A correction: LeDoux's actual views on instrumental learning in vertebrates
A correction: LeDoux’s actual views on instrumental learning in vertebrates
I have to make a correction. In my post on LeDoux’s views on consciousness and emotions, I made the following statement:
Anyway, LeDoux states that there is “no convincing” evidence for instrumental behavior in pre-mammalian vertebrates, or in invertebrates. In his view, instrumental behavior only exists in mammals and birds.
As it turns out, this is is wrong. In his hierarchy, he makes a…
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