I've mentioned this in some of my posts before, but, because Barney's Jewish identity is equally as important to him as his gender identity, I thought I would share some information on how gender and gender identity are viewed in Judaism.
Disclaimer: Judaism is broken up into different sects just like any other religion, so not all of these beliefs will be universal across all Jewish communities.
The Talmud acknowledges and describes 8 genders
Zachar, male/AMAB/Cisgender Man
Nekevah, female/AFAB/Cisgender Woman
Androgynos, having both male and female characteristics/non-binary/gender fluid/gender non-conforming
Tumtum, lacking sexual characteristics/non-binary/gender fluid/gender non-conforming
Aylonit hamah, identified female at birth but later developing male characteristics naturally
Aylonit adam, identified female at birth but later developing male characteristics through human intervention
Saris hamah, identified male at birth but later developing female characteristics naturally
Saris adam, identified male at birth and later developing female characteristics through human intervention
You might find a lot of sources that will say there are only 6 genders in the Talmud. That is because aylonit hamah and aylonit adam, and saris hamah and saris adam are often lumped together (respectively).
Please enjoy these links with more information!
Keshet - Gender Diversity in Sacred Texts
And please enjoy this video of an interview with Rabbi Kukla of the Bay Area Jewish Healing Center:
Disclaimer 2: This post is being made for the Dead End: Paranormal Park fandom. A show who's main character is a Jewish trans-man. The purpose of this post is to educate any non-Jews in the fandom if any of them are interested in being educated, or incorporating Barney's Jewish identity and culture into their fan works. I am not interested in debating gender, religion, or my own religious/cultural or gender identities with anyone. People trying to start discourse on this post will be blocked.
I am, however, always happy to answer questions if it is within my knowledge and experience to give an answer. I am not a Rabbi. I am simply a queer Jewish person who enjoys cartoons and fandom.