What Are The Glanders in Horses — Treatment and Preventions
Burkholderia mallei, the bacterium responsible for glanders, is typically transmitted through contact with nasal discharge, saliva, urine, or pus from infected animals. Contaminated feed, water, equipment, or surfaces can also contribute to the spread of the disease.
Glanders can manifest in two forms: acute and chronic.
Nasal discharge (often thick and purulent)
Swelling and nodules in the nasal mucosa
Ulcers and sores in the respiratory tract
Formation of abscesses in internal organs
Occular symptoms, including conjunctivitis and discharge
It’s important to note that some horses may be carriers of the bacterium without showing clinical signs, making detection challenging.
Preventing the introduction and spread of glanders is crucial. Key preventive measures include:
Quarantine: Isolate new animals to prevent the introduction of the bacterium to a healthy population.
Testing: Regular testing of horses, especially those in contact with other animals, is essential for early detection.
Hygiene: Maintain strict hygiene practices, including regular cleaning and disinfection of stables, equipment, and feeding utensils.
Control of vectors: Manage and control insect vectors that can potentially spread the disease.
Avoidance of contaminated sources: Ensure that feed, water, and equipment are free from contamination.
Due to the zoonotic potential of glanders, strict biosecurity measures should also be in place to protect humans from potential exposure. In many countries, including India, glanders is a notifiable disease, and any suspected cases should be reported to veterinary authorities immediately.
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