On Reading and Writing: Catch 22
Spawning a short hand reference that embeds itself into the public consciousness gives you an advantage in becoming a great book (See also 1984's Big Brother, Lolita, and Frankenstein). But the question is if the book became great because of the "Catch-22" hook or if the reference became ubiquitous because of the greatness of the book. I don't know the answer to the question, but I'm sure the two feed off of each other.
Although I hadn't read the book before, I had been aware of the concept of "Catch-22". The principle meaning of the title is a regulation that essentially says that a combat pilot can be grounded because he is crazy, but only if he asks to be grounded. The catch is that asking to be grounded is a sane thing to do, so therefore you aren't too crazy to fly. "Catch-22" is referenced in two other places in the book in different contexts, but it all boils down to "you can't win". Based on this information alone, I started the book and (incorrectly) expected a straight forward narrative about combat pilot during World War II.
The book does take place during World War II, although it is more about the characters (in fact, thirty seven of the forty chapters are titled by the name of the character they focus on) than it is about the war and it could be representative of any war. The war almost seems to be more of a McGuffin than anything; there are portions of the book that explicitly take place during bombing runs, but for the most part, the characters spend their time in and out of the hospital, hanging out with prostitutes in Rome, running a scam business on the side, and dealing with the contradictory and capricious orders of their superiors. In my reading of the novel, every single character seems to be crazy in their own way, some just happen to outrank the others.
The biggest source of crazy making seems to be not the war it self per se, but more the directives from above. The prime example of this Colonel Cathcart, who keeps upping the missions necessary before the men can return home just as they are about to reach the magical number. Each time, as they approach the number of missions necessary to go home, they wait in anxiety for him to change the number again. He does this not because it is best for the war effort, but in hopes of impressing his superiors with his initiative. Or there's the dead pilot, who's belongings they can't move because he was never officially singed in, so nobody has the authority to ship his belongings home.
To bring the sense of crazy home, double speak is used consistently in the book, where a character will say something and then two lines later make a completely contradictory claim, and the other characters will accept both claims blindly. It's as if living with such double speak constantly from above inures you to its use on a day to day basis.
The book is also told in a non-linear fashion, for instance in chapter 12, a character mentions that Milo, the procurement officer for the mess hall, has purchased a load of Egyptian cotton, but the story is told again 130 pages later as if it is just happening then. This happens frequently throughout the book and gives the reader a sense of deja-vu (one of the themes of the book). This non-linear storytelling/sense of deja-vu is a connection to the characters who certainly must have a sense of deja-vu every time the rug is pulled out from under them and the number of missions is bumped up.
I would say that the book is well written, and I think I understand where it was coming from, but hung around a little longer than I would have liked. Since there was no real plotting and the book fed back into itself, it felt like it really could have ended any time. But I guess maybe that was the point.
All credit for compiling this list goes to Leisa Watkins, a more patient individual than myself:
THE GREAT GATSBY by F. Scott Fitzgerald (6)
ULYSSES by James Joyce (6)
1984 by George Orwell (6)
THE CATCHER IN THE RYE by J.D. Salinger (6)
ON THE ROAD by Jack Kerouac (6)
THE GRAPES OF WRATH by John Steinbeck (5)
CATCH-22 by Joseph Heller (5)
LOLITA by Vladimir Nabokov (5)
BRAVE NEW WORLD by Aldous Huxley (5)
BRIDESHEAD REVISITED by Evelyn Waugh (5)
THE SOUND AND THE FURY by William Faulkner (4)
TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD by Harper Lee (4)
THE LORD OF THE RINGS by J.R.R. Tolkien (4)
A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN by James Joyce (4)
ANIMAL FARM by George Orwell (4)
TO THE LIGHTHOUSE by Virginia Woolf (4)
INVISIBLE MAN by Ralph Ellison (4)
A CLOCKWORK ORANGE by Anthony Burgess (4)
GONE WITH THE WIND by Margaret Mitchell (4)
AS I LAY DYING by William Faulkner (4)
A FAREWELL TO ARMS by Ernest Hemingway (4)
A PASSAGE TO INDIA by E.M. Forster (4)
LORD OF THE FLIES by William Golding (4)
THE CALL OF THE WILD by Jack London (4)
DAVID COPPERFIELD by Charles Dickens (3)
TESS Of The D’URBERVILLES, Thomas Hardy (3)
THE SCARLET LETTER by Nathaniel Hawthorne (3)
WUTHERING HEIGHTS by Emily Bronte (3)
THE HEART IS A LONELY HUNTER by Carson McCullers (3)
SLAUGHTERHOUSE FIVE by Kurt Vonnegut (3)
JANE EYRE by Charlotte Bronte (3)
BELOVED by Toni Morrison (3)
ANNA KAREINA by Leo Tolstoy (3)
THE SUN ALSO RISES by Ernest Hemingway (3)
NATIVE SON by Richard Wright (3)
ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF SOLITUDE by Gabriel Garcia Marquez (3)
NOSTROMO by Joseph Conrad (3)
HEART OF DARKNESS by Joseph Conrad (3)
UNDER THE VOLCANO by Malcolm Lowry (3)
THE GOOD SOLDIER by Ford Madox Ford (3)
HERZOG by Saul Bellow (3)
THE WIND IN THE WILLOWS by Kenneth Grahame (3)
U.S.A. (trilogy) by John Dos Passos (3)
FINNEGANS WAKE by James Joyce (3)
AN AMERICAN TRAGEDY by Theodore Dreiser (3)
WOMEN IN LOVE by D.H. Lawrence (3)
THE AGE OF INNOCENCE by Edith Wharton (3
THE WOMAN IN WHITE by Wilkie Collins (3)
THINGS FALL APART by Chinua Achebe (3)
TROPIC OF CANCER by Henry Miller (3)
MY ANTONIA by Willa Cather (3)
LIGHT IN AUGUST by William Faulkner (3)
THE MAGUS by John Fowles (3)
THE WORLD ACCORDING TO GARP by John Irving (2)
DON QUIXOTE by Miguel de Cervantes (2)
TOM JONES by Henry Fielding (2)
WAR AND PEACE by Leo Tolstoy (2)
MOBY-DICK by Herman Melville (2)
MADAME BOVARY by Gustave Flaubert (2)
WINNIE THE POOH by A(lan) A(lexander) Milne (2)
GREAT EXPECTATIONS by Charles Dickens (2)
THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV by Feodor Dostoevsky (2)
TRISTAM SHANDY by Laurence Sterne (2)
LITTLE WOMEN by Louisa M. Alcott (2)
VANITY FAIR by William Makepeace Thackeray (2)
PRIDE AND PREJUDICE by Jane Austen (2)
IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME by Marcel Proust (2)
THE AMBASSADORS by Henry James (2)
THE FOUNTAINHEAD by Ayn Rand (2)
GRAVITY’S RAINBOW by Thomas Pynchon (2)
THE AWAKENING by Kate Chopin (1851-1904) (2)
DUNE by Frank Herbert (2)
A TOWN LIKE ALICE by Nevil Shute (2)
ALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND by Lewis Carroll (2)
CLARISSA by Samuel Richardson (2)
THE HITCHHIKER’S GUIDE TO THE GALAXY by Douglas Adams (2)
A PRAYER FOR OWEN MEANY by John Irving (2)
THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO by Alexandre Dumas (2)
THE PORTRAIT OF A LADY by Henry James (2)
OF MICE AND MEN by John Steinbeck (2)
ALL THE KING’S MEN by Robert Penn Warren (2)
GO TELL IT ON THE MOUNTAIN by James Baldwin (2)
CHARLOTE’S WEB by E. B. White (2)
ROBINSON CRUSOE by Daniel Defoe (2)
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT by Feodor Dostoevsky (2)
THE STAND by Stephen King (2)
REBECCA by Daphne du Maurier (2)
I, CLAUDIUS by Robert Graves (2)
HOWARDS END by E.M. Forster (2)
TENDER IS THE NIGHT by F. Scott Fitzgerald (2)
THE RAINBOW by D.H. Lawrence (2)
BLEAK HOUSE by Charles Dickens (2)
ATLAS SHRUGGED by Ayn Rand (2)
ABSALOM, ABSALOM! by William Faulkner (2)
THE WINGS OF THE DOVE by Henry James (2)
AUSTERLITZ by W. G. Sebald (2)
THE TRIAL by Franz Kafka (2)
WISE BLOOD by Flannery O’Connor (2)
FRANKENSTEIN by Mary Shelley(2)
As Ranked by my enjoyment...