"As shown above, the pseudomythological elements to which Lovecraft referred were only part of the fictional background of his stories. They were never the subject of his stories, but rather part of the background against which the main action occurred. That is to say, Lovecraft did not write about Cthulhu, Yog-Sothoth, the Necronomicon , or any of the other places or creatures or books found in his stories. The subject of his stories was typically the small place that man occupies in an uncaring cosmos, and his fictional creations were only part of the means by which he sought to demonstrate that.
For instance, "The Shadow out of Time" is not strictly about the Great Race (or any of the elements from Lovecraft stories alluded to within it) , although their history forms a large and significant part of the story. The story is about Nathaniel Wingate Peaslee’s breakdown in his conception of reality and his place in it; and therefore, of necessity, our place in the universe. Lovecraft is saying that we tend to look at the world and ourselves in a very narrow way. If we looked beyond ourselves—or, as in this story, if we are forced to look beyond—we may not be able to comprehend or bear the significance of what really exists. The horror in the story is that Peaslee is not in total control of his life; everythign he knew prior to his realization that the Great Race once occupied a significant though unknown part of our past has been shattered. Worse still, we find we are actually more akin to the Great Race than we might suspect; especially because we both have reason to fear the unknown elder race hinted at in the story.
Likewise, At the Mountains of Madness (1931) —Lovecraft's version of a "dinosaur egg" story—is an analysis of the reaction of a group of men to the discovery of an ancient, alien race that predates humanity and that once occupied the earth. There has been no record of their existence, save strange allusions in a book not taken very seriously. The men discover the book was correct, and to their horror they discover that the ancient race was not entirely dead; they themselves are responsible for freeing the Old Ones from their icy prison. The focus of the story is Prof. Dyer's musings about the significance of their discovery. It would have a startling effect on our thoughts regarding our place in the history of this planet.
In other words, Lovecraft's stories are about people, not exotic monsters from strange places. His stories address how we might be affected by knowledge of such things, but they are not about those things. The unfortunate fact is that the majority of Lovecraft's imitators, under the tutelage of August Derleth, have tended to write only about the monsters."
- Who Needs the "Cthulhu Mythos"? by David E. Schultz, published in Lovecraft Studies #13













