Carpinus betulus (European Hornbeam)
Birch family- Betulaceae
Native habitat: Europe, Asia Minor, southeast of England. Long cultivated.
Size: 40 to 60' in height by 30 to 40' (60') in spread; can grow as wide as high; potentially can reach 70 to 80' in height.
Leaves: Alternate, simple, 2.5 to 5" long, 1 to 2" wide, short pointed at apex, similar to Carpinus caroliniana except leaf of thicker texture, sharply and doubly serrate, 10 to 14 (12 to 18) vein pairs, veins more impressed above.
Buds: Imbricate, brownish to reddish, curl around stem, scales with soft pubescence, 1/4 to 1/3" long.
Bark: Smooth, steel gray, fluted, presenting muscle character of C. caroliniana.
Preferred growing conditions: Tolerant of wide range of soil conditions- light to heavy, acid to alkaline, but prefers well-drained situations; performs best in full sun but will tolerate light to moderate shade; pruning is seldom required although this species withstands heavy pruning; partially tolerant of difficult conditions.
Hardiness: Zone (4)5 to 7.
(Source: Dirr, Michael- Manual of Woody Landscape Plants)