There is no similar actuality than actuality itself
What is validity?
we can determine validity using the same WTF method.
Again: WTF stands for:
a possible World
where P= True
and Q= False
World.(P)Truth.(Q)False=WTF
Continuation of last lecture:
3)counterfactual conditional P->Q
if P were the case, then Q would be the case
these claims are false when: in at least one closest, most similar possible world where P is true, and Q is false.
in other words, one is making the world slightly changed to make the antecedent(P) true.
In this type of counterexample, using the actual world is the world that is most often going to be referenced.
in general, what I took away from this lecture is that I shouldn’t overthink these problems because 99% of the time, my gut tells me that logically something is or isnt true. I think that the counterfactual conditional is just rationalizing the feeling that we call our “gut feeling”
It was a lot of review and I think I am actually starting to understand and how to use all of these different arguments to disprove claims and that was actually a really rewarding moment for me to follow along with the discussion and get the answers to the questions right.