Be(com)ing a National Doctoral/Professional University
Vice Provost for Graduate, Professional & Continuing Studies
Fairfield University was recently reclassified by the Carnegie Foundation, moving from the category of a regional, Master’s comprehensive institution into the category of national Doctoral/Professional university. This is an exciting move for Fairfield, and a part of the University’s larger strategy, but what does it really mean? This brief article provides a summary as we embark on this next phase of our evolution as an academic institution.
The Carnegie Foundation first developed its classification system for describing colleges and universities in 1971. As described by the Foundation, Carnegie “uses publicly available empirical data about characteristics of students and faculty as well as the work of the institutions to identify categories of like institutions based on function and mission, including doctoral-granting institutions, comprehensive universities and colleges, liberal arts colleges, two-year colleges and institutions, professional schools, and other specialized institutions.”
The Carnegie Foundation defines three types of doctoral institutions. These are not rankings; rather, they are broad descriptions based on (a) the number and type of doctoral degrees being offered and awarded by the institution and (b) the amount of research expenditures reported by each institution to the National Science Foundation. The three types include Research 1 (R1) institutions with “very high research activity” and Research 2 (R2) institutions with “high research activity.” The third type is the Doctoral/Professional University (DPU), like Fairfield, Gonzaga, Hofstra, Pepperdine, Santa Clara, and over 150 others that focus on professional doctoral programs. In addition to serving as a data resource on research expenditures, the National Science Foundation defines doctoral degrees as either research or professional doctorates with the latter designed to provide students with skills and expertise for a specific profession. Professional doctorates include the MD and JD, for example, preparing students to become medical doctors and attorneys, respectively.
Additional professional doctorates include those offered at Fairfield, the Doctor of Nursing Practice in Anesthesia, Midwifery, Family Nurse Practitioner and Psychiatric Mental Health; the Doctorate in Clinical Nutrition, and the Doctor of Education. The University is exploring other degree areas presently, including the Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA) and the Doctorate in Public Health (Dr.PH) with the goal of creating a portfolio of doctoral programs that continue to prepare students using the best values of Jesuit pedagogy to care for the whole person and become leaders in the area of social justice.