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[diabetescomplications]

Integumentary System

When the blood sugar level rises, the body loses fluids, including from the surface of the skin. This causes dryness, skin rashes, itchy skin, and bacterial and fungal infections. It can also cause ulcerations that lead to the complete loss of sensation. One example is the diabetic foot, which if not treated it has to be amputated.

Vitiligo is a skin condition that affects coloration. Special cells that make pigment are destroyed, leaving patches of discolored skin.

Acanthosis nigricans is a condition due to insulin resistance, which results especially in skin creases darkening and thickening of certain areas. It normally looks like a small wart, and it is common in very overweight people.

Eruptive xanthomatosis may occur when triglycerides rise exceedingly high, and there is reduced blood supply to the skin. Resistance to insulin makes it harder for fat to be cleared out of the blood. Eruptive xanthomatosis consists of firm, yellow, pea-like enlargements each circled by red skin that may itch.