Chandrayaan 2 Orbiters Mission and Design
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India aims to be the fourth country to land on the lunar surface among the USA, Russia, and China. This mission is known as Chandrayaan 2. It has three important components including the Orbiter, the Lander Vikram and Rover Pragyan. Both the Lander and the Orbiter will be tucked into the GSLV Mk-III rocket. In other words, it will necessarily launch them at the moon precisely and scientifically.
After the rocket reaches space, the uppermost portion of the rocket separates and releases its payload immediately. In other words, the orbiter-lander module will conduct a series of five complex maneuvers around the Earth. It helps in building up momentum and slingshot closer to the moon. However, the capturing of the duo by the moon’s orbit allows the lander to detach itself from the orbiter. It further makes a soft landing on the moon and will then release the rover onto the lunar surface. While scanning and mapping the surface, the orbiter will continue to orbit the Moon for a year.
The orbiter has eight instruments fitted into it. The top seven belongs to India. NASA has one payload on board known as the Laser Retro-reflector Array (LRA). It will last for much longer than the Chandrayaan 2 mission.
Two instruments are similar to those on Chandrayaan 1. It includes the Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (TMC-2) and the Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar (Mini SAR). The Mini SAR instrument on Chandrayaan 1 develops by NASA and the dual-frequency SAR instrument mainly develops by India. However, both of them can simultaneously map the surface in both L- & S-band frequencies with full polarimetric capabilities (the ability to study the optical activity by inorganic and organic compounds). The TMC-2 will map the lunar surface and help to prepare 3D maps of it.
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