“The language of derisive humor—including put-down and send-up—suggests the directional energy of these butt wars: how jokes can seek to achieve or contribute to a butt shift, defined as (1) a change in how seriously a person or idea is taken, and (2) the successful attachment of a negative trait to an individual or idea through comic association.”
from Cracking Up: American Humor in a Time of Conflict, Paul Lewis










