Computer Ethics

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Electronic Frontier Foundation

What is EFF?

Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California. The foundation was formed in July, 1990 by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor to promote Internet civil liberties. EFF provides funds for legal defense in court, presents amicus curiae briefs, defends individuals and new technologies from what it considers abusive legal threats, works to expose government malfeasance, provides guidance to the government and courts, organizes political action and mass mailings, supports some new technologies which it believes preserve personal freedoms and online civil liberties, maintains a database and web sites of related news and information, monitors and challenges potential legislation that it believes would infringe on personal liberties and fair use and solicits a list of what it considers abusive patents with intentions to defeat those that it considers without merit (wikipedia.org).

What are the core ideas on freedom of speech?

In terms of Freedom of Speech, EFF defends your ability to use the net as a platform for free expression through law, technology, and policy. the internet has radically increased our access to information in innumerable ways that, and authorized  anyone to share concepts and connect with the whole world. However while speech is invited and authorized  on the electronic frontier, it's conjointly sometimes vulnerable. Freed of the restrictions inherent in traditional print or broadcast media created—and constrained—by corporate gatekeepers, speech thrives online. Social networking websites permit teams of a dozen friends to grow into huge communities that transcend national borders. Meanwhile, community journalists have used microblogging and video live-streaming to show the world to stories that long went inaudible . Websites like Wikipedia and also the internet Archive have pioneered associate degree ASCII text file model of sharing and conserving data. (www.eff.org)

Example of Freedom of Speech

Example of that is Content blocking, where Governments specially here in our country, they block access to online content for a variety of reasons: to shield children from obscene content, to prevent access to copyright-infringing material or confusingly named domains, or to protect national security. EFF believes that the blocking and filtering by nation states of the global Internet is a violation of Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which grants everyone the right "to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." (www.eff.org) 

-Journal Entry #5

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Types of Security Systems

1. The crimes that are likely to happen when a company accepts credit card details are phishing and online hacking. Phishing happens when a person takes another persons bank details and use it for their own benefit. These threats may come from external attackers, meaning someone who "acts" like someone with authority in order to get your credit card details or threats can come internally, wherein an employee that has access to these kinds of details use it for their own benefits. In this scenario, I believe that encryption is the best solution to secure customer's details because in this system the data that the customer sends to the company are encrypted so if someone else will access these kinds of data they will have a hard time decrypting it because it is only the company has the decrypion key.

2. If a company employs a lot of young and technically able personnel the problems that the company would likely encounter is that most of its employees might not do what they are paid for. Since young people tend to procastinate and are hooked on their phones they can either just surf in the internet or probably watch youtube, not doing their jobs. And these are internal threats to the company, because they is a possibility that their online facilities are being abused. So I think that having a firewall would be beneficial to ensure that their employees would not abuse their online facilities. By having a firewall, a system administrator could have the authority to limit the web access of some employees, or restrict certain web pages. Also, firewalls could helpful because you can give a certain person access to certain files.

3. Ensuring that only authorized users can access specific parts of the system can be very tricky especially if the system is not secure enough. One problem they could encounter is that the system might give access to the wrong person. Or it might be the other way around, another problem that miight arise is that the system might reject somebody who has the right to access such data but is falsely rejected by the system. Attackers from these kind of cases can come from both externally and internally. Either an employee wanting to access certain parts of the system or someone not from the company might do so aswell. Biometrics because biometrics are great at authentication because it has a one-to-one search method so its one way o ensure that the only people who can access to certain data in the system are those who are given the authority to do so.

4. The problems when a research organization that is working on a highly sensitive case hires a private consultant is that their communications might be tapped by hackers or people that are not part of the organization. Problems like these might come from both externally and internally, That is why I would highly recommend that access control be the system solution for this problem, because access control has it all. It can perform identification, authentication and authorization of users and entities by evaluating required login credentials that can include passwords, personal identification numbers (PINs), biometric scans, security tokens or other authentication factors. Multifactor authentication, which requires two or more authentication factors, is often an important part of layered defense to protect access control systems.

#ethics109

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Biometrics

Biometrics as defined by the Biometrics Consortium as "automated methods of recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioural characteristic." Example of features which are used which is using your finger-prints, face, handwriting (signature), iris, retinal and voice.

Personally, I believe that using biometrics as a solution for the identification and personal verification of a person, is a great way in order to ensure he is who he claims to be.

Although biometric systems are great in terms of verifying and identifying the validity of someone claims of who he is, there are still problems when it come to implementing these kinds of systems today.

One example is when using voice as a means to measure the authenticity of a personnel in a company. The great thing about biometrics is that most of its systems are using a one-to-one matching, meaning identification is a must.

So when an employee enters a place he only needs to speak up and the system will directly identify him and when he is given the authorization to enter that said place, he is given access to enter it.

But still, there are problems that arise from this kind of system, one of which is the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR). FAR is when a systems falsely accepts a random person and has given him access to a place wherein he is not given direct authorization, whilst FRR is when the system falsely rejects a personnel that was given the access to such place.

#JournalEntry03 #Ethics109

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Mafiaboy case was about a 15 years old Michael Calce who brought down the websites of Amazon, CNN, E*Trade, eBay and Yahoo. Even the president of USA got involved, Pres. Clinton convened a cybersecurity working group. Attorney General Janet Rano announces a manhunt for Mafiaboy, the FBI was on his tail. When he was caught, he was charges with more than 50 crimes and eventually sentenced to eight months in a youth group home since he is still under age. Today, Calce is what's called a white hat hacker. Companies hire him to help identify security flaws in their systems and design better security features. In my own perspective, this kind of case is under Utilitarianism. Celce grew up in a divorced family so he think that the only thing that maks him happy is to have the attention of everyone, so when he had his own computer, he explore and do his thing.

P.S. photo not mine

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We all know that our new generation is more on technology. Millennial is more active in computers that they think it is their new world. They built up their imagination inside the computer which they think it is the reality.

What is ethics? According to Google, ethics are moral values that stops you from doing anything that is not legal and that does not damage or harm anyone else's work or interest.

“Computer ethics are something that cannot be imposed on you, it is rather something that should be followed out of your own will and desire.” ♥

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Went out in our room without the permission of our professor for this, and its worth it. 💜