Nanoparticle Synthesis Methods: Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up Approaches
Nanoparticles (1–100 nm) are synthesized using physical, chemical, or biological methods, each offering unique control over size, shape, and functionality. Below is a detailed breakdown of key synthesis techniques with references to peer-reviewed studies. 1. Top-Down Synthesis (Breaking Bulk into Nano) Process: Large materials are physically fragmented into nanoparticles. A. Mechanical…
















