#cryptid notes

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Parasites Notes, Pt 2

Helminth Parasites

Helminths are large, multicellular organisms that are generally visible to the naked eye in their adult stages. Like Protozoa, Helminths cannot multiply in humans.

There are three main groups of Helminths (derived from the Greek word for worms).

~Flatworms; these include flukes and tapeworms

~Thorny-Headed worms; The adult of these worms reside in the gastrointestinal tract

~Roundworms; the adult forms of these worms can reside in the gastrointestinal tract, blood, lymphatic system, or subcutaneous tissue. Alternatively, the immature (larval) states can cause disease through their infection of various body tissue.

Some consider the helminths to also include segmented worms- the only ones medically recognized are leeches though. Of note, these organisms are not considered parasites.

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Parasites Notes, Pt. 1

Parasites- A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host organism. It gets it food from or at the expense of its host.

There are 3 main classes of parasites that can cause disease in humans: Protozoa, Helminths, and Ectoparasites.

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Protozoa Parasites

Protozoa are microscopic, one celled organisms that can be free living or parasitic in nature. They are able to multiply in humans, which not only contributes to their survival but also permits serious infection to develop from just a single organism

Transmission of protozoa that live in the human gastrointestinal tract occurs through the fecal to oral route. This can be done via contaminated water/food or person to person contact.

Protozoa that live in the blood or tissue of humans are transmitted to other humans by arthropod vector, such as a mosquito or sand fly.

The protozoa that are infectious to humans can be classified into four groups based on their mode of movement.

-Sarcodina; the ameba

-Mastigophora; the flagellates

-Ciliophora; the ciliates

-Sporozoa; organisms whose adult stage is not motile

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