Radically democratic ideas, when they’re coming not from a kooky duke imagining democracy emerging at some point in the future, but from ordinary people taking action in the immediate present, can be unsettling—not just to Adams and Gopnik but to me, too. And yet, like it or not, that’s how we got the Declaration of Independence on July Fourth. A mass movement, on the street, overthrew the legitimately elected government of Pennsylvania and put in a new government that not only reversed the mighty province’s position against independence but also undid the “ancient” tie between rights and property for the first time since that tie was established. Anti-Paine revolutionaries like Adams said they were fighting the British to defend the ancient tie against British violations; Paine-friendlier revolutionaries like Jefferson said so too. But when Paine and the Pennsylvania radicals untied the tie, they were bringing the old, long-frustrated Leveller demand to fruition and casting the revolution against Britain as a revolution against privilege in America.