#different sources

[voidtrace]

I don’t post here often here’s meme

She’s a healer.... But

[ltwilliammowett]

Skeletons of the Vasa

Who doesn't know Vasa, the once so proud ship of Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, which on its maiden voyage 10. August 1628, managed a total of 1300 metres, only to sink due to serious construction defects.  When Vasa sank, thirty of the people on board died, the most weren’t onboard, mostly those who were below deck and could not escape. These included women and children who were either on board as day guests or accompanied a crew member for a longer period of time - the Swedish Navy allowed seafarers to have their wives on board in their own waters. During the salvage and excavation, the bones of at least 17 people were recovered. Some of them are almost complete skeletons, in one case with hair, fingernails and even a complete brain, but others are only partial due to the disruption of the wreck during the many salvage attempts over the years.

Crew member: Ivar (c) Withnall

Of these 17 people, 13 were men, the other two or three women - it is not clear which sex the Skellet has because it has no special sexual markers, and one child. During the excavations, the individual individuals each received a letter of the alphabet because the names of the crew had not been written down and are therefore unknown. In the course of the years a simple letter became a name only to be able to give a name to the persons. So A- Adam. B- Beata and so on. 

Crew Member : Johan and Ylva

Osteological examinations

The average height of the crew members is 166 cm, with the highest 179 cm and the shortest only 160 cm. That is much shorter than today what is to be led back on a bad nutrition as children. The 1620s were the depth of the climatic event known as the Little Ice Age, when temperatures were much lower and vegetation periods were much shorter, especially in the north. Malnutrition and other nutritional deficiencies were common, and we can see evidence of them in the bones. Two of the women suffered from either anemia or chronic diarrhoea, as low levels of copper and zinc show, and some of the skeletons show signs of scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) suffered earlier in life, although none seems to be suffering when the ship sank. Scurvy was common in Sweden in winter because of a lack of fresh food. Most people ate a balanced diet of meat and fish, but Filip was a vegetarian, with almost all his proteins from plants, which explains his small stature and thin physique. This is probably due to his teeth: He had an extra set of front teeth in his lower jaw, which made it impossible for him to close his mouth completely or use his molars effectively to chew solid food. On average, the crew members among the skeletons were well nourished and healthy.

Crew member: Beata, David and Gustav (c) Ingresen

The adult males range in age from late teenagers to the 50s or 60s, with most living in the 20s and 30s. This is the type of age group one would expect in a crew of conscripts who were admitted to military service between the ages of 18 and 48. The oldest is Johan, who we believe was an officer and not an ordinary sailor because of his clothes and injuries. The two clearly identified women, Ylva and Beata, are young, one a teenager and the other in their 20s; they are probably wives or relatives of crew members. Petter/Petra, represented by a one-armed bone, was a small child, probably less than eight years old. This is too young to be a ship boy, and so he or she is probably also a guest.

Crew member: Filip (c) Murdoch

Many of the skeletons have healed injuries, suggesting that life in the 17th century was much more violent than today, with accidents more common. More than half of the people had broken bones earlier in their lives, even the women, and many had broken more than one. Johan had lost two toes from his right foot in a crushing accident – was he run over by a recoiling gun? Adam had been hit in the face with a heavy object, which had broken his nose and cheekbone and crushed the sinus over one eye, which gave his face a lopsided appearance and probably caused him headaches. Filip, who may have been one of the ship's two lieutenants, had an old injury to both elbows, possibly from a fall, which would have made his arms stiff and sore. Most of the skeletons had lost teeth, some quite recently before the ship sank, and many suffered from gum disease (from not brushing their teeth) but there is almost no evidence of tooth decay, probably because of the lack of sugar in their food.

Facial reconstruction of Johan and Adam (c) Vasamuseum

The DNA analysis is its early stages, but it shows that all of the skeletons have DNA profiles which are common in Scandinavia, which one would expect from a crew of conscripts. Several have profiles more common today in Finland, which contributed sailors to the Swedish navy. The small child, Petter/Petra, has the same profile as one of the adult men, Cesar, and is most likely his brother/sister or nephew/niece. With further analysis of nuclear DNA, we may be able to identify such things as eye and hair color and the regional origin of their families.

Facial reconstruction of Beata und Ivar (c) Vasamuseum

Facial reconstruction

Seven of the skulls are complete enough to allow the faces to be reconstructed. This is possible because the features we use to recognize people are largely defined by the shape of our skulls. The muscle, fat and skin on top of the skull are more or less the same thickness for everybody, so by building up these layers in clay on a cast of the skull, it is possible to get some idea of how a person looked. Sculptor Oscar Nilsson, who is trained as both an artist and as an archaeologist, is one of the best in the world at this kind of work, and so he has been able to make lifelike reconstructions of six of the people on board when the ship sank: Adam, Beata, Filip, Gustav, Ivar and Johan. Some of the features, such as the shape of the ears and lips, the hairstyles, and the color of the eyes, are guesswork. And yet these reconstructions are an unbelievable job and give the crew of Vasa a very good opportunity to look into their faces.

 Facial reconstraction of Gustav and Filip (c) Vasamuseum

[the-bjd-community-confess]

SAY 👏 IT 👏 LOUDER 👏 FOR 👏 THE 👏 PEOPLE 👏 IN 👏 THE 👏 BACK

~Anonymous

Mod: to paraphrase, because this is some good sounding nonsense: “slave labor is bad and we as consumers are not given ethical choices for most things in day to day life.”  Yes, agreed.

“...So when we ARE given an ethical choice, like paying someone for their artistic work or buying a fake of their work, the solution is to do the unethical thing and buy the fake.”  No, OP, that’s..that’s not the conclusion to the first thing.

[gifweekend]

“I’d rather be someone’s shot of whiskey than everyone’s cup of tea.” ©

[ltwilliammowett]

Michiel de Ruyter or The Admiral, 2015

Mid 17th century: The Netherlands is besieged by the English and the French. A civil war threatens, which would be a found food for the attackers. Admiral Michiel de Ruyter is supposed to lead the Dutch fleet into war and save the country from the seemingly certain downfall. With determination and cunning, he actually succeeds and becomes a celebrated man. But de Ruyter's popularity is a thorn in the side of the heads of state, they fear for their position of power and send him on a hopeless military mission.....

[screamingsharpies]

[theyellowbitchroad]

The amount of spongebob porn on my dash tonight is Too Much

[coordination-stop-loss-hit-t]

Guide in transit to Windfall Small Business Investors

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