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THE SONG OF SANTA SOPHIA

During the Period of the Ottoman occupation, the song called Tourkokratia, the Greeks expressed their concerns in folk songs, whose numerous variants were gradually collected and published in the nineteenth century to form an impressive corpus. Some songs reach back all the way to the last years of Byzantine Greece before its fall to the Ottoman Turks. Entitled ( The Song ) of Santa Sophia, it is thought to describe the situation shortly before the fall Constantinople to Sultan Mehmed II Fatih on May 29, 1453. This song survived orally and was finally recorded in the nineteenth century.

[THE SONG] of SANTA SOPHIA

Dominant Version:

Σηµαίνει ὁ Θιόϛ, σηµαίνει ἡ γῆ, σηµαίνουν τὰ ἐπουράνια, σηµαίνει κ’ ἡ Ἁγιὰ Σοφιά, τὸ µέγα µοναστήρι, µὲ τετρακόσια σήµαντρα κ’ ἑξηνταδυὸ καµπάνεϛ, κάθε καµπάνα καὶ παπάϛ, κάθε παπὰϛ καὶ διάκοϛ. Ψάλλει ζερβὰ ὁ βασιλιάϛ, δεξιὰ ὁ πατριάρχηϛ, 5 κι’ ἀπ’ τὴν πολλὴ τὴν ψαλµουδιὰ ἐσειόντανε οἱ κολόνεϛ. Νὰ µποῦνε στὸ χερουβικὸ καὶ νά ’βγη ὁ βασιλέαϛ, φωνὴ τοὺϛ ἦρθε ἐξ οὐρανοῦ κι ἀπ ̓ ἀρχαγγέλου στόµα: “Πάψετε τὸ χερουβικὸ κι’ ἂϛ χαµηλώσουν τ ̓ ἅγια, παπάδεϛ πάρτε τὰ γιερά, καὶ σεῖϛ κεριὰ σβηστῆτε, 10 γιατὶ εἶναι θέληµα Θεοῦ ἡ Πόλη νὰ τουρκέψῃ. Μὸν στεῖλτε λόγο στὴ Φραγγιά, νά ’ρθουνε τρία καράβια, τό ’να νὰ πάρῃ τὸ σταυρὸ καὶ τἄλλο τὸ βαγγέλιο, τὸ τρίτο τὸ καλλίτερο, τὴν ἅγια τράπεζά µαϛ, µὴ µᾶϛ τὴν πάρουν τὰ σκυλιὰ καὶ µᾶϛ τὴ µαγαρίσουν.” 15 Ἡ Lέσποινα ταράχτηκε καὶ δάκρυσαν οἱ εἰκόνεϛ. “Σώπασε κυρὰ Lέσποινα καὶ µὴ πολυδακρύζειϛ, πάλι µὲ χρόνια µὲ καιρούϛ, πάλι δικά σαϛ εἶναι.”

God, the earth, the heavens sound the tocsin; Santa Sophia, the Great Church, also sounds the alarm, With its four hundred tocsins and the peel of sixty-two bells; For every bell there is a priest, for every priest a deacon. The emperor chants to the left, the patriarch to the right, 5 And all this chanting makes the columns shake. As they were starting the Cherubic hymn for the emperor to exit A heavenly voice was heard from the mouth of the Archangel: “Stop the Cherubic hymn, lower the sacred implements; Priests remove the holy (vessels); candles blow yourselves out. 10 Because it is the will of God that the City fall to the Turks. Only send word to the West and ask for three ships to come; One will take the cross, the other the Gospel, The third, the best of the three, our holy altar, Lest the dogs take it from us and defile it.” The Madonna was perturbed and the icons shed tears. 15 “Be still Madonna and weep no more: With the passage of years and time, it will be yours again.

————— Pouqueville Version

Ἐρρόδησ’ ἡ ἀνατολὴ καὶ ’ξηµερών’ ἡ δύση, ἐπῆρ’ ἀέραϛ στὰ βουνὰ καὶ ἥλιοϛ στὰ λαγκάδια, καὶ στὰ µικρὰ περίχωρα τὸ φῶϛ καὶ ἡ ἡµέρα. σηµαίνει ὁ Θεόϛ, σηµαίνει ἡ γῆ, σηµαίνουν τὰ οὐράνια, σηµαίνει καὶ ἡ Ἁγιὰ Σοφιά, τὸ µέγα µοναστήρι, µὲ δεκαπέντε σήµαντρα, µὲ δεκαοχτὼ καµπάνεϛ, µ’ ἑξήντα δύο ἀρχιερεῖϛ, τριακόσιουϛ δυὸ παπάδεϛ, διακόνοι εἰκοσιτέσσερεϛ καὶ ψάλτεϛ ἐνενήντα, πνευµατικοὶ σαράντα δυὸ µὲ τὰ χαρτιὰ στὸ χέρι. καὶ ψάλλουν “ἅγιοϛ ὁ Θεόϛ,” στέκουν καὶ τὸ καντάρουν, λέγουν καὶ τὸν Ἀπόστολον, ψάλλουν τὰ Ἀλλελούϊα, λέγουν καί τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον στὸν ἄµβωνα ἀπάνω. ψάλλουν καὶ τὸ χερουβικὸν πρὶν νὰ χαµηλώσ’ τ’ ἅγια. φωνὴ τοὺϛ ἦλθε ἀπ’ οὐρανοὺϛ καὶ ἀπ’ ἀρχαγέλλου στόµα νὰ πάψουνε αἱ ψαλµουδιὲϛ διὰ νὰ διαβοῦνε τ’ ἅγια, καὶ φέρτε τὸν χρυσὸν σταυρὸν καὶ τ’ ἀργυρὸ τὸ τέµπλο, τὰ µανουάλια τὰ χρυσᾶ τὰ µαργαριταρένια, καὶ τ’ ἀσηµένιο θυµιατὸ καὶ τὸ ἄγιο εὐαγγέλιο, καὶ ἡ ἁγία τράπεζα στὴν θάλασσαν θὰ πέσῃ. ἠθέλησεν ὁ βασιλεὺϛ νὰ πάῃ νὰ προσκυνήσῃ. δεξιὰ στέκετ ̓ ὁ βασιλεύϛ, ζερβιὰ ὁ πατριάρχηϛ, στὴν µέση εἶναι ἡ Lέσποινα µὲ τὸν Χριστὸν στ’ ἀγκάλεϛ. κι ὁ Μιχαὴλ ἀρχάγγελοϛ στέκει παρηγορᾷ την. “Σώπα κυρία Lέσποινα καὶ µὴ παραπονάσαι, πάλιν µὲ χρόνουϛ, µὲ καιρούϛ, πάλιν διὰ νάν’ δικά σου. θὰ ψάλλουν καὶ θὰ λειτουργοῦν κ’ ἐσένα θὰ δοξάζουν.” Ἀµήν, Χριστέ, καὶ γένοιτο εἰϛ πάνταϛ τοὺϛ αἰῶναϛ.

The east formed rose hues and the west shed its darkness; Winds rose in the mountains; the sun shone in the valleys; Light and day reached all lesser suburbs. God, the earth, and the heavens sound the alarm; Santa Sophia, the Great Church, also sounds the alarm, With its fifteen tocsins and the peel of eighteen bells, With its sixty-two high priests, three hundred and two priests, Twenty-four deacons, ninety cantors, And forty-two confessors with texts in their hands. They chant “God is holy” in harmony; 1 They read the texts of the Apostle, and chant “Alleluia”; They also read the Gospel from the ambo. They chant the Cherubic hymn before lowering the sacred implements. A heavenly voice was heard, the mouth of the Archangel: “Stop all chanting to let the sacred implements pass; Bring the golden cross and the silver altar The candle-holders of gold decorated with pearls, The silver censer and the holy Gospel; The holy altar will fall into the sea.” The emperor wished to go and prostrate himself. The emperor stands to the right, the patriarch to the left. Between them is the Madonna bearing Christ in her arms. Archangel Michael stands by her and calms her down: “Be still Madonna and be not perturbed; With the passage of years and time, it will be yours again. They will chant, they will celebrate the liturgy, and you will be glorified.” Amen, Christ: may it pass in all centuries to come.

Philippides, M. Tears of the Great Church: The Lamentation of Santa Sophia . Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies, 52, 714–737.

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