accessed 20220811)

and Charles Warren Stoddard, “Prentice Mulford, The New Gospeler,” in National Magazine 22:1 (April 1905) : 94-101 : link (hathitrust)

#1902 #Prentice Mulford #apophony #pararhyme

#spectral #apophony #schwärzer #diabolical #necromantic #denizen #sorcery #lycanthropic #ravenous #fiend #draconian #entity #lascivious #monstrosity #symphonium #esoterica #cauldron

#spectral #lascivious #apophony #esoterica #lycanthropic #sorcery #denizen #entity #necromantic #cauldron #fiend #monstrosity #ravenous #symphonium #diabolical #draconian #schwärzer

Sjonna and Her Voices

Sjonna is a weird little conlang. It's basically a big easter egg, designed not to look like so. It's also tripartite.

One of her peculiarities is grammatical voice. She has six voices, active, middle, passive, antipassive, reciprocal, and causative. This is achieved by gradation of the thematic vowel. This process is fairly regular, but there are some deviances. Let me showcase this by taking a perfectly regular verb and ablauting the shit out of it.

ACT: tētam

I destroy something. Active voice usually needs a patient.

MID: tātam

I destroy myself. Middle voice is usually reflexive when the single argument is in absolutive case. If the argument is in the ergative, it means I destroy for myself. Other verbs can change meaning completely in the middle voice (e.g. wējam I sing, wāje I mourn).

PAS: tītam

I was destroyed (by something). Passive voice doesn't really need a patient, but if the patient has to be referred, it is in a case that works like the ablative but has some peculiarities, hence I call it "receptive", while the agent is in absolutive.

AP: tūtam

I destroy (something). Antipassive, semantically, works exactly like the active voice. The patient needn't be referred at all (works better with verbs like "I eat", where what you eat is irrelevant to the discussion), because it's either irrelevant, mentioned once, or you want to put emphasis on the agent. If the agent must be referred, it has to be in the dative case, while the agent in absolutive.

RECP: tōtant

We destroy each-other. Reciprocal voice is most commonly used in dual or more. Since the nominal phrase(s) is both agent and patient, they are usually put in absolutive, though having both in ergative or accusative isn't uncommon.

CAU: tȳtam

I.ERG make someone.DAT destroy something.ACC. The causative voice is quite peculiar in Sjonna, for, depending on the case of the patient, the sentence can take a passive meaning: I.ERG am forced by-someone.REC to destroy something.ACC (REC here is reciprocal, same as above).