Suomen Mestari 3. - Unit 5. Grammar: Essive and Translative case
I guess these are the cases that kinda come up latest. My previous book has touched on these topics so I’ve known these two mostly, but it’s always good to review.
Essive
The ending is -na/-nä.
Aki työskentelee oppaana. - Aki works as a guide. Nuorena Olga asui Pietarissa. - Olga lived in St. Petersburg when she was young. Rikkaana miehenä Simo maksoi kaikkien ruoat. - As a rich man, Simo paid for everyone’s food.
Uses
Role, condition: mostly used with professions/work. Jyrki oli kokouksessa sihteerinä. - Jyrki was at the meeting as a secretary. Selma työskentelee Brysselissä kääntäjänä. - Selma works in Brussels as an interpreter. Väsyneenä ei kannata ajaa autoa. - It’s not worth driving tired. (=when you are tired)
“because”: I guess this could also be translated to “as a”. Hyvänä kokkina Seija tekee yleensä ruoat sukujuhliin. - As a good cook, Seija usually makes food for family parties.
with pitää and käyttää, following word is in the partitive. Kaikki kurssilaiset pitävät Päiviä hyvänä opettajana. - All the students on the course think Päivi is a good teacher. Käytämme työhuonetta myös vierashuoneena. - We also use the study as a guest room.
with time - this is probably the best-known use Nähdään keskiviikkona! - See you on Wednesday! Lähdemme juhannuksena mökille. - We’re going to the cottage for Midsummer. Olin lapsena melko ujo. - I was quite shy as a child.
Translative
The ending is -ksi. Creating the well-liked -seksi words. :D
Sää muuttui pilviseksi. - The weather turned cloudy. Alex opiskeli insinööriksi. - Alex studied to be an engineer. Mäkelät ostivat vanhan talon kesämökiksi. - The Mäkelä family bought an old house for (to use it as) a summer house.
When you add a possessive suffix, -ksi changes to -kse, and then the suffix of course goes at the end of the word.
Tuletko vaimokseni? - Will you be my wife? Liisa-täti tuli vieraaksemme. - Aunt Liisa came to visit us.
While the essive case is mostly for a state, the translative implies change. (Työskentelen lääkärinä - I work as a doctor. Opiskelen lääkäriksi - I study to be a doctor)
Me tulimme iloisiksi. - We became happy. Sirpa maalasi seinän valkoiseksi. - Sirpa painted the wall white. Jani valmistui sairaanhoitajaksi. - Jani graduated as a nurse.
with luulla, sanoa, kutsua (can again be translated sth like “as a...”), followed by partitive Luulin häntä siivojaksi, mutta hän olikin professori. - We thought he was a cleaner, but he was the professor. Suomalaisia sanotaan usein hiljaisiksi. - Finns are often said to be quiet. Kaverit kutsuvat Kaarloa Kalleksi. - His friends call Kaarlo Kalle.
with time - this usually means a plan, or said before it happens Alex matkustaa viikoksi Lappiin. - Alex travels to Lapland for a week. Menen hetkeksi lepäämään. - I’m going to relax for a moment. used with a day it means the same as “mennessä” - by that day
with languages - again this is probably the most well-known use Mitä “kiitos” on arabiaksi? - What is “kiitos” in Arabic?