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It must be observed that 80% of all computer crimes happen from within the company. Over 60% of all crimes go unreported. Making and using duplicate
By the 1980's a number of social and ethical consequence of information technology were becoming public issues in America and Europe: issues like computer enabled crime,
Electronic Frontier Foundation
What is EFF?
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. The foundation was formed in July, 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet civil liberties. EFF provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use and solicits a list of what it considers abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers without merit (wikipedia.org).
What are the core ideas on freedom of speech?
In terms of Freedom of Speech, EFF defends your ability to use the net as a platform for free expression through law, technology, and policy. the internet has radically increased our access to information in innumerable ways that, and authorized anyone to share concepts and connect with the whole world. However while speech is invited and authorized on the electronic frontier, it's conjointly sometimes vulnerable. Freed of the restrictions inherent in traditional print or broadcast media created—and constrained—by corporate gatekeepers, speech thrives online. Social networking websites permit teams of a dozen friends to grow into huge communities that transcend national borders. Meanwhile, community journalists have used microblogging and video live-streaming to show the world to stories that long went inaudible . Websites like Wikipedia and also the internet Archive have pioneered associate degree ASCII text file model of sharing and conserving data. (www.eff.org)
Example of Freedom of Speech
Example of that is Content blocking, where Governments specially here in our country, they block access to online content for a variety of reasons: to shield children from obscene content, to prevent access to copyright-infringing material or confusingly named domains, or to protect national security. EFF believes that the blocking and filtering by nation states of the global Internet is a violation of Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which grants everyone the right "to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." (www.eff.org)
-Journal Entry #5
What was this case about?
This case is about a computer system that was hacked by an 18 years old boy named Raphael Gray from rural Wales. This case was described that Raphael Gray invaded into nine e – commerce websites in Britain, Canada, Thailand, and Japan. He exposed 26,000 credit card numbers and he revealed some of the credit card information on the Internet.
Who were the protagonists and parties involved?
There were no protagonists mentioned. The parties involved was the law enforcement officers which he insulted, Chris Davis the one who tracked him, e – commerce sites, and other organizations concerned as well as the owners of all the credit card information he exposed.
Did any prosecutions result? If so, what were their outcomes?
The result of prosecution was accepting that Raphael’s motivation in hacking the computer system was that he wants to expose and publish that e – commerce retailers has a low security measures which is vulnerable to hacking, and also to inform individuals/users that they should not trust their credit card information to any of the e – commerce sites.
This results in six initials count alleging an offense under the Computer Misuse Act 1990 section2(1), alleging the defendant had committed an offense under section 3(1) of the said Act by doing an act which caused an unauthorized modification of the contents of a computer. The other four counts alleged obtaining services by deception on two separate occasions, by using a credit card number he downloaded to set up two websites upon which to display the credit card information and the related offenses of the Computer Misuse Act 1990 Section 2(1).
What ethical issues are raised by this case?
The ethical issues that were raised in this case was that the hacker’s intention was to make the users aware that the information they entered in an e – commerce sites is vulnerable to hacking. But through this, the hacker or Raphael Gray also violated the UK Computer Misuse Act, when he made the information of the credit card numbers public. Maybe, at first, his intention was good but the owners of the e – commerce sites as well as the owners of those credit cards would basically say that his act is unethical because he make an unauthorized access to those information.
Sources:
https://jadefactura.wordpress.com/2010/12/09/research-hacking-cases-raphael-gray/
http://itcodeofethics.blogspot.com/2011/12/entry-3-computer-hacking.html
Why is it important to follow computer ethics?
Ethics are the moral values that stop you from doing anything that is not legal and that does not harm or damage anyone else's work, or interests.In physical world we do have rules and regulations that we need to follow, now, the world is changing and upgrading towards the technological innovations. As of now, various laws were made to be able to control and protect individuals at the expanding virtual world where lots of crimes can be made like theft, hacking, scamming, child pornography etc. As the physical world do have ethics now we do have computer ethics. Computer ethics is a concept in ethics that addresses the ethical issues and constraints that arise from the use of computers, and how they can be mitigated or prevented. It is important to follow computer ethics to be able to avoid fine, penalties and cases.
Importance of Computer Ethics
Computer Ethics at its very definition, is a part of practical philosophy concerned with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct (Wikipedia, 2018). Computer Ethics Deals with the procedures, values, and practices that govern the process of consuming computing technology and its related disciplines without damaging or violating the moral values and beliefs of any individual, group or entity (Technopedia, 2016). Ethics at its very core is concerned with the betterment of, if not everyone, then the majority of an organization or group. As a computing professional, we are expected to do what we do best and do what is good for our customers and the people around us. Thus we are responsible to do what is always right in every state or problem we are positioned or faced with in the IT industry.
Ethics are the moral values that to stop you from doing anything that is not good and does not harm anyone’s work or interests. Ethics are all about living a moral and principled life. With the fast growing technology in this generation, we should practice and start doing things with computer in an ethical way. Computer ethics are nothing are how we used our personal moral and ethics while using the computer for different purposes. Computer ethics consists all the rules that we would apply to not misuse information that is not ours to use, or to access any data that is not owned by us. Computer ethics deals with the moral and ethical use of computer applications, software, and data storage devices. When we talk about computer ethics, hacking is what we first think about, then pornography, spamming, unauthorized access to someone else’s computer, and plagiarism. With issues like these, it has become important to know the significance of computer ethics to be able to create a safe computer – based environment.
Computer ethics are something that cannot be imposed on you, it is rather something that should be followed out of your own will and desire. There are two kinds of people in this world, one who follow the rules and respect them at the same time, and the others who don't really care. Should you care about the ethics involved in becoming a responsible citizen? You decide! Nevertheless, if you are caught, rest assured the authorities won't care about you as well!
Source/s:
Importance of Computer Ethics. (N/A). Retrived from https://techspirited.com/importance-of-computer-ethics.
Kaur, R. (2011, January 29). The Importance of Computer Ethics and Software Piracy’s Effects [Web log post]. Retrieved from https://www.brighthub.com
Why is it important to follow Computer Ethics?
It is important to follow computer ethics because these are set of moral principles that regulates the use of computers. Users must know these principles to avoid common issues of computer ethics, such as property rights and privacy concerns. For example, with all the information existing on the internet, it is easy to copy those information. However, computer ethics would suggest that it is wrong to copy those information without the owner’s approval.
With the advancement of technology, computers continue to have greater impact on society. Therefore, computer ethics will continue to create ethical standards that addresses new issues raised by new technologies.
Reference: https://techterms.com/definition/computerethics
Computer Ethics
There is an importance to follow computer ethics because ethics are the moral values that stop you from doing anything that is illegal and harm or damage anyone else’s work, or interest. Computer ethics are nothing but how we use our personal morals and ethics while using the computer for various purposes. Computer ethics are increasingly becoming important because of the rising number of cyber-crime issues including software/movie piracy, unauthorized access, pornography, spamming, target marketing, and hacking. We need computer ethics to prevent malware, spyware, freeware, and browser cookie exploits. These are some of the notorious computing applications that have spurred the debate of importance of ethical behavior in technology. We do really need to be concern more about computer ethics. The reasons are to protect personal and commercial information such as login and password info, credit card and account information and government and commercial databases. It also controls unwanted internet mail and ads (Spam). To control plagiarism, identity fraud, and the use of copyrighted material, etc. To suppress dishonest business practices and to protect and encourage fair competition. And finally, to promote moral and social values in society.
