How Do Crystals Grow?
Crystals grow in hydrothermal mineral solutions in underground cracks, crevices and ‘pockets’. Where does this solution come from? Pressure deep within the earth creates intensive heat which ‘melts’ rocks, minerals, and other elements into a molten liquid called magma. When the pressure builds and blows the top of a mountain (a volcano), the expelled magma cools into volcanic rock. Much of this ‘volcanic activity’ takes place underground where the pressure pushes magma into cracks, crevices and pockets. As the magma begins to cool, heavier minerals, like gold and lead move to the bottom leaving a lighter mineral solution that may contain a larger ratio of gas and lighter elements. If the solution has a large amount of silicon and oxygen, these elements will begin to bond into molecules that contain two atoms of oxygen and one atom of silicon creating silicon dioxide. These silicon dioxide molecules are able to bond together to form crystals. Like puzzle pieces, the molecules fit together in only one specific way. Over time, the atoms and molecules will continue to bond in highly ordered specific patterns that create crystals.
Sources: Crystal Clear, Jennifer Dent; Mineralogy for Amateurs, John Sinkankas
