#grammarwitherin

[halo-bish]

𝕤𝕦𝕓𝕛𝕖𝕔𝕥  𝕡𝕣𝕠𝕟𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕤  𝕚𝕟  𝕤𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕙 🍑

Here are all your basic Subject Pronouns in Spanish

Yo : is used when talking about “I” (first person, singular)

Vos : is used instead of tú in some countries, such as Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. (second person, singular)

Tú : When you are talking directly to a child, a relative, a friend, a peer, or a pet, you should use tú (second person, singular)

Usted : used to directly address someone older, a person you do not know, a superior, or someone to whom you would like to show respect. It is the formal version of “you”. There is no English equivalent.

Él : used commonly in place of a boy/man’s name/ “he” (third person, singular, masculine)

Ella : used commonly in place of a girl/woman’s name/ “she”  (third person, singular, feminine)

Nosotros : is used when talking about “we”. It is used when speaking about a group of which you are a part. (first person, masculine, plural)

Nosotras : is used when talking about “we”. It is used when speaking about a group of which you are a part. (first person, feminine, plural)

Vosotros : is used when talking about “you (all)”. It is used to speak directly to a group of people you are very familiar with. (second person, masculine, plural)

Vosotras : is used when talking about “you (all)”. It is used to speak directly to a group of people you are very familiar with. (second person, feminine, plural)

Ustedes : is used when talking about “you (all) (formal) ” is used to speak directly to a group of people in both formal and informal situations in Latin America, only in formal situations in Spain. (second person, plural)

Ellos : is used when talking about “they” (third person, masculine, plural)

Ellas : is used when talking about “they” (third person, feminine, plural)

 Nosotros/Vosotros is used to refer to a group of men only or a group made up of men and women. Even if there are ninety-nine women and only one man in a group, you still use nosotros/vosotros.

Vosotros and vosotras are used in Spain, but you won't hear them in Latin America.

Él is written with an accent mark to differentiate it from the definite article el (the)

[halo-bish]

𝕊𝕪𝕟𝕠𝕟𝕪𝕞𝕤 𝕗𝕠𝕣 ℂ𝕠𝕞𝕞𝕠𝕟 𝕎𝕠𝕣𝕕𝕤 𝕚𝕟 𝕊𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕙 🍫

Synonyms for Common Words in Spanish:

bueno (good) | amable, útil, sano, sano, saludable, provechoso, ventajoso

mucho (often) | a menudo, con frecuencia, muchas veces, frecuentemente, con frecuencia, frecuente, regular

asustado (scared) | paralizado, petrificado, temeroso, miedoso  

bonito (pretty) | lindo, guapo, hermoso, mono, atractivo, atrayente, bello

triste (sad) | lamentable, infeliz, miserable, misero, abatido

corto (short) | pequeño, miniature, mini, minúsculo, diminuto

tímido (shy) | penoso, vergonzoso, huraño, asustadizo, reservado

pobre (poor) | indigente, necesitado, desaventajado, desfavorecido, deficiente

perfecto (perfect) | impecable, intachable, ideal, sin par, inigualable

viejo (old) | antiguo, gastado, maduro, adulto, raido

malo (bad) | fuerte, terrible, horrible, espantoso

sucio (dirty) | feo, repungnante, desagradable, asqueroso, naseabundo

fácil (easy) | simple, sencillo, cómodo, relajado

difícil (hard) | complicado, complejo, agotador, insoportable, inaguantable

rápido (fast) | veloz, adelantado, rápidamente, pronto

lento (slow) | despacio, flojo, atrasado, pausado

todo (all) | alguno, puro, cada, complete, total

🍉🍓 my masterpost ~ request here 🍉🍓

[halo-bish]

💣 𝕡𝕝𝕦𝕣𝕒𝕝 𝕟𝕠𝕦𝕟𝕤 𝕚𝕟 𝕤𝕡𝕒𝕟𝕚𝕤𝕙 💣

Plural Forms of Nouns

If a noun ends in a vowel, make it plural by adding -s.

pera: peras (libro + s)

panti: pantis (panti + s) sonido: sonidos (sonida + s)

There are a few exceptions to the above rule. Here are some you're likely to come across:

The plural of no (no) is noes

The plural of yo (I) can be yoes or yos

The plural of sí (yes) is always síes

The plurals of loanwords (words that have come into Spanish from other languages) that

end in í or ú are formed by simply adding an -s to the end of the word. For example: popurrís (potpourris), menús (menus)

The definite articles (el, la) also change in the plural form. They become “los” and “las.” The definite articles will be covered in depth in the next lesson.    el libro: los libros    la pluma: las plumas    la señora: las señoras If a noun ends in a consonant, make it plural by adding -es.

el borrador: los borradores (borrador + es)

la universidad: las universidades (universidad + es)

la ciudad: las ciudades (ciudad + es) If a noun ends in -ión, add -es and drop the written accent.    el avión: los aviones    la conversación: las conversaciones    la sección: las secciones “avión” doesn’t qualify for the previous rule I stated rule which says that all nouns ending in -ción and sión are feminine. If a noun ends in -z, add -es and change the z to c.    el lápiz: los lápices    el tapiz: los tapices    la actriz: las actrices When the plural refers to two or more nouns of different genders, the masculine plural is used.    2 perros + 6 perras = 8 perros (not perras)    1 gato + 8 gatas = 9 gatos (not gatas) A few nouns are “compound nouns,” that is, they are formed by combining two words into one.    (Example: abre + latas = abrelatas / open + cans = can opener) These compound nouns are always masculine, and the plural is formed by changing the “el” to “los.”    el abrelatas    los abrelatas    el paraguas    los paraguas

  ↡↡ special cases ↡↡

Nouns that end with -s or -x and have an unstressed final syllable do not take any extra ending in the plural.

    el cactus – los cactus

    el tórax – los tórax

However, if the final syllable is stressed, we add -es.

el autobús – los autobuses REVIEW: .

If a noun ends in a vowel, simply add -s.

If a noun ends in a consonant, simply add -es.

If a noun ends in a -z, change the z to c before adding -es.

If a noun ends in ión, drop the written accent before adding -es.

If the plural refers to a mixed group, use the masculine.

For compound nouns, change “el” to “los”.

here are some practice websites : 1 // 2 // 3 // 4

↚ request here // my masterlist (outdated lol I need to update it) ↛

[halo-bish]

al and del? spanish contractions

when a or de comes before the definite article “el”, the two words combine to form a contraction, or two words become one.

“a la/el” means to the and “del la/el” means of the

examples ✘ a + el = al de + el = del

a + el is always contracted.

examples ✘ ¿Mañana vamos a el estadio.? ⟷ ¿Mañana vamos al estadio.?

de + el is always contracted.

examples ✘ Soy de el Reido Unido ⟷ Soy del Reido Unido (I am from the United Kingdom)

De + la, de + las, de + los, a + la, a + las, and a + los are never contracted.

Be careful with the difference between the article EL (the) and the pronoun ÉL (he). Only the definite article (el) is contracted. The pronoun (él) is not.The definite article (el) does not have a written accent. We do NOT contract the words A + ÉL or DE + ÉL

examples ✘ el televisión / the television él mira televisión  / he watches television

here are some practice sites: 1  |  2  |  3  |  4    

that’s it for this mini grammar lesson! Adios, mis amigos.

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