#imperial cities

[apisceslearnsart]

Imperial Cities by Joyce Kozloff

This is from an art installation by the American artist which comprises of massive maps. It was meant to challenge dominant narratives of power and history by not following a more traditional form of cartography.

[racefortheironthrone]

Hi, I have a question regarding charter cities in ASOIAF. If I understood correctly, a charter city is a city that can engage in international trade and is self-governed, with the citzens electing their officials instead of being governed by a feudal lord, among other rights. However, in Westeros there are cities, such as Oldtown, Lannisport, White Harbor, Gulltown and King's Landing , that engage in international trade but are ruled by noblemen. Did I understand something wrong?

You've identified two of the big rights - international trade and self-government - that city charters granted, but there were other important elements: burgher (or borough) rights for its citizens, warehousing rights for domestic as well as international trade, the right to erect city walls, market rights, and so forth.

However, when it comes to self-governance, two things are simultaneously true. First, GRRM does not write about city councils, municipal courts, and other evidence of self-governance and instead describes cities as directly governed by noble houses (who control the city watch militias, crucially), albeit with the presence of guilds. Partially I think this is due to a desire to simplify his storytelling, since he's mostly writing about a feudal world, and partially I think GRRM is drawing from older historiography and historical fiction that emphasized more of a "great man" theory of history and pre-dated the "new social history" of the 1960s.

Second, it is also true that the self-governance of chartered cities was often not an absolute. Outside of Italian city-states that were their own independent republics, you had lots of chartered cities that combined local self-governance (especially in internal matters) with some form of incorporation into feudal structures. Often this took the form of the city being a direct vassal of the monarch - thus the City of London gets its charter from the King of England and doesn't owe homage to the lords of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, or Hertfordshire.

Likewise, if you were a Freie und Reichsstädte (Free Imperial City) of the Holy Roman Empire, you were subordinate only to the Emperor, unlike the Landstadt (territorial city) who owed homage to their Prince-Bishop or Herzog or Margrave or Graf. However, both in England and the HRE, the charter structured and limited this vassalage in both material and symbolic terms. (Imagine how complicated it could get when a city was simultaneously a vassal of the Holy Roman Emperor and a member of the Hanseatic League along with other cities that were part of the Kingdom of Denmark etc.) Hence why the English monarch still has to ask permission from the Lord Mayor in order to enter the City of London, or why you had Prince-Bishops who were legally barred from entering the cities they ruled.

This mixed governance structure often came with some form of representation in a national assembly - towns and cities with borough rights sent burgesses to the English Parliament alongside the knights of the counties, and in the Holy Roman Empire Imperial Cities were represented in the Imperial Diet along with the Electors and secular and ecclesiastical princes.

GRRM also neglects this part of medieval history: we don't see King's Landing or Oldtown or White Harbor or Gulltown sending their own representatives to the Great Councils, for example.

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[hungrytravellers]

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[toursinmorocco]

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[desertdaytours-blog]

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